Manisha S. Kumar, P. Haripriya, Darbha V. Ravi Kumar
{"title":"Recyclable g-C3N4 and K-doped g-C3N4 pellets for the photocatalytic production of H2O2 under direct sunlight","authors":"Manisha S. Kumar, P. Haripriya, Darbha V. Ravi Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11696-024-03694-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is an environmentally friendly oxidant, producing only water as a by-product upon decomposition. Given the energy-intensive nature of the conventional anthraquinone process for commercial H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production, photocatalytic production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) emerges as a viable alternative. Among the other alternatives for improving the efficiency of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, potassium ion doping in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is one of the efficient methods that can further increases the yield of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production, as the K<sup>+</sup> doping enhances the photogenerated charge carriers’ separation, intensity and range of visible light absorption, etc. However, traditional methods of catalyst dispersion are inefficient due to the challenges of retrieving the catalyst. Immobilization, while addressing the retrieval issues, adversely affects mass transfer and lowers photocatalyst efficiency. Hence, in this study, we explore an innovative approach to catalyst recycling by forming the catalyst into pellets that avoid immobilization, centrifugation, or any other tedious energy intensive separation process. Pellets of undoped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and 10 wt% K-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> are tested for the photocatalytic production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> under direct sunlight and recycled for three times. These materials, <i>i.e.,</i> undoped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and 10 wt% K-doped g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> pellets are able to produce ~ 407 µM g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> and ~ 853 µM g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, respectively, after three recycles. Such a novel approach of recycling the catalysts in the form of pellets can be extended for the large-scale production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by loading the pellets to fixed bed column and operating it in continuous flow manner.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":513,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Papers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chemical Papers","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11696-024-03694-x","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Engineering","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an environmentally friendly oxidant, producing only water as a by-product upon decomposition. Given the energy-intensive nature of the conventional anthraquinone process for commercial H2O2 production, photocatalytic production of H2O2 using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) emerges as a viable alternative. Among the other alternatives for improving the efficiency of g-C3N4, potassium ion doping in g-C3N4 is one of the efficient methods that can further increases the yield of H2O2 production, as the K+ doping enhances the photogenerated charge carriers’ separation, intensity and range of visible light absorption, etc. However, traditional methods of catalyst dispersion are inefficient due to the challenges of retrieving the catalyst. Immobilization, while addressing the retrieval issues, adversely affects mass transfer and lowers photocatalyst efficiency. Hence, in this study, we explore an innovative approach to catalyst recycling by forming the catalyst into pellets that avoid immobilization, centrifugation, or any other tedious energy intensive separation process. Pellets of undoped g-C3N4 and 10 wt% K-doped g-C3N4 are tested for the photocatalytic production of H2O2 under direct sunlight and recycled for three times. These materials, i.e., undoped g-C3N4 and 10 wt% K-doped g-C3N4 pellets are able to produce ~ 407 µM g−1 h−1 and ~ 853 µM g−1 h−1 of H2O2, respectively, after three recycles. Such a novel approach of recycling the catalysts in the form of pellets can be extended for the large-scale production of H2O2 by loading the pellets to fixed bed column and operating it in continuous flow manner.
Chemical PapersChemical Engineering-General Chemical Engineering
CiteScore
3.30
自引率
4.50%
发文量
590
期刊介绍:
Chemical Papers is a peer-reviewed, international journal devoted to basic and applied chemical research. It has a broad scope covering the chemical sciences, but favors interdisciplinary research and studies that bring chemistry together with other disciplines.