Development of a video-based test for assessing decision-making proficiency in football referees

Recep Fatih Kayhan, Ali Kizile, Tuba Kizilet
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable video-based test to analyze the decision-making performance of Turkish football referees. Twenty-two divisional and fifteen local football referees affiliated to the Turkish Football Federation participated in the study. Using SuperLab 5 software and a Cedrus response pad, a test consisting of 20 video clips to be answered as yellow card, red card, and no card was designed. The referees watched the video clips in sequence and made a decision by pressing the button assigned for the decision of their choice. After each decision, the next video automatically appeared on the screen. The protocol was repeated at 10-day intervals for validity and reliability analyses. Content validity and construct validity were used for validity. Cohen’s kappa statistic and intraclass correlation coefficient were used for reliability. Expert referees confirmed content validity by assessing the degree to which the video clips reflected actual match conditions (CVR > 0.80). Difference analysis results showed that the test was able to discriminate the performance of the referees according to their level of performance, thus establishing construct validity ( p < 0.05). High Cohen kappa values indicated that the video clips were reliable ( K = 0.84). High ICC values indicated that the scoring scale was reliable and consistently assessed the decision-making performance of the referees (ICC = between 0.81 and 0.95; CV = between 0.74 and 4.49; MDC = between 0.02 and 1.45; SEM = between 0.01 and 0.52). In conclusion, the fact that the video-based decision-making test meets the validity and reliability criteria shows that the decision-making performance of the referees can be measured accurately and consistently.
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开发用于评估足球裁判员决策能力的视频测试
本研究旨在开发一种有效可靠的视频测试,用于分析土耳其足球裁判的决策表现。隶属于土耳其足协的 22 名分区足球裁判和 15 名地方足球裁判参与了这项研究。研究人员使用 SuperLab 5 软件和 Cedrus 答题板,设计了一个由 20 个视频片段组成的测试,要求回答 "黄牌"、"红牌 "和 "无牌"。裁判员依次观看视频片段,并按下指定的按钮做出决定。每次做出决定后,屏幕上会自动出现下一段视频。每隔 10 天重复该程序,以进行效度和信度分析。效度分析采用了内容效度和结构效度。信度采用科恩卡帕统计量和类内相关系数。专家裁判通过评估视频片段反映实际比赛情况的程度(CVR > 0.80)确认了内容效度。差异分析结果表明,该测试能够根据裁判员的水平来区分他们的表现,从而确立了建构效度(p < 0.05)。高 Cohen kappa 值表明视频片段是可靠的 ( K = 0.84)。较高的 ICC 值表明评分量表是可靠的,并能一致地评估裁判员的决策表现(ICC = 0.81 至 0.95;CV = 0.74 至 4.49;MDC = 0.02 至 1.45;SEM = 0.01 至 0.52)。总之,基于视频的决策测试符合效度和信度标准,这表明裁判员的决策表现可以得到准确一致的测量。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
20.00%
发文量
51
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology covers the development of novel sports apparel, footwear, and equipment; and the materials, instrumentation, and processes that make advances in sports possible.
期刊最新文献
Effects of training repetition on young footballers’ tactical and physical performances: free and conditioned large-sided games A single trunk-mounted wearable sensor to measure motor performance in triathletes during competition The effectiveness of chalk as a friction modifier for finger pad contact with rocks of varying roughness In-plane density gradation of shoe midsoles for optimal energy absorption performance Development of a video-based test for assessing decision-making proficiency in football referees
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