{"title":"Importance of V4+ and optimal acid environment in the hydroxylation of inert benzene via activation of Csp2-H bond","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2024.06.021","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydroxylation of inert benzene through the activation of the C<sub>sp2</sub>-H bond is a representative reaction about the transformation of C–H bonds to C–O bonds, which has far-reaching guiding significance but remains a challenging scientific problem. To overcome this problem, a series of VO<sub><em>x</em></sub>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> were prepared to achieve an efficient and economical hydroxylation path of benzene to phenol. The results showed that the phenol yield was 72.89% (selectivity > 98.1%) under the optimum conditions. The reason is that the C–H bond in the benzene ring is activated by heterolysis over a VO<sub><em>x</em></sub>-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst. Meanwhile, the introduction of aluminum (Al) and gallium (Ga) made a qualitative change in the catalyst, enhancing the electron motion and spin motion of vanadium species, resulting in the increase of V<sup>4+</sup>/V<sup>5+</sup> ratio. In addition, the catalyst can provide an optimal acidic environment and a three-dimensional cross-linked surface structure that facilitates product diffusion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1004954124002544","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Hydroxylation of inert benzene through the activation of the Csp2-H bond is a representative reaction about the transformation of C–H bonds to C–O bonds, which has far-reaching guiding significance but remains a challenging scientific problem. To overcome this problem, a series of VOx-Ga2O3/SiO2–Al2O3 were prepared to achieve an efficient and economical hydroxylation path of benzene to phenol. The results showed that the phenol yield was 72.89% (selectivity > 98.1%) under the optimum conditions. The reason is that the C–H bond in the benzene ring is activated by heterolysis over a VOx-Ga2O3/SiO2–Al2O3 catalyst. Meanwhile, the introduction of aluminum (Al) and gallium (Ga) made a qualitative change in the catalyst, enhancing the electron motion and spin motion of vanadium species, resulting in the increase of V4+/V5+ ratio. In addition, the catalyst can provide an optimal acidic environment and a three-dimensional cross-linked surface structure that facilitates product diffusion.
期刊介绍:
The Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering (Monthly, started in 1982) is the official journal of the Chemical Industry and Engineering Society of China and published by the Chemical Industry Press Co. Ltd. The aim of the journal is to develop the international exchange of scientific and technical information in the field of chemical engineering. It publishes original research papers that cover the major advancements and achievements in chemical engineering in China as well as some articles from overseas contributors.
The topics of journal include chemical engineering, chemical technology, biochemical engineering, energy and environmental engineering and other relevant fields. Papers are published on the basis of their relevance to theoretical research, practical application or potential uses in the industry as Research Papers, Communications, Reviews and Perspectives. Prominent domestic and overseas chemical experts and scholars have been invited to form an International Advisory Board and the Editorial Committee. It enjoys recognition among Chinese academia and industry as a reliable source of information of what is going on in chemical engineering research, both domestic and abroad.