Chemical Papers最新文献

Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality, surpassed only by cardiovascular disorders. Among its various types, Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) poses a significant global health risk. Chemotherapy is the most common therapeutic approach for treating cancer. However, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause serious toxicity by reducing the survival of both tumor and normal cells, thereby diminishing the survival chances of patients. Natural products extracted from medicinal plants serve as effective anticancer agents with minimal side effects. Among natural compounds, flavonoids have been reported as effective anticancer agents. In this study, two flavonoids, viscosine and quercetin 7-rutinoside, were evaluated for their antitumor potential using in silico models. These flavonoids were tested for their inhibitory activity against DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX3X (referred to as DDX3) and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-XL) enzymes through molecular docking and dynamic simulation analyses. The docking analysis revealed low docking scores and binding energies for both viscosine and quercetin 7-rutinoside. The overall docking results revealed that the selected flavonoids exhibited a favorable binding affinity for DDX3 and Bcl-X_L. They bind firmly to the key active sites and remain stably within the pocket regions of DDX3 and Bcl-X_L, thereby inhibiting their activity. This data was further supported by the RMSF and RMSD analyses. The preliminary molecular docking and simulation analyses confirm the promising inhibitory effects of viscosine and quercetin 7-rutinoside against DDX3 and Bcl-X_L. Therefore, these flavonoids could serve as potential antitumor drug candidates in the future. However, further experimental studies are needed to validate their potential for clinical trials.

Non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic zaleplon has showed potential in reducing symptoms of HIV infection in people who suffer from sleeplessness. It interacts with Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and enhances sleep quality. Insomnia is associated with metabolic difficulties; zaleplon’s effects on metabolic alterations and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism indicate it may be useful in treating these concerns. It also helps with secondary depression, demonstrating its therapeutic value. To evaluate the oral bioavailability and subjective sleep quality and duration of the newly designed Zaleplon nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). This study developed a solution of optimised Zaleplon self-nanoemulsifying medication delivery devices and then pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics characteristics were compared with that of the market-available similar drug on psychiatric patients. Multiple components were obtained, and response surface design reduced tests. The UV–Vis spectrophotometry assessed optical clarity after dilution. Comparing Zal-SNEDDS to control capsules in simulated stomach fluid for dissolution examined medication concentration. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure serum Zaleplon concentration before and after administration. The study demonstrated significant improvements in subjective sleep quality for the Zaleplon-SNEDDS group, which scored lower (0.69 ± 0.066) compared to the usual Zaleplon group (1.25 ± 0.085) with a p-value of 0.0026. Sleep latency showed no significant difference between the groups. Both groups had low sleep disturbance scores, with no significant difference observed. Daytime dysfunction significantly improved in the Zaleplon-SNEDDS group (p = 0.0012). Sleep duration was significantly better in the Zaleplon-SNEDDS group (p = 0.045). Total PSQI scores showed a trend towards improvement in the Zaleplon-SNEDDS group, though not statistically significant (p = 0.065). The study concluded that Zaleplon-SNEDDS is highly effective in increasing subjective sleep quality, daytime dysfunction and sleep duration as compared to the Zaleplon available in the market.

Chitosan and heparin are two biopolymers with different properties that can be combined to develop biomaterials with unique and desirable characteristics. Chitosan is a cationic polymer with antimicrobial, hemostatic, and wound-healing properties. Heparin is an anionic polymer with anticoagulant properties. The combination of chitosan and heparin can be used to develop biomaterials with a variety of applications, including drug delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. These biomaterials can be fabricated into various forms, such as films, membranes, sponges, hydrogels, nanoparticles, and scaffolds. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide, present in the form of copolymers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as repeating units. Heparin is a natural glycosaminoglycan; a linear sulfated molecule consisting of repetitive units of disaccharide containing uronic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine. Heparin binds and activates the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which in turn promotes proliferation and migration and thus results in angiogenesis and the formation of new blood vessels. These advantages make chitosan- and heparin-based biomaterials promising candidates for a variety of biomedical applications. However, there are still some challenges that need to be addressed before these biomaterials can be widely used in clinical practices. For example, the degradation rate of chitosan- and heparin-based biomaterials need to be better controlled, and the mechanical properties of these biomaterials need to be improved. Despite these challenges, chitosan- and heparin-based biomaterials have the potential to revolutionize the field of biomedicine. These biomaterials offer several advantages over traditional materials, and they have the potential to be used in a variety of innovative applications. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and applications in this field. It aims to summarize the key findings and advancements in the development and use of chitosan- and heparin-based hydrogels for various biomedical applications.

The health crisis induced by the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the quest for innovative antiviral drugs. One such advancement is the authorization of favipiravir (FAR) as an antiviral medication for COVID-19 management. As a result, it is essential to develop precise and cost-effective methodologies for quantifying FAR levels in plasma samples and tablets. In this research, we describe the creation of novel, thermostable (25–80 °C) and pH (3–11) stable amine-doped carbon dots (N@CQDs using green source) produced via a single-step synthesis approach for the assessment of FAR with high quantum yield 33.84% for reduction in the consumed organic solvents. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have garnered significant attention in recent times due to their effectiveness as probes. Their affordability, environmentally friendly nature, and exceptional photocatalytic properties have positioned them as noteworthy substitutes for traditional luminescent methods such as fluorescent dyes and luminous derivatization. The addition of FAR significantly reduced the luminescence response of the synthesized green and stable carbon quantum dots at 515 nm. The linear graph for detection was quantified to be 5.0–200.0 ng mL⁻¹, with a lower limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 3.85 ng mL⁻¹. The method’s high sensitivity, thermostable, and selectivity make it suitable for use in clinical laboratories. Besides, the reusability and stability of the N@CQDs were conducted effectively for analysis of FAR.

