Preliminary Study of Stone Sawing Sludges-based Alkali Activated Materials (AAMs) for the Conservation of Archaeological Ceramics

IF 2.3 2区地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geoheritage Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1007/s12371-024-01010-3

Silvia Portale, Margrethe Felter, Angeliki Zisi, Calin Constantin Steindal, Lavinia de Ferri, Paolo Mazzoleni, Germana Barone

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Abstract

This paper presents research into the feasibility of using stone sawing sludge-based Alkali Activated Materials (AAMs) for conservation of Cultural Heritage. Sawing sludges are a stone processing waste product resulting from the mixing of rock powder with the water used to cool down the cutting blades. The chemical composition of the sawing sludges, when aluminosilicatic, is suitable for acting as a precursor to produce AAMs. AAMs are known for their low environmental impact and versatility since their existence is drawn from recycling waste materials. One of their possible applications is in the conservation of Cultural Heritage objects. This work presents a preliminary investigation into three sawing sludge-based AAMs with different mineralogical compositions and contributes to formulating guidelines for applying them as fillers on modern and archaeological ceramic pottery based on the evaluation of their workability, appearance and physical properties over time from the moment of application and up to 30 days. Dynamic Vapor Sorption and X-Ray Diffraction results provided an overview of the structural and mineralogical changes under high RH conditions, where the tested AAMs showed a type II isotherm curve, as expected for concrete-like materials, as well as disappearance of thermonatrite after one isothermal cycle. Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test demonstrated the general homogeneity of the AAMs despite the lower velocity exhibited by one of the formulations, probably due to its internal pore distribution and possible presence of microstratification. The Oddy tests, application tests and colourimetric measurements evidenced the advantages and weaknesses of the AAMs, with overall encouraging results ensuing investment in further in-depth studies of these innovative conservation materials in view of their future use in the field of conservation of Cultural Heritage as a result of a circular economy model.

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基于石材锯切淤泥的碱活性材料（AAMs）用于考古陶瓷保护的初步研究

本文介绍了利用基于石材锯泥的碱活性材料（AAMs）保护文化遗产的可行性研究。锯泥是石材加工过程中产生的一种废品，是将石粉与冷却切割刀片的水混合后产生的。锯泥的化学成分为硅酸铝，适合用作生产 AAM 的前体。AAM 因其对环境影响小和用途广泛而闻名，因为其存在的基础是废料的回收利用。其可能的应用之一是保护文化遗产。本研究对三种不同矿物成分的锯泥基 AAM 进行了初步调查，并根据对其从使用到 30 天内的可加工性、外观和物理性质的评估，制定了将其用作现代和考古陶器填料的指导原则。动态蒸汽吸附和 X 射线衍射结果提供了在高相对湿度条件下结构和矿物学变化的概况，测试的 AAMs 显示出混凝土类材料预期的 II 型等温线曲线，并且在一个等温循环后热变质消失。超声波脉冲速度测试表明，尽管其中一种配方的速度较低，但 AAMs 的总体均匀性很好，这可能是由于其内部孔隙分布和可能存在的微层化造成的。Oddy 试验、应用试验和比色测量证明了 AAMs 的优点和缺点，总体结果令人鼓舞，因此需要对这些创新保护材料进行进一步的深入研究，以便将来在文化遗产保护领域作为循环经济模式的结果加以使用。

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来源期刊

Geoheritage GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-

CiteScore

5.10

自引率

34.50%

发文量

107

期刊介绍： The Geoheritage journal is an international journal dedicated to discussing all aspects of our global geoheritage, both in situ and portable. The journal will invite all contributions on the conservation of sites and materials - use, protection and practical heritage management - as well as its interpretation through education, training and tourism. The journal wishes to cover all aspects of geoheritage and its protection. Key topics are: - Identification, characterisation, quantification and management of geoheritage; - Geodiversity and geosites; - On-site science, geological and geomorphological research: - Global scientific heritage - key scientific geosites, GSSPs, stratotype conservation and management; - Scientific research and education, and the promotion of the geosciences thereby; - Conventions, statute and legal instruments, national and international; - Integration of biodiversity and geodiversity in nature conservation and land-use policies; - Geological heritage and Environmental Impact Assessment studies; - Geological heritage, sustainable development, community action, practical initiatives and tourism; - Geoparks: creation, management and outputs; - Conservation in the natural world, Man-made and natural impacts, climate change; - Geotourism definitions, methodologies, and case studies; - International mechanisms for conservation and popularisation - World Heritage Sites, National Parks etc.; - Materials, data and people important in the history of science, museums, collections and all portable geoheritage; - Education and training of geoheritage specialists; - Pedagogical use of geological heritage - publications, teaching media, trails, centres, on-site museums; - Linking the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development (2005- 2014) with geoconservation.