Crop Protection最新文献

{"title":"Selectivity of pre-emergent herbicides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and its relationship with the stem cutting planting system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cassava (<em>Manihot esculenta</em> Crantz, Euphorbiaceae), an important source of food for millions of people in the world, is distributed mainly in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Weeds are important biotic constraints on cassava production, and herbicide application can provide effective weed control in this crop. However, the different possibilities of herbicide selectivity (factors associated and not associated with the plants) must be studied before implementation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of different pre-emergence herbicides and two stem cutting planting systems (vertical and horizontal) on phytotoxicity and several agronomic traits of the cassava crop. The experiment was conducted through a factorial arrangement in a completely random design in Corrientes, Argentina. The factors studied were planting systems (horizontal and vertical position), weed control methods (hoeing or application of diuron, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin or clomazone, 625; 1920; 900 and 1000 g a.i. ha⁻¹, respectively), and cropping seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020). The following variables were measured: phytotoxicity, plant height, relative plant stand, total weight of tuberous roots per plant, starch concentration of tuberous roots, and starch production per ha. The highest precipitations occurred in the 2018–2019 cropping season. The vertical planting system in combination with herbicides showed lower phytotoxicity values and higher values of plant height, starch concentration, and starch production per ha than the horizontal planting system. The highest phytotoxicity values were recorded with the application of diuron combined with the horizontal planting system and in the 2018–2019 season, with a 33.33% decrease in relative plant stand compared to the use of hoeing. Starch concentration remained unchanged with the use of clomazone and pendimethalin, whereas the effect of these herbicides on starch production varied with the cropping season, decreasing only in 2019–2020. Starch production was significantly lower with the use of S-metolachlor (up to 55.29% in 2018–2019) and of diuron (up to 60.57% in 2019–2020) than with the use of hoeing. In conclusion, phytotoxicity values were higher for the horizontal planting system than for the vertical system. The herbicide with the highest phytotoxic effect on the cassava crop was diuron; the effect increased when combined with the horizontal planting system in the cropping season with higher rainfall. This work provides the basis for integrated weed management concerning the use of herbicides and their selectivity according to planting systems for cassava crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable management of blister and grey blight diseases of tea using antagonistic and plant growth promoting microbes in Western Ghats of India","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The blister and grey blights are the devastating leaf diseases in tea. The severity of blister and grey blight diseases in tea ranged from 22% to 68% and 11.41%–57.02%, respectively in a survey conducted in Southern India during 2022–2023. The morphological and molecular identifications of pathogens revealed that <em>Exobasidium vexans</em> and <em>Neopestalotiopsis clavispora</em> were responsible for causing blister and grey blights on tea in southern India. The conventional management strategy with foliar spray of synthetic fungicides result in fungicidal residue in tea causes environmental pollution and health hazards to human. To overcome this the current study aims to manage the blister and grey blight diseases of tea through the microbial biocontrol agents. The bacterial biocontrol agents <em>viz., Bacillus subtilis</em> (BBV57), <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> (TNAU), <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> (Pf1) and the fungal antagonist, <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em> (TV 1) were evaluated for their efficacy against the both blight diseases. All the bio agents have significantly reduced the basidiospore germination and the mycelial growth of <em>E. vexans</em> and <em>N. clavispora,</em> respectively. Among the bio agents, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> registered 88.36% reduction in the germination of <em>E. vexans</em> basidiospore and 85.56% of mycelial growth reduction of <em>N. clavispora in vitro</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Under field conditions the combined soil and foliar application of bacterial antagonists <em>viz</em>., <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>P. fluorescens</em> each with 1 _˟ 10¹¹ CFU/ml <em>@</em> 5% concentration at 7 days interval significantly reduced the blister blight incidence with 53.53% &amp; 51.53% reduction over control and 51.53% &amp; 43.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. The combined application also reduced the grey blight incidence with 53.53% &amp; 52.00% reduction over control and 56.81% &amp; 47.65% of reduction over initial during first and second year, respectively. This treatments with bioagents were almost comparable with synthetic treatments, such as copper oxy chloride (0.25%) and hexaconazole (0.25%) with 64.63% and 64.76% reduction of blister and grey blight reduction in first year; 59.74%, 51.11% reduction in second year over control (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), respectively. Thus, the application of <em>B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>P. fluorescens</em> can be recommended for the sustainable management of tea blister and grey blight diseases in tea gardens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium graminearum causes leaf spot disease in Nicandra physalodes in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Nicandra physalodes</em> is an annual herbaceous plant that belongs to the Solanaceae family. Though native to South America, it is now extensively cultivated in China for medicinal and ornamental purposes. In traditional Chinese medicine, various parts of the plant are used for their therapeutic properties such as