Pub Date : 2024-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107036
Antía Gómez-Armesto, Laura Meno, Servando Álvarez-Pousa, David Fernández-Calviño
Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), belonging to the genus Globodera spp., are spread worldwide constituting a problem of concern as they can cause considerable losses in crop yields. An alternative to the application of common pesticides is the use of trap crops, that promote the hatching of second-stage juvenile cysts without supporting the feeding and reproduction of these nematodes. For this purpose, in recent years, there has been growing attention to the use of Solanum sisymbriifolium as a biopesticide. In this study, we focused on looking for the best conditions to grow this trap crop under field conditions, contrary to previous studies developed in pots under controlled conditions. Various management strategies, including sowing date and depth, irrigation and soil compaction, to grow S. sisymbriifolium in acid sandy soils (pH 4.3–5.5) have been evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of S. sisymbriifolium was tested under field conditions in three PCN-infested plots. The results indicate that the best conditions for S. sisymbriifolium cropping in South Atlantic latitudes included sowing dates in July and August at 10–15 cm depth, with irrigation and soil compaction after sowing. Under these conditions, a 77%–89% decrease in PCNs was observed with a high initial number of cysts (93–160 per 100g), and even some sub-plots showed a 100% reduction when the initial number of cysts was low (15–52 per 100g). Therefore, S. sisymbriifolium could be an interesting substitute for unspecific chemical nematicides in potato crops to promote sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Development and effectivity of Solanum sisymbriifolium against potato cyst nematode under field conditions in soils from the southern atlantic area","authors":"Antía Gómez-Armesto, Laura Meno, Servando Álvarez-Pousa, David Fernández-Calviño","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107036","url":null,"abstract":"Potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), belonging to the genus <ce:italic>Globodera</ce:italic> spp., are spread worldwide constituting a problem of concern as they can cause considerable losses in crop yields. An alternative to the application of common pesticides is the use of trap crops, that promote the hatching of second-stage juvenile cysts without supporting the feeding and reproduction of these nematodes. For this purpose, in recent years, there has been growing attention to the use of <ce:italic>Solanum sisymbriifolium</ce:italic> as a biopesticide. In this study, we focused on looking for the best conditions to grow this trap crop under field conditions, contrary to previous studies developed in pots under controlled conditions. Various management strategies, including sowing date and depth, irrigation and soil compaction, to grow <ce:italic>S. sisymbriifolium</ce:italic> in acid sandy soils (pH 4.3–5.5) have been evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of <ce:italic>S. sisymbriifolium</ce:italic> was tested under field conditions in three PCN-infested plots. The results indicate that the best conditions for <ce:italic>S. sisymbriifolium</ce:italic> cropping in South Atlantic latitudes included sowing dates in July and August at 10–15 cm depth, with irrigation and soil compaction after sowing. Under these conditions, a 77%–89% decrease in PCNs was observed with a high initial number of cysts (93–160 per 100g), and even some sub-plots showed a 100% reduction when the initial number of cysts was low (15–52 per 100g). Therefore, <ce:italic>S. sisymbriifolium</ce:italic> could be an interesting substitute for unspecific chemical nematicides in potato crops to promote sustainable agriculture.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a major crop pest, common cutworm (CCW) Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) has evolved resistance to several insecticides. Cyproflanilide is a novel meta-diamide insecticide targeting the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR), and displays excellent insecticidal activity against lepidopteran pests, including CCW. Therefore, the resistance risk of CCW against cyproflanilide was assessed and the fitness cost was evaluated as well. After exposure with cyproflanilide for 10 generations (F10), the LC50 values of CCW against cyproflanilide increased 1.26 - fold. When the realized heritability (h2) to cyproflanilide in the field was assumed to be the laboratory-estimated value (h2 = 0.09) and the mortality of CCW was 50–90 %, 126–57 generations were required to obtain a 10-fold resistance against cyproflanilide. After selected with cyproflanilide for 10 generations, the egg duration, larval duration, pre-pupal duration and female pupal weight were significantly increased, but the pupal duration, pupation rate and life-cycle rate were significantly decreased. The mean generation time (T) of F10 was significantly prolonged by 4.39 days. The value of relative fitness (Rf) in F10 was 0.99. Although resistance developed slowly, the prolonged egg and larval durations have implications for managing CCW in the field. This information will contribute to identifying practices to delay the resistance development of CCW to cyproflanilide.