TMP195 is a highly profiled clinical candidate demonstrating class IIa histone deacetylase (HDAC) selective inhibition. Current preparation of TMP195 is limited to subgram-scale due to the requirement of tedious (post-)experimental procedures and the uses of hazardous reagents. To fulfill the unmet need for the bulky synthesis of TMP195 for the future clinical study, we have carried out its synthetic research. The present study provides a novel synthetic process suitable for the multigram-scale synthesis of TMP195. Its overall yield has increased significantly from the literature to the present, with respective values of 9% and 45%. Notably, the proposed process is more efficient and facile, characterized by accelerated reaction rates from 40 h to within 19 h and a streamlined post-reaction column chromatography purification from five reactions to just one. Additionally, the proposed process is more environmentally friendly, featured by the solvent-free synthesis of key intermediate 4-(chloromethyl)-2-phenyloxazole and replacement of non-toxic cyanide source. This newly proposed synthetic process is highly stable and repeatable under 10 gramme scale counted by benzamide as starting material.

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China’s extensive natural soda ash (NSA) reserves and cost-effective production make it a key material in various chemical industries. This study introduces two innovative modification techniques—physical blending and surface coating with sodium silicate solution (SSS)—to enhance the hygroscopic resistance and dispersibility of NSA desulfurizers. Experimental results indicate that both methods significantly reduce moisture-induced agglomeration, with the 10 wt% SSS-modified NSA achieving optimal desulfurization performance. This improvement is attributed to the formation of a protective silicate film, which enhances flowability and moisture resistance, making it highly suitable for industrial applications in flue gas desulfurization.

Anticancer agents are important drugs used in the treatment of different types of cancers. Some of the anticancer drugs act as alkylating agents. The release of these drugs from various uses poses serious threat to the ecosystem by creating health and environmental issues. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the development of sensors for the timely detection of chemotherapeutic agents in different environmental matrices. Some well-known anticancer agents including nitrogen mustards, oxazaphosphorines, ethylene imines, nitrosoureas, alkyl sulfonates, triazenes, hydrazines, and platinum complexes pose significant risks due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic potentials. Addressing these concerns, this review underscores the innovation in sensor technology over the past five years, showcasing rapid, selective, and sensitive tools as viable alternatives to traditional analytical methods. Emphasizing electrochemical, fluorescent, and colorimetric sensors, we detail their remarkable accuracy and low detection limits, essential for precise monitoring of these hazardous substances. Notably, the sensors discussed exhibit varied detection limits, such as a very low detection limit of 6 nM for nitrogen mustards using D-G4/ThT, and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.36 ng/mL for chlorambucil in aqueous media, extending to 0.39–0.51 ng/mL in real samples with C60 fullerene imprinted micelles. These parameters are critical for the effective detection and monitoring of anticancer alkylating agents in the environment to ensuring the minimization of human and animal exposure to these harmful chemicals in future. This review article highlights the importance for the development of easy to use, reliable and more effective sensors for the timely detection of anticancer alkylating agents in the environment.

Electrocoagulation, a promising method for the removal of contaminants from aqueous solutions, was investigated in this study. The effects of different operational parameters on the removal of lead ions were examined using a continuous electrocoagulation process in an 800 ml electrocoagulation cell. The experimental setup involved varying the hydraulic retention time HRT (15, 25, 35, and 45 min), applied voltage (2, 5, 7.5, 10 V), the rotation speed (0, 50, 100, and 150 rpm), and the distance between the electrodes (2.3 and 2.7 cm). The initial concentration of lead ions in the aqueous solution was set at 200 mg Pb⁺²/L. The results revealed that an extended HRT significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of lead ions, with the maximum efficiency attained at a 45-min HRT. Increasing the applied voltage up to 10 V also improved the removal efficiency. However, as the distance between the electrodes increased, the removal efficiency decreased. Regarding the rotation speed, an increasing trend in removal efficiency was observed up to 100 rpm. Beyond this threshold, the removal efficiency gradually declined due to the destabilization of the formed flocs. The best removal efficiency for lead ions is 97% at the following operating conditions; HRT is 45 min, applied voltage 10 V, and rotational speed 100 rpm at distance between the electrode is 2.3 cm while initial lead ion concentration 200 mg/L, current density is 4 mA/cm² and pH solution is 7.

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One of the most significant challenges facing environmentalist worldwide is the treatment and recovery of substances in aquatic environments. In this present, the transport of Fe(III) ions across a flat sheet supported liquid membrane immersed in Cyanex 923 as an extractant was predicted using a mathematical modeling. In order to establish certain fundamental parameters of the mathematical assessment for the mass transfer procedure, solvent extraction experiments were conducted on ferric ions under a variety of experimental conditions. The development of models is regulated by Fick’s law of diffusion, which makes it easier for metal ions to diffuse across supported liquid membranes. It has been expected that a number of factors, including feed acidity and variations in ligand concentration, will have an effect on the transport rate of ferric ions.