Effects of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitism on the feeding preference and performance of the whitefly predator Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
{"title":"Effects of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) parasitism on the feeding preference and performance of the whitefly predator Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106959","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship among the whitefly <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), its predator <em>Serangium japonicum</em> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and its parasitoid <em>Encarsia formosa</em> (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) can be defined as intraguild predation (IGP). IGP represents an interaction that combines elements of both predation and competition between two species. In our previous study, predators (<em>S. japonicum</em>) often indirectly reduce the number of parasitoids (<em>E. formosa</em>) by consuming shared food resources, such as <em>B. tabaci</em>. To suppress whitefly outbreaks, a combination of parasitoids and predators is often released together using a mixed-species approach. However, the impact of the parasitic behavior of parasitoids on the feeding behavior of specific predators, such as <em>S. japonicum</em>, has not yet been well-studied. We conducted a laboratory study to examine how the parasitoid <em>E. formosa</em> affects the predation rates and performance of <em>S. japonicum</em>. Results indicate that <em>S. japonicum</em> shows a preference for non-parasitized whiteflies over parasitized ones, regardless of the availability of choices. Furthermore, we found a correlation between the preference for non-parasitized whiteflies and the duration of parasitization. As the developmental days of the parasitoid mummies increased, the food intake of the predatory group decreased significantly. Additionally, as the parasitoid mummy develops, <em>S. japonicum</em> spends more time exploring and probing the mummy before deciding whether to consume it. In summary, our study suggests that <em>S. japonicum</em> exhibits a significant preference for consuming non-parasitized whiteflies. Therefore, it is important to coordinate the release timing of <em>S. japonicum</em> and <em>E. formosa</em> in the biological control of <em>B. tabaci</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Crop Protection","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261219424003879","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The relationship among the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), its predator Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and its parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) can be defined as intraguild predation (IGP). IGP represents an interaction that combines elements of both predation and competition between two species. In our previous study, predators (S. japonicum) often indirectly reduce the number of parasitoids (E. formosa) by consuming shared food resources, such as B. tabaci. To suppress whitefly outbreaks, a combination of parasitoids and predators is often released together using a mixed-species approach. However, the impact of the parasitic behavior of parasitoids on the feeding behavior of specific predators, such as S. japonicum, has not yet been well-studied. We conducted a laboratory study to examine how the parasitoid E. formosa affects the predation rates and performance of S. japonicum. Results indicate that S. japonicum shows a preference for non-parasitized whiteflies over parasitized ones, regardless of the availability of choices. Furthermore, we found a correlation between the preference for non-parasitized whiteflies and the duration of parasitization. As the developmental days of the parasitoid mummies increased, the food intake of the predatory group decreased significantly. Additionally, as the parasitoid mummy develops, S. japonicum spends more time exploring and probing the mummy before deciding whether to consume it. In summary, our study suggests that S. japonicum exhibits a significant preference for consuming non-parasitized whiteflies. Therefore, it is important to coordinate the release timing of S. japonicum and E. formosa in the biological control of B. tabaci.
期刊介绍:
The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics:
-Abiotic damage-
Agronomic control methods-
Assessment of pest and disease damage-
Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases-
Biological control-
Biorational pesticides-
Control of animal pests of world crops-
Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms-
Control of weeds and integrated management-
Economic considerations-
Effects of plant growth regulators-
Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use-
Environmental effects of pesticides-
Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control-
GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications-
Importance and control of postharvest crop losses-
Integrated control-
Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies-
Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection-
Pesticide application methods-
Pest management-
Phytobiomes for pest and disease control-
Resistance management-
Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.