{"title":"Resistance risk assessment and fitness cost of cyproflanilide in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Enling Zhan, Hui Lu, Honggang Tian, Junyan Wang, Lu Xu, Chunqing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107033","url":null,"abstract":"As a major crop pest, common cutworm (CCW) <ce:italic>Spodoptera litura</ce:italic> (Fabricius) has evolved resistance to several insecticides. Cyproflanilide is a novel <ce:italic>meta</ce:italic>-diamide insecticide targeting the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAR), and displays excellent insecticidal activity against lepidopteran pests, including CCW. Therefore, the resistance risk of CCW against cyproflanilide was assessed and the fitness cost was evaluated as well. After exposure with cyproflanilide for 10 generations (F10), the LC<ce:inf loc=\"post\">50</ce:inf> values of CCW against cyproflanilide increased 1.26 - fold. When the realized heritability (<ce:italic>h</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>2</ce:italic></ce:sup>) to cyproflanilide in the field was assumed to be the laboratory-estimated value (<ce:italic>h</ce:italic><ce:sup loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>2</ce:italic></ce:sup> = 0.09) and the mortality of CCW was 50–90 %, 126–57 generations were required to obtain a 10-fold resistance against cyproflanilide. After selected with cyproflanilide for 10 generations, the egg duration, larval duration, pre-pupal duration and female pupal weight were significantly increased, but the pupal duration, pupation rate and life-cycle rate were significantly decreased. The mean generation time (<ce:italic>T</ce:italic>) of F10 was significantly prolonged by 4.39 days. The value of relative fitness (<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>f</ce:italic></ce:inf>) in F10 was 0.99. Although resistance developed slowly, the prolonged egg and larval durations have implications for managing CCW in the field. This information will contribute to identifying practices to delay the resistance development of CCW to cyproflanilide.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weeds pose a significant and fundamental challenge in agriculture, competing with crops for vital resources such as water, nutrients, and sunlight. This competition often leads to reduced crop yields and diminished quality of produce. Additionally, weeds can host pests and diseases that further harm crops, increasing the risk of infestation and reducing farm productivity. Accurate weed identification through deep learning offers a solution, enabling farmers to implement site-specific herbicide spraying, thus lowering herbicide usage and minimizing environmental impact. This study introduces a benchmark crop and weed classification dataset and evaluates seven state-of-the-art deep-learning models for weed identification. The dataset was obtained from potato fields in Punjab, India, over two consecutive growth seasons (2022 and 2023). Seven deep learning models, Convolution Neural Network (CNN)-11, CNN-14, Inceptionv3, AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet50, and the YOLOv8 were trained and tested on this dataset for potato and weed classification. Among these models, YOLOv8 emerges as the top performer, achieving flawless accuracy of 100% with 37.5 million parameters. The custom CNN-11 model, despite having the fewest parameters (2.2 million), achieves 52% accuracy, making it suitable for resource-constrained environments. ResNet50, with its residual networks, also demonstrates exceptional performance with 99% accuracy and a moderate number of parameters (23 million), which can be a significant consideration in environments with limited resources or when deploying models on edge devices. These findings guide researchers and practitioners in selecting optimal models to reduce herbicide usage, minimize environmental impact, and enhance precision agriculture practices. Ultimately, this study advances weed management strategies, supporting sustainable crop management and improving agricultural productivity.
