International dental journal最新文献

Background: Good knowledge and screening practices of dental professionals for oral cancer (OC) will inevitably improve its prognosis. The present study sought to evaluate OC knowledge and practices among dental professionals in Yemen.

Methods: This study was conducted among Yemeni dentists. The used tool was a prevalidated online questionnaire composed of items on the knowledge, practices, and barriers of OC screening and early detection. The data were managed and analysed using SPSS Version 28.0.

Results: A total of 506 dental professionals completed the questionnaire. The participants showed moderate levels of knowledge on risk factors and clinical signs of OC. While the majority reported tobacco (89.9%) as a potential risk factor, only 76.7% and 57.5% of the subjects reported a potential role for alcohol consumption and old age. Regarding clinical signs, the majority reported that OC can present as nonhealing ulcer (90.3%) or white/red patch (87.2%), yet only 73.7% reported that it can present as swelling/lump, and around 32% reported that teeth attrition is one of its clinical signs. Concerning practices, most of the participants reported asking their patients about their tobacco habits (84%), routinely examine patients' oral mucosa (81.4%), and refer suspicious lesions to specialists (91.3%). Only 44.9% reported feeling confident regarding their knowledge and training on OC. Specialists and those who attended educational courses on OC were more knowledgeable, more confident, and showed better practices than their counterparts. Inadequate knowledge/training, lack of time, and lack of financial compensation were the most reported barriers to OC screening and early detection.

Conclusion: The present study indicates marked gaps in the knowledge and screening practices of OC among Yemeni dentists. Therefore, conducting periodic continuing courses along with interventional trainings are urgently recommended to address these gaps.

Objective: This register-based study evaluated sector-specific differences in adults' utilisation of dental care services in Helsinki, Finland in 2007-2017.

Methods: The target population comprised all inhabitants aged 20+ years in Helsinki over an 11-year period, from 2007 to 2017. The data, aggregated into 5-year age groups by treatment year and type of treatment, included inhabitants with at least 1 visit to a dentist in the private or public sector. In 2007-2017, the numbers of all patients ranged between 229,772 and 261,488. The patient age groups were analysed for periodontal, restorative, endodontic, and oral surgery treatment received. Attendance rates (%) refer to the number of patients per number of inhabitants. Proportions (%) of patients receiving various treatment types refer to numbers of patients per all patients. Comparisons between the age groups included percentual change in absolute numbers and percentage points in rates. The treatment-year trends were analysed by applying linear regression models.

Results: Attendance rate for all adult patients was 49.5% in 2007 and 48.8% in 2017. During the 11-year period, adults' attendance to private service decreased (31.4%-24.9%) but increased to public service (18.1%-23.9%). Patients receiving periodontal care increased in both the private (67%-72%) and public (36%-45%) sectors, while patients with restorative care decreased in both sectors private (67%-58%) and public (58%-48%). Further, fewer private- than public-sector patients received oral surgery or endodontic treatment.

Conclusions: Sector-specific differences in patient treatments may indicate over- or undertreatment choices in restorative and periodontal care.

Background: The association between occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) remains obscure. The present purpose was to explore the asymmetrical occlusion feature(s) potentially linked to TMDs.

Methods: This study enrolled 148 patients with a chief complaint of malocclusion. Of those, 84 had no signs of TMD (Group-ORD1), and 64 had signs of TMD (Group-ORD2). An additional 84 patients with a chief complaint of TMD symptoms and a history of orthodontic therapy were included (Group-TMD). All patients in the study were female. Asymmetry of six occlusion variables was measured on plaster study casts and recorded as 1 for asymmetry and 0 for symmetry. The variables contain the sagittal asymmetry: the first molar mesial-distal relationship (F1), canine mesial-distal relationship (F2); the horizontal asymmetry: anterior overjet and overbite relationship (F3), posterior overjet and overbite relationship (F4); missing teeth (F5), and the weight of the asymmetrical occluding pair (F6). And logistic regression model was used for data analyses.

Results: In the analyses for Group-ORD2 versus Group-ORD1, the F6 variable and the interactions of F1*F2 and F1*F2*F6 were entered into the model (all OR > 2.68). For Group-TMD versus Group-ORD1, the variables were F1, F5, and F6 (all OR > 2.39) and F4 (OR = 0.28), and the interactions were F5*F6, F1*F2*F6, F1*F5*F6, and F1*F2*F5*F6 (all OR > 2.78) and F2*F4, F3*F5, and F2*F4*F6 (all OR < 0.13). For Group-TMD versus Group-ORD2 the variables and interactions were F5, F5*F6, and F1*F5*F6 (all OR > 4.03) and F4, F4*F6 and F2*F4*F6 (all OR < 0.21) (all P < .05).

Conclusions: Patients with sagittal asymmetry, asymmetrical missing teeth, or asymmetrical weight of contact have a higher prevalence of TMD.

Background: There is a lack of standardized guidelines for the prescription of antibiotics prior to implant surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different antibiotics preoperatively on dental implant treatment outcome.

Methods: This retrospective analysis involved a cohort of patients who received dental implant treatment at ten university dental clinics participating in the BigMouth network. All patients records who received antibiotic medication prior to implant surgery including amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and metronidazole were analysed. The treatment outcome was assessed as a binary outcome, classified as either survival or failure of the implant.