sedatives, expectorants, antipyretics, and antidotes. Furthermore, <em>N. physalodes</em> is considered an edible plant, and its seeds contain pectin, which is used in food production. However, recent observations in Hezhang county, Guizhou province, revealed a prevalent leaf spot disease affecting <em>N. physalodes</em>, leading to a decreased yield. In this study, morphological and molecular analyses, pathogenicity assays, and Koch's postulates were used to identify the fungal pathogens responsible for leaf spot disease in <em>N. physalodes</em>. <em>Fusarium graminearum</em> was confirmed as the causative agent based on morphological and molecular analyses, pathogenicity assays, and Koch's postulates, and this represents the first documented case of <em>F. graminearum</em> infection in <em>N. physalodes</em>. These findings underscore the importance of disease management strategies to mitigate the impact of leaf spot disease on the yield of this valuable medicinal plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of endemic entomopathogenic nematodes for managing Colorado potato beetle and tuber-damaging pests in potato","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Colorado potato beetle, <em>Leptinotarsa decemlineata</em>, wireworms and white grubs are important pests of potato that are challenging to manage. This study evaluated three endemic entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (<em>Steinernema carpocapsae</em> ‘NY01’, <em>S. feltiae</em> ‘NY04’, and <em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em> ‘Oswego’) as biocontrol agents against <em>L. decemlineata</em>, wireworms and white grubs in New York. The efficacy of individual EPN species and their combinations on <em>L. decemlineata</em> larval mortality was assessed via soil-based bioassays in the laboratory. Additionally, <em>L. decemlineata</em> survival and percentage of tubers damaged by wireworms and white grubs were evaluated in field trials in which combinations of pairs of EPN species were applied to the soil at least one month prior to initiating the experiment. Results from bioassays indicated that among the three EPN species, <em>L. decemlineata</em> late instars were most susceptible to <em>H</em>. <em>bacteriophora</em> ‘Oswego’. Additionally, larval mortality was generally higher (14% on average) using pairs of EPN species compared to single species. Soil applications of pairs of EPN species prior to potato planting did not affect <em>L. decemlineata</em> adult survival either during the summer or following spring. However, tuber damage caused by wireworms and white grubs was reduced by 40% using a combination of <em>H</em>. <em>bacteriophora</em> ‘Oswego’ and <em>S</em>. <em>feltiae</em> ‘NY04’. Overall, EPNs applied in soil have potential as biocontrol agents for soil-dwelling pests like wireworms and white grubs in potato, and their efficacy also may extend beyond a single cropping season, but do not seem to be an effective tool for <em>L. decemlineata</em> management in potato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthranilic diamide compatibility with the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae): Based on Toxicity, Two-sex life table and ecological parameters","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Egg parasitoid wasps of genus <em>Trichogramma</em> Westwood are effective natural enemies of lepidopteran pests in various crops. However, the efficacy of <em>Trichogramma</em> parasitoids is adversely affected by insecticides applied in the field to manage these lepidopteran pests. To overcome this problem efficiently, there is an urgent need to incorporate insecticide-resistant <em>Trichogramma</em> strains into integrated pest management (IPM) programs. This study assessed the potential of <em>Trichogramma chilonis</em> Ishii to develop chlorantraniliprole resistance and characterized resistance associated fitness costs and stability. Toxicity bioassays were performed on <em>T. chilonis</em> using a dry film residue method. After 39 selections, a 573.64-fold level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole was developed in the resistant strain of <em>T. chilonis</em> (Chlr-R) when compared with a chlorantraniliprole susceptible strain (Chlr-S). Chlorantraniliprole resistance in Chlr-R resulted in a female biased sex-ratio and significantly increased the total life span and longevity of the adult female when compared to the Chlr-S strain. Based on age-stage, two-sex life table all the demographic parameters of Chlr-R increased significantly. These results indicate that <em>T. chiloni</em>s can be mass reared and selected for chlorantraniliprole resistance under laboratory conditions, is an important step to improve the in field-based effectiveness and integration of these wasps with chemical control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold storage of Aphidoletes aphidimyza can extend offspring larval development period and improve its predation ability","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aphidoletes aphidimyza</em> (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) is widely used in aphid biological control, and low-temperature storage helps expand its population. Nonetheless, low-temperature effects on <em>A. aphidimyza</em> are unknown. <em>A</em>. <em>aphidimyza</em> pupae were exposed to three cold storage methods lasting 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively: storing at 7 °C for 4 h then 5 °C for 20 h (T1); storing at 9 °C for 4 h then 5 °C for 20 h (T2); and storing at 5 °C for 24 h (T3). The emergence rate under variable low-temperature storage (T1: 81.98%; T2: 81.28%) was significantly higher than that under constant low-temperature storage (T3: 74.98%). Additionally, the emergence rate decreased markedly with prolonged refrigeration time. Egg production at all three refrigeration temperatures declined significantly compared to the control treatment. It is noteworthy that low-temperature storage can significantly prolong the development time of offspring larvae without affecting the overall developmental period of the offspring. After comparing the content of cold-resistant substances in pupae under different low-temperature storage, the total sugar, glycerol, and trehalose increased with an extended storage time. The lifetime feeding capacity of <em>A. aphidimyza</em> offspring larvae on <em>Myzus persicae</em> (Sulzer) improved after cold storage. The