{"title":"Analyzing the performance of deep convolutional neural network models for weed identification in potato fields","authors":"Rajni Goyal, Amar Nath, Utkarsh Niranjan, Rakesh Sharda","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107035","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds pose a significant and fundamental challenge in agriculture, competing with crops for vital resources such as water, nutrients, and sunlight. This competition often leads to reduced crop yields and diminished quality of produce. Additionally, weeds can host pests and diseases that further harm crops, increasing the risk of infestation and reducing farm productivity. Accurate weed identification through deep learning offers a solution, enabling farmers to implement site-specific herbicide spraying, thus lowering herbicide usage and minimizing environmental impact. This study introduces a benchmark crop and weed classification dataset and evaluates seven state-of-the-art deep-learning models for weed identification. The dataset was obtained from potato fields in Punjab, India, over two consecutive growth seasons (2022 and 2023). Seven deep learning models, Convolution Neural Network (CNN)-11, CNN-14, Inceptionv3, AlexNet, VGG16, ResNet50, and the YOLOv8 were trained and tested on this dataset for potato and weed classification. Among these models, YOLOv8 emerges as the top performer, achieving flawless accuracy of 100% with 37.5 million parameters. The custom CNN-11 model, despite having the fewest parameters (2.2 million), achieves 52% accuracy, making it suitable for resource-constrained environments. ResNet50, with its residual networks, also demonstrates exceptional performance with 99% accuracy and a moderate number of parameters (23 million), which can be a significant consideration in environments with limited resources or when deploying models on edge devices. These findings guide researchers and practitioners in selecting optimal models to reduce herbicide usage, minimize environmental impact, and enhance precision agriculture practices. Ultimately, this study advances weed management strategies, supporting sustainable crop management and improving agricultural productivity.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107034
Huan Xu, Zheyu Zhang, Zhaoxi Zhou, Jonathan S. West, Jiabao Wang, Xueren Cao
Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray), the king of fruits, is an edible and economically important tropical fruit endemic to Southeast Asia. Durian is affected by Colletotrichum, which is one of the most important genera of plant pathogenic fungi, especially on tropical and subtropical crops. In this study, Colletotrichum species associated with durian in Hainan (China) which was a new region for durian cultivation were studied using phylogenetic and morphological analyses. The results of molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-tubulin (TUB2) and the mating type locus MAT1-2 (ApMat) along with microscopic identification indicated that seven species from three species complexes were identified, including C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. queenslandicum and C. endophyticum from the gloeosporioides species complex; C.plurivorum and C. musicola from the orchidearum species complex, and C. gigasporum from the gigasporum species complex. Colletotrichum fructicola and C. siamense were the main Colletotrichum species associated with durian in Hainan. Pathogenicity tests showed that all seven species could infect durian leaves using a wound inoculation method but only C. fructicola, C. queenslandicum and C. endophyticum could infect using a non-wound inoculation method. The findings from this study enhance the knowledge of durian diseases and lay an essential foundation for devising effective disease management approaches. Further large-scale surveys are necessary, including sampling different sites and plant tissues, pathogenicity testing on a wider range of host genotypes and fungicide-sensitivity evaluation among and within the different Colletotrichum species collected.
