From protagonist to laggard, from pariah to phoenix: Emergence, decline, and re-emergence of Brazilian climate change policy, 2003–2023

IF 0.8 Q3 POLITICAL SCIENCE Latin American Policy Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI:10.1111/lamp.12356
Joana Castro Pereira, Eduardo Viola
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Abstract

Brazil is a major greenhouse gas emitter and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Amazonian deforestation control 2005–2012 and a comprehensive national climate change adaptation plan in 2016 created opportunities for consistent climate action. Yet, subsequent administrations reversed this progress, turning the country into a laggard. President Lula is reviving the national climate agenda. In this article, we use the traditional framework of interests, institutions, and ideas to examine Brazilian climate politics and policies of the past decade, focusing on the country's major emitting sectors and adaptation plans. We identify the factors that hindered the achievement of Brazil's climate goals from the early 2010s to 2022 and investigate Lula's new mandate. Brazil currently shows renewed proclimate momentum, especially in Amazon deforestation control, but hurdles persist, including resistance from Congress, fossil fuel focus, financial frailties, and an uncertain foreign policy.

巴西是温室气体排放大国,极易受到气候变化的影响。2005年至2012年亚马逊森林砍伐控制和2016年全面的国家气候变化适应计划为持续的气候行动创造了机会。然而,随后的政府扭转了这一进展,使该国成为落后者。卢拉总统正在重振国家气候议程。本文中,我们使用关于利益、制度和思想的传统框架来分析过去十年巴西的气候政治和政策,聚焦于该国的主要排放部门和适应计划。我们识别了从2010年代初到2022年间巴西实现气候目标的阻碍因素,并调查了卢拉的新授权。巴西目前显示出新的气候支持势头,尤其是在亚马逊森林砍伐控制方面,但障碍仍然存在,包括国会的阻力、对化石燃料的关注、财政脆弱性、以及不确定的外交政策。

Brasil es un importante emisor de gases de efecto invernadero y altamente vulnerable al cambio climático. El control de la deforestación amazónica entre 2005 y 2012, junto con un plan nacional integral de adaptación al cambio climático en 2016, creó oportunidades para una acción climática coherente. Sin embargo, las administraciones posteriores revirtieron estos avances, convirtiendo al país en un rezagado. El presidente Lula está revitalizando la agenda climática nacional. En este artículo, utilizamos el marco tradicional de intereses, instituciones e ideas para examinar la política y las políticas climáticas de Brasil en la última década, enfocándonos en los principales sectores emisores del país y en el plan de adaptación. Identificamos los factores que obstaculizaron el logro de los objetivos climáticos de Brasil desde principios de la década de 2010 hasta 2022 e investigamos el nuevo mandato de Lula. Actualmente, Brasil muestra un renovado impulso pro-climático, especialmente en el control de la deforestación amazónica, pero persisten obstáculos, como la resistencia del Congreso, la prioridad en los combustibles fósiles, las debilidades financieras y una política exterior incierta.

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从主角到落后者,从贱民到凤凰:2003-2023 年巴西气候变化政策的兴起、衰落和再兴起
巴西是温室气体排放大国,极易受到气候变化的影响。2005-2012 年亚马逊森林砍伐得到控制,2016 年制定了全面的国家气候变化适应计划,这些都为采取一致的气候行动创造了机会。然而,随后的几届政府逆转了这一进展,使巴西变成了一个落后国家。卢拉总统正在重振国家气候议程。在本文中,我们使用利益、制度和观念的传统框架来审视巴西过去十年的气候政治和政策,重点关注该国的主要排放部门和适应计划。我们指出了从 2010 年代初到 2022 年阻碍巴西实现气候目标的因素,并对卢拉的新任务进行了调查。巴西目前显示出新的气候发展势头,尤其是在控制亚马逊森林砍伐方面,但障碍依然存在,包括来自国会的阻力、对化石燃料的关注、财政薄弱以及外交政策的不确定性。巴西是温室气体排放大国,极易受到气候变化的影响。2005年至2012年亚马逊森林砍伐控制和2016年全面的国家气候变化适应计划为持续的气候行动创造了机会。然而,随后的政府扭转了这一进展,使该国成为落后者。亚马逊森林砍伐控制方面,但障碍仍然存在,包括国会的阻力、对化石燃料的关注、脆弱性财政、以及不确定的外交政策。2005 年至 2012 年间,亚马逊森林砍伐得到控制,2016 年又出台了一项全面的国家气候变化适应计划,为采取协调一致的气候行动创造了机会。然而,随后的几届政府逆转了这些进展,使该国成为一个落后国家。卢拉总统正在重振国家气候议程。在本文中,我们使用利益、机构和理念的传统框架来审视巴西过去十年的气候政策和政治,重点关注该国的主要排放部门和适应计划。我们指出了从 2010 年代初到 2022 年阻碍巴西实现气候目标的因素,并对卢拉的新任务进行了调查。巴西现在重新展现出支持气候的势头,尤其是在控制亚马逊森林砍伐方面,但障碍依然存在,包括国会的阻力、化石燃料的优先地位、财政薄弱以及外交政策的不确定性。
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来源期刊
Latin American Policy
Latin American Policy POLITICAL SCIENCE-
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
20.00%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: Latin American Policy (LAP): A Journal of Politics and Governance in a Changing Region, a collaboration of the Policy Studies Organization and the Escuela de Gobierno y Transformación Pública, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Santa Fe Campus, published its first issue in mid-2010. LAP’s primary focus is intended to be in the policy arena, and will focus on any issue or field involving authority and polities (although not necessarily clustered on governments), agency (either governmental or from the civil society, or both), and the pursuit/achievement of specific (or anticipated) outcomes. We invite authors to focus on any crosscutting issue situated in the interface between the policy and political domain concerning or affecting any Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) country or group of countries. This journal will remain open to multidisciplinary approaches dealing with policy issues and the political contexts in which they take place.
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