Fabrication and evaluation of PVDF membranes modified with cellulose and cellulose esters from peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) shell for application in methylene blue filtration

Q3 Materials Science JCIS open Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.jciso.2024.100123

Elyna Wahyu Trisnawati, Venty Suryanti, Edi Pramono

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Abstract

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane is frequently employed for filtration due to its excellent properties. The hydrophobicity of PVDF membrane causes easy fouling; therefore, hydrophilic polymer materials are required to increase hydrophilicity. This study applies cellulose and cellulose esters as fillers for PVDF membranes to solve the fouling problem. Cellulose esters, such as cellulose acetate (PSCA), cellulose benzoate (PSCB), and cellulose citrate (PSCC), were successfully synthesized from peanut shell cellulose (PSC) using Fischer and non-Fischer reactions. The phase inversion method was successfully used to fabricate PVDF membranes with cellulose or cellulose esters as fillers. The fabricated membranes have been applied for methylene blue (MB) filtration. Adding PSC fillers improved the hydrophilicity and performance of the PVDF membranes up to 23.49 ± 2.40 L m⁻² h⁻¹ for water flux and 95.75 ± 0.78 % for rejection of MB. Regarding cellulose esters, cellulose acetate gave the highest value of 77.63 L m⁻² h⁻¹ for water flux, and cellulose citrate gave the highest value of 86.88 ± 3.54 % for MB rejection. Hence, cellulose or cellulose esters from peanut shells are suitable fillers for MB filtration in PVDF membranes.

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用花生（Arachis hypogea L.）壳中的纤维素和纤维素酯改性的聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜在亚甲蓝过滤中的应用的制作和评估

聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）膜因其优异的性能而经常被用于过滤。PVDF 膜的疏水性容易造成污垢，因此需要亲水性聚合物材料来增加亲水性。本研究将纤维素和纤维素酯作为 PVDF 膜的填料，以解决污垢问题。利用费歇尔和非费歇尔反应从花生壳纤维素（PSC）成功合成了纤维素酯，如醋酸纤维素（PSCA）、苯甲酸纤维素（PSCB）和柠檬酸纤维素（PSCC）。相反转法成功用于制造以纤维素或纤维素酯为填料的 PVDF 膜。制成的膜已用于亚甲基蓝（MB）过滤。添加 PSC 填料改善了 PVDF 膜的亲水性和性能，水通量可达 23.49 ± 2.40 L m-2 h-1，甲基溴去除率为 95.75 ± 0.78%。关于纤维素酯，醋酸纤维素的水通量最高，为 77.63 L m-2 h-1，柠檬酸纤维素的甲基溴去除率最高，为 86.88 ± 3.54 %。因此，来自花生壳的纤维素或纤维素酯是 PVDF 膜进行甲基溴过滤的合适填料。

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