水果之王榴莲（Durio zibethinus Murray）是东南亚特有的一种可食用且具有重要经济价值的热带水果。榴莲受到 Colletotrichum 的侵染，Colletotrichum 是植物病原真菌中最重要的菌属之一，尤其侵染热带和亚热带作物。本研究采用系统发育和形态学分析方法，对海南（中国）（榴莲种植的新地区）与榴莲相关的 Colletotrichum 物种进行了研究。基于内部转录隔距（ITS）、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPDH）、β-微管蛋白（TUB2）和交配型基因座 MAT1-2（ApMat）的分子鉴定结果以及显微鉴定结果表明，共鉴定出 3 个种群中的 7 个种，包括 C. fructicola、C. si.C.plurivorum和C.musicola，以及C.gigasporum。在海南，与榴莲有关的 Colletotrichum fructicola 和 C. siamense 是主要的 Colletotrichum 种类。致病性试验表明，采用伤口接种法，所有 7 个种都能感染榴莲叶片，但采用非伤口接种法，只有 C. fructicola、C. queenslandicum 和 C. endophyticum 能感染榴莲叶片。这项研究的结果增进了人们对榴莲病害的了解，为制定有效的病害管理方法奠定了重要基础。有必要开展进一步的大规模调查，包括在不同地点和植物组织取样，在更广泛的宿主基因型上进行致病性测试，以及在收集到的不同 Colletotrichum 种类之间和种类内部进行杀菌剂敏感性评估。
{"title":"Colletotrichum species associated with durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) in Hainan, China","authors":"Huan Xu, Zheyu Zhang, Zhaoxi Zhou, Jonathan S. West, Jiabao Wang, Xueren Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107034","url":null,"abstract":"Durian (<ce:italic>Durio zibethinus</ce:italic> Murray), the king of fruits, is an edible and economically important tropical fruit endemic to Southeast Asia. Durian is affected by <ce:italic>Colletotrichum</ce:italic>, which is one of the most important genera of plant pathogenic fungi, especially on tropical and subtropical crops. In this study, <ce:italic>Colletotrichum</ce:italic> species associated with durian in Hainan (China) which was a new region for durian cultivation were studied using phylogenetic and morphological analyses. The results of molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<ce:italic>GAPDH</ce:italic>), β<ce:bold>-</ce:bold>tubulin (<ce:italic>TUB2</ce:italic>) and the mating type locus MAT1-2 (<ce:italic>ApMat</ce:italic>) along with microscopic identification indicated that seven species from three species complexes were identified, including <ce:italic>C. fructicola</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>C. siamense</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>C. queenslandicum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>C. endophyticum</ce:italic> from the <ce:italic>gloeosporioides</ce:italic> species complex; <ce:italic>C.plurivorum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>C. musicola</ce:italic> from the <ce:italic>orchidearum</ce:italic> species complex, and <ce:italic>C. gigasporum</ce:italic> from the <ce:italic>gigasporum</ce:italic> species complex. <ce:italic>Colletotrichum fructicola</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>C. siamense</ce:italic> were the main <ce:italic>Colletotrichum</ce:italic> species associated with durian in Hainan. Pathogenicity tests showed that all seven species could infect durian leaves using a wound inoculation method but only <ce:italic>C. fructicola</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>C. queenslandicum</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>C. endophyticum</ce:italic> could infect using a non-wound inoculation method. The findings from this study enhance the knowledge of durian diseases and lay an essential foundation for devising effective disease management approaches. Further large-scale surveys are necessary, including sampling different sites and plant tissues, pathogenicity testing on a wider range of host genotypes and fungicide-sensitivity evaluation among and within the different <ce:italic>Colletotrichum</ce:italic> species collected.","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142673085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weed control plays a crucial role in agricultural production. The utilization of advanced vision algorithms on intelligent weeding robots enables the autonomous and efficient resolution of weed-related issues. Vision transformers are highly sensitive to plant texture and shape, but their computational cost is too high. Consequently, we propose a novel hybrid CNN-transformer network for the semantic segmentation of crops and weeds on Resource-Constrained Embedded Devices. Our network follows an encoder–decoder structure, incorporating the proposed concat extended downsampling block in the encoder, which increases inference speed by reducing memory access time and improves the accuracy of feature extraction. For global semantic extraction, we introduce the proposed Parallel input transformer semantic enhancement module, which employs a shared transformer block to increase the computation rate. Additionally, global–local semantic fusion block mitigates the semantic gap problem well. To fully utilize the transformer’s ability to process plant texture and shape, we employ the fusion enhancement block in the decoder, thus minimizing the loss of feature information. Segmentation results on three publicly benchmark datasets show that our network outperforms the commonly used CNN-based, transformer-based, and hybrid CNN-transformer-based methods in terms of segmentation accuracy. Moreover, our network comprises only 0.1887M parameters and 0.2145G floating-point operations. We also evaluate the inference speed on an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX embedded system, which result for inference single image 28.28 msec, and achieving a detection speed of 35.36 FPS. The experimental results highlight that our network maintains the best inference speed and exhibits the strongest segmentation performance on resource-constrained embedded systems.