functional response curve was aligned with the Holling Ⅱ model. Compared to the control treatment, both T1, T2, and T3 improved the search ability of 3rd-instar larvae in the offspring after 20 and 30 days of refrigeration. Our study indicated that cold storage of <em>A. aphidimyza</em> can extend offspring larval development period and improve its predation ability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Colletotrichum siamense and C. tropicale causing anthracnose of Syngonium podophyllum in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthracnose caused by <em>Colletotrichum</em> genus is an important disease of plants in the world. <em>Syngonium podophyllum</em> is a foliage plant in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. In September 2023, serious symptoms of anthracnose were observed on the leaves of <em>S. podophyllum</em> at a park in Haikou City, China, most of the leaves turn yellow to brown and wither, greatly affecting the ornamental value. <em>Colletotrichum siamense</em> and <em>C. tropicale</em> were identified as pathogens by morphological characterization, phylogenetic analysis using ITS region, <em>GAPDH</em>, <em>ACT</em> and <em>TUB2</em> sequences and pathogenicity tests. This is the first report of <em>C. siamense</em> and <em>C. tropicale</em> causing anthracnose of <em>S. podophyllum</em> in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing severe anthracnose on Parthenocissus tricuspidata in China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Parthenocissus tricuspidata</em> is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant. However, severe anthracnose on their leaves has been observed indicating over 80% infection in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. The purpose of this study was to characterize the disease causal agent. <em>Colletotrichum</em>-like fungal strains were isolated from the diseased spots. On MEA, the fungal colony appeared white with abundant and dense aerial mycelia. The selected isolates were identified as <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> and <em>C. siamense</em>the using multi-gene (ITS, <em>ACT</em>, <em>CAL</em>, <em>GAPDH</em> and <em>TUB2</em>) sequence phylogenetic analysis combined with morphological characteristicsPathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating conidial suspensions on healthy <em>P. tricuspidata</em> leaves, followed by re-isolation and characterization to fulfill the Koch's postulates. This represents the first report that <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> causes anthracnose on <em>P. tricuspidata</em> in China. The potential impact of the disease deserves further investigation considering its high occurrence for sustainable management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competitiveness of chia against brassica weeds improves through a narrow spatial arrangement","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chia (<em>Salvia hispanica</em> L.) is a promising crop valued as a sustainable source of omega-3. However, chia yield and quality are reduced because of weed competition and the lack of registered herbicides. This study evaluated how chia spatial arrangement suppresses weed growth and provided management options for this crop. The performance of chia plants was assessed over three growing seasons in field experiments using a factorial design that considered spatial arrangement (narrow and wide), weed management (control without weeds, soil bank brassica (<em>Brassica rapa</em> L.), and sown brassica), and cover crop (with or without a rye (<em>Secale cereale</em> L.) cover crop during chia fallow). Chia and brassica are not complementary, leading to resource competition (relative yield total around 1) and negative effects on each other. A significant decrease in chia grain yield of 0.9% per unit increase in the percentage of weeds in total biomass was observed. As chia had a competitive advantage over brassica, the grain yield reduction was ameliorated with a narrow spatial arrangement. Narrow spatial arrangement promotes faster canopy closure during the early growth stages, decreasing light penetration and suppressing weed growth. The high extinction coefficient of chia (0.91) and the low critical LAI (3.3) contributed to this light interception behavior. Accordingly, to maximize chia productivity and profitability, a narrow spatial arrangement is an effective management strategy to suppress weeds. This study contributes valuable insights into chia-weed interactions and emphasizes the importance of sustainable crop management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of novel target genes for RNAi mediated management of the pest, Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda, J. E. Smith)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA interference (RNAi) of vital insect genes is a potential tool for targeted pest management. However, the selection of the right target genes and its dsRNA delivery method is also a challenge because the RNAi efficacy is known to vary among insect species. Fall Armyworm (FAW; <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>) is a polyphagous generalist insect pest that can feed on more than 100 plant species, with a strong preference for maize. In the present study, we evaluated the RNAi efficiency of three vital genes coding for <em>Coatomer Subunit alpha</em> (<em>COPIα</em>), <em>Coatomer Subunit beta</em> (<em>COPIβ</em>) and <em>Glutathione-S-transferase U1</em> (<em>GSTU1</em>) as potential targets for managing FAW. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the target genes' expression level reduced to 75–80% in FAW larvae, after their continuous oral delivery through diet for 8 days. It also caused significant mortality in larvae (40–50%) and pupae (40–62%), and resulted in deformed intermediates (28–38%) and adults (25–40%). It also affected reproduction as evidenced by an approximately 50% reduction in oviposition. Moreover, exogenous application of dsRNA in maize leaves resulted in significant feeding deterrence by FAW larvae, which enhanced the frequency of cannibalism. The impact of target genes’ dsRNA on the biology and behaviour of FAW suggests their insecticidal potential. Thus, the current study reveals the novel target genes and their utility in RNA based pesticides for sustainable management of FAW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}