Results: A total of 41,135 implants inserted in 17,483 individuals and followed-up for a mean time of 81 ± 52.33 months. The implant failure rate was 3% at the patient level and 1.6% at the implant level. Hispanic and non-Hispanic ethnic groups showed higher likelihood to have an implant failure than other races, as well as White and African-American races, were more likely to experience implant loss compared to Hispanic patients. Implants placed in patients who received Ciprofloxacin preoperatively showed significantly lower cumulative survival implant time than those who had amoxicillin.

Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, premedication with Ciprofloxacin led to statistically significant lower implant survival time than with amoxicillin. Future prospective randomized clinical trials are needed to validate the present findings.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the histologic and volumetric alteration in gingival tissues following grafting with electrospinning collagen membranes blended with nanophased hydroxyapatite (nHA) on the buccal side of canine teeth.

Methods: Four adult beagle dogs underwent hemisecting of the mandibular premolars, followed by the extraction of the mesial roots. Soft tissue augmentations were randomly conducted with collagen membranes composed of poly (L-Lactic-co-caprolactone) and porcine fibrinogen (PLCL/F-Fg), PLCL/F-Fg membranes blended with nHA (PLCL/F-Fg/nHA), or a sham-operated control. The animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks post-surgery and received volumetric analyses. Histological examinations at the meantime were carried out at five different depths below the crest (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5.5 mm).

Results: Histological examinations showed a statistically significant increase in buccal gingival thickness between PLCL/F-Fg/20%nHA and PLCL/F-Fg (3.82 ± 1.56mm vs 1.78 ± 0.20mm (at 3.5 mm); 4.23 ± 0.63mm vs 1.80 ± 0.58mm (at 5.5 mm)) as well as between PLCL/F-Fg/20%nHA and PLCL/F-Fg/10%nHA (4.23 ± 0.63mm vs 1.97 ± 0.73mm (at 5.5 mm)). Volumetric analyses showed a statistically significant decrease in volume reduction between PLCL/F-Fg/20%nHA and PLCL/F-Fg (4.46 ± 2.75mm³ vs 10.27 ± 4.77mm³) as well as between PLCL/F-Fg/20%nHA and PLCL/F-Fg/10%nHA (4.46 ± 2.75mm³ vs 10.57 ± 2.88mm³).

Conclusion: PLCL/F-Fg/20%nHA membranes demonstrated effectiveness in the gingival thickness augmentation on the buccal side of canine teeth at 12 weeks postsurgery. The electrospinning collagen membranes blended with nHA rendered an alternative treatment for soft tissue volume augmentations at the pontic site.

Background: A growing body of epidemiological data consistently links air pollution to various adverse health outcomes. However, the potential connection between air pollution and the risk of oral diseases remains underexplored.

Methods: This study utilized a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to assess the causal relationship between air pollution and oral diseases. Six categories of air pollution were considered as exposures: nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10), and PM2.5 absorbance. The outcomes included 18 oral health-related diseases drawn from the Finngen R10 dataset, the Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium, and the Oncoarray oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer consortium. Sensitivity analyses were performed to validate the primary inverse-variance weighted estimates using methods such as weighted median, weighted mode, and MR Egger.

Results: The inverse-variance weighted analysis demonstrated a detrimental effect of air pollution on multiple oral health conditions, yielding 5 positive associations including PM2.5 with oral leukoplakia, gingivitis and periodontitis; PM2.5-10 with pulp and periapical diseases, and NO₂ with gingivitis and periodontitis, and oral cavity, salivary glands and jaws diseases. Sensitivity tests showed no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy, affirming the robustness of the findings.

Conclusion: This study highlights the detrimental impact of air pollution on oral health, emphasizing the need for further research into the underlying mechanisms and interactions. These findings reinforce the importance of implementing environmental interventions to mitigate the associated risks for oral health.

Introduction and aims: Periodontitis is a globally prevalent disease that is clinically diagnosed when the periodontal tissues are pathologically affected. Therefore, it is vital to identify novel periodontitis-associated biomarkers that will aid in diagnosing or treating potential patients with periodontitis.

Methods: The GSE16134 and GSE10334 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes between periodontitis and healthy samples. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was performed to identify significantly involved signalling pathways. Weighted gene correlation network analysis was used to identify key molecular modules. Hub genes were screened using key genes to construct a diagnosis and prediction model of periodontitis. Microenvironment cell population-counter was used to analyse immune cell infiltration patterns in periodontal diseases.

Results: Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis revealed that periodontitis involves the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and associated module genes (667 genes). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of the module genes revealed that periodontitis involves the type I interferon, rhythmic process, and response to type I interferon signalling pathways. GSEA identified 21 core genes associated with periodontitis and classified them into two clusters, A and B. Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer analysis revealed that AKT.inhibitor.VIII had high drug sensitivity in the cluster A subtype. Monocytes and myeloid dendritic cell infiltration were enriched in the cluster A subtype, whereas natural killer T cell infiltration was enriched in the cluster B subtype.

Conclusion: The pathway and gene modules identified in this study may help comprehensively diagnose periodontitis and provide a novel method for evaluating new treatments.

Clinical relevance: Our results are beneficial for classifying periodontitis subtypes and treatment using targeted medicine.