{"title":"A hybrid CNN-transformer network: Accurate and efficient semantic segmentation of crops and weeds on resource-constrained embedded devices","authors":"Yifan Wei , Yuncong Feng , Dongcheng Zu , Xiaoli Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weed control plays a crucial role in agricultural production. The utilization of advanced vision algorithms on intelligent weeding robots enables the autonomous and efficient resolution of weed-related issues. Vision transformers are highly sensitive to plant texture and shape, but their computational cost is too high. Consequently, we propose a novel hybrid CNN-transformer network for the semantic segmentation of crops and weeds on Resource-Constrained Embedded Devices. Our network follows an encoder–decoder structure, incorporating the proposed concat extended downsampling block in the encoder, which increases inference speed by reducing memory access time and improves the accuracy of feature extraction. For global semantic extraction, we introduce the proposed Parallel input transformer semantic enhancement module, which employs a shared transformer block to increase the computation rate. Additionally, global–local semantic fusion block mitigates the semantic gap problem well. To fully utilize the transformer’s ability to process plant texture and shape, we employ the fusion enhancement block in the decoder, thus minimizing the loss of feature information. Segmentation results on three publicly benchmark datasets show that our network outperforms the commonly used CNN-based, transformer-based, and hybrid CNN-transformer-based methods in terms of segmentation accuracy. Moreover, our network comprises only 0.1887M parameters and 0.2145G floating-point operations. We also evaluate the inference speed on an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX embedded system, which result for inference single image 28.28 msec, and achieving a detection speed of 35.36 FPS. The experimental results highlight that our network maintains the best inference speed and exhibits the strongest segmentation performance on resource-constrained embedded systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107028
Pratibha Sharma , Sean P. Murphy , Julie R. Kikkert , Sarah J. Pethybridge
Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus, Cercospora beticola, is a major constraint to table beet production in New York (NY). The disease causes defoliation, negatively impacting harvests using top-pulling machinery and rendering plants unsuitable for fresh market sales. High genetic diversity within C. beticola populations can result in the rapid development of resistance to single-site mode of action fungicides. Therefore, products with multiple modes of action and/or differential site-specific modes of action are highly desirable to improve the resiliency of CLS management. In 2021 and 2022, small plot replicated trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected fungicides for CLS management in table beet at Geneva, NY. Propiconazole, pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil, and copper hydroxide were the most efficacious for CLS management and not significantly different between each other. Across these treatments, CLS severity was reduced by 72.8% and 78.6% compared to nontreated plots in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Trifloxystrobin + fluopyram, pyrimethanil + fluopyram and pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad provided moderate disease control with an average reduction of 45.4% and 56.7% in CLS severity in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Trifloxystrobin and a proprietary copper + zinc (Cu/Zn) compound at two rates (0.25% and 0.5% v/v) also significantly reduced CLS severity by 20.1% in 2021 but not in 2022. Improvements in foliar health through reduced CLS severity had no significant effect on root shape, size, color, and sugar content. This information underpins best management practices for foliar health leading to economic and sustainable outcomes for table beet producers.
{"title":"Evaluation of foliar fungicides for Cercospora leaf spot management in table beet in New York","authors":"Pratibha Sharma , Sean P. Murphy , Julie R. Kikkert , Sarah J. Pethybridge","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus, <em>Cercospora beticola,</em> is a major constraint to table beet production in New York (NY). The disease causes defoliation, negatively impacting harvests using top-pulling machinery and rendering plants unsuitable for fresh market sales. High genetic diversity within <em>C. beticola</em> populations can result in the rapid development of resistance to single-site mode of action fungicides. Therefore, products with multiple modes of action and/or differential site-specific modes of action are highly desirable to improve the resiliency of CLS management. In 2021 and 2022, small plot replicated trials were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected fungicides for CLS management in table beet at Geneva, NY. Propiconazole, pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil, and copper hydroxide were the most efficacious for CLS management and not significantly different between each other. Across these treatments, CLS severity was reduced by 72.8% and 78.6% compared to nontreated plots in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Trifloxystrobin + fluopyram, pyrimethanil + fluopyram and pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad provided moderate disease control with an average reduction of 45.4% and 56.7% in CLS severity in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Trifloxystrobin and a proprietary copper + zinc (Cu/Zn) compound at two rates (0.25% and 0.5% v/v) also significantly reduced CLS severity by 20.1% in 2021 but not in 2022. Improvements in foliar health through reduced CLS severity had no significant effect on root shape, size, color, and sugar content. This information underpins best management practices for foliar health leading to economic and sustainable outcomes for table beet producers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107028"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Herbicides are the most used form of weed management worldwide but their excessive use could lead to negative impacts on human health and the environment. Biological weed management utilizing microorganisms and their metabolites presents a promising alternative. The weed-associated fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae TBRC 15112 produces a broad spectrum of biological molecules, and shows potential as a bioherbicide. In this study, L. theobromae crude extracts from cultures caused leaf lesions in crowfoot grass (Dactyloctenium aegyptium L.) and tridax daisy (Tridax procumbens L.). The treated tridax daisy plants wilted and collapsed in three days. Using HP-20SS column chromatography, the 20, 30 and 40% acetone fractions caused leaf lesions covering 54, 30 and 34% of whole leaf areas of D. aegyptium, respectively, whereas relatively lower severities were observed for the 50–70% fractions. Eight compounds, including one new metabolite, were isolated and characterized for their structures using NMR spectroscopic data. Of these, five exhibited bioherbicidal activity, namely uracil, tyrosol, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (4HPA), and the new metabolite. This metabolite, which we named lasiodiplin, is similar to alboatrin but distinct at two positions. Intriguingly, the mixture of tyrosol and 4HPA had a greater effect on weed leaves than pure compounds alone, suggesting a synergistic effect. The crude extracts also caused leaf lesions on five of six tested crops. Our study revealed that L. theobromae crude extracts have bioherbicidal activity on the narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds. The data could pave a way for further development of bioherbicides based on microorganisms and microbial products.
{"title":"Bioherbicidal effect of secondary metabolites from Lasiodiplodia theobromae for management of narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds","authors":"Wararom Jampanya , Chollaratt Boonlarppradab , Chettida Srisuksam , Sompid Samipak , Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbicides are the most used form of weed management worldwide but their excessive use could lead to negative impacts on human health and the environment. Biological weed management utilizing microorganisms and their metabolites presents a promising alternative. The weed-associated fungus <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em> TBRC 15112 produces a broad spectrum of biological molecules, and shows potential as a bioherbicide. In this study, <em>L. theobromae</em> crude extracts from cultures caused leaf lesions in crowfoot grass (<em>Dactyloctenium aegyptium</em> L.) and tridax daisy (<em>Tridax procumbens</em> L.). The treated tridax daisy plants wilted and collapsed in three days. Using HP-20SS column chromatography, the 20, 30 and 40% acetone fractions caused leaf lesions covering 54, 30 and 34% of whole leaf areas of <em>D</em>. <em>aegyptium</em>, respectively, whereas relatively lower severities were observed for the 50–70% fractions. Eight compounds, including one new metabolite, were isolated and characterized for their structures using NMR spectroscopic data. Of these, five exhibited bioherbicidal activity, namely uracil, tyrosol, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide (4HPA), and the new metabolite. This metabolite, which we named lasiodiplin, is similar to alboatrin but distinct at two positions. Intriguingly, the mixture of tyrosol and 4HPA had a greater effect on weed leaves than pure compounds alone, suggesting a synergistic effect. The crude extracts also caused leaf lesions on five of six tested crops. Our study revealed that <em>L. theobromae</em> crude extracts have bioherbicidal activity on the narrow-leaf and broad-leaf weeds. The data could pave a way for further development of bioherbicides based on microorganisms and microbial products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107029"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107027
Xian Li , Jun-Long An , Wen-Jing Wang , Tong-Xian Liu , Shi-Ze Zhang
Corn, as a crucial staple food crop, has historically faced significant challenges from a variety of pests, particularly those belonging to Lepidoptera order. The parasitoid Cotesia ruficrus has demonstrated efficacy in controlling certain Lepidoptera pests. This study aimed to elucidate the parasitism preference and fitness outcomes of C. ruficrus across four prominent noctuid pests: Spodoptera frugiperda, Mythinma separata, Helicoverpa armigera, and Spodoptera litura. The results showed that C. ruficrus exhibited a preference for the four herbivore species as follows: M. separata > S. frugiperda/H. armigera > S. litura. While C. ruficrus could successfully complete its life cycle within the bodies of M. separata and S. frugiperda, the same was not feasible with H. armigera and S. litura as hosts. Moreover, the number of offspring produced by C. ruficrus per host was significantly higher when parasitizing M. separata compared to S. frugiperda. However, the mature egg count in the ovaries and adult body size of C. ruficrus were notably smaller when utilizing M. separata as a host. In summary, the study revealed that C. ruficrus displays a preference for parasitizing M. separata among the four herbivores, yielding improved offspring numbers and performance. These findings provide valuable insights for the biological control of the studied pests and contribute to enhancing the propagation techniques of C. ruficrus.
玉米作为一种重要的主食作物，历来面临着各种害虫，尤其是鳞翅目害虫的巨大挑战。寄生虫 Cotesia ruficrus 已证明能有效控制某些鳞翅目害虫。本研究旨在阐明 C. ruficrus 对四种主要夜蛾类害虫的寄生偏好和适应性结果：Spodoptera frugiperda、Mythinma separata、Helicoverpa armigera 和 Spodoptera litura。结果表明，C. ruficrus 对以下四种食草动物表现出偏好：M. separata > S. frugiperda/H. armigera > S. litura。虽然 C. ruficrus 可以在 M. separata 和 S. frugiperda 的体内顺利完成其生命周期，但以 H. armigera 和 S. litura 为宿主则无法完成。此外，与 S. frugiperda 相比，C. ruficrus 在寄生 M. separata 时每个寄主产生的后代数量要高得多。然而，在利用 M. separata 作为宿主时，C. ruficrus 的卵巢成熟卵数和成虫体型明显较小。总之，该研究发现，在四种食草动物中，C. ruficrus表现出对寄生于M. separata的偏好，从而提高了后代的数量和表现。这些发现为所研究害虫的生物防治提供了有价值的见解，并有助于提高 C. ruficrus 的繁殖技术。
{"title":"Influence of four noctuid pests on preference and offspring fitness of Cotesia ruficrus","authors":"Xian Li , Jun-Long An , Wen-Jing Wang , Tong-Xian Liu , Shi-Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corn, as a crucial staple food crop, has historically faced significant challenges from a variety of pests, particularly those belonging to Lepidoptera order. The parasitoid <em>Cotesia ruficrus</em> has demonstrated efficacy in controlling certain Lepidoptera pests. This study aimed to elucidate the parasitism preference and fitness outcomes of <em>C. ruficrus</em> across four prominent noctuid pests: <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, <em>Mythinma separata</em>, <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>, and <em>Spodoptera litura</em>. The results showed that <em>C. ruficrus</em> exhibited a preference for the four herbivore species as follows: <em>M. separata > S. frugiperda/H. armigera > S. litura</em>. While <em>C. ruficrus</em> could successfully complete its life cycle within the bodies of <em>M. separata</em> and <em>S. frugiperda</em>, the same was not feasible with <em>H. armigera</em> and <em>S. litura</em> as hosts. Moreover, the number of offspring produced by <em>C. ruficrus</em> per host was significantly higher when parasitizing <em>M. separata</em> compared to <em>S. frugiperda</em>. However, the mature egg count in the ovaries and adult body size of <em>C. ruficrus</em> were notably smaller when utilizing <em>M. separata</em> as a host. In summary, the study revealed that <em>C. ruficrus</em> displays a preference for parasitizing <em>M. separata</em> among the four herbivores, yielding improved offspring numbers and performance. These findings provide valuable insights for the biological control of the studied pests and contribute to enhancing the propagation techniques of <em>C. ruficrus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107026
Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos Santos , Thiago Henrique Napoleão , Amanda Vieira de Barros , Renata Mendonça Araújo , Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros , Carlos Romero Ferreira de Oliveira , Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira , Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo , Ana Patrícia Silva de Oliveira , Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
Essential oils have been studied to develop sustainable alternatives for controlling pest-species. This study determined the chemical composition and toxicity of an essential oil from Croton pulegiodorus leaves against Sitophilus zeamais and Nasutitermes corniger. Ascaridole (22.75%) and camphor (18.11%) were the major compounds. The essential oil showed toxicity upon ingestion on S. zeamais, with LC50 and LC90 of 24.24 and 46.76 μL/g for 15 days, respectively. It presented a moderate (10.0 and 12.5 μL/g) to strong (15 μL/g) deterrent effect, interfering with nutritional parameters, causing a reduction in the relative consumption rate, relative biomass gain rate and efficiency in conversion of ingested food. Furthermore, it stimulated in vitro S. zeamais β-D-xylanase (+33.39%), endoglucanase (+8.28%), exoglucanase (+84.77%), and α-amylase (+359.18%) activities and reduced in vitro the activity of trypsin-like enzymes (−79.67%). The essential oil showed fumigant effect against N. corniger termites with LC50 and LC90 (24 h) of 0.57 and 3.26 μL/mL of air for workers and 1.63 and 4.74 μL/mL of air for soldiers respectively. In workers, it caused 100% mortality through contact in 2.08 and 0.49 min (at 0.4 μL/μL and neat oil). A significant increase in the number of self-cleaning and falls indicated behavioral changes induced by the oil in N. corniger workers. The study shows the potential of the essential oil of C. pulegiodorus leaves as an alternative method in the management of maize weevil and N. corniger.
{"title":"Chemical composition and influence of essential oil from Croton pulegiodorus Baill. Leaves on the nutrition and survival of Sitophilus zeamais Mots. (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) as well as survival and behavior of Nasutitermes corniger Mots. (Blattodea: Termitidae)","authors":"Patryck Érmerson Monteiro dos Santos , Thiago Henrique Napoleão , Amanda Vieira de Barros , Renata Mendonça Araújo , Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros , Carlos Romero Ferreira de Oliveira , Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira , Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo , Ana Patrícia Silva de Oliveira , Thâmarah de Albuquerque Lima , Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.107026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils have been studied to develop sustainable alternatives for controlling pest-species. This study determined the chemical composition and toxicity of an essential oil from <em>Croton pulegiodorus</em> leaves against <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> and <em>Nasutitermes corniger</em>. Ascaridole (22.75%) and camphor (18.11%) were the major compounds. The essential oil showed toxicity upon ingestion on <em>S. zeamais</em>, with LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> of 24.24 and 46.76 μL/g for 15 days, respectively. It presented a moderate (10.0 and 12.5 μL/g) to strong (15 μL/g) deterrent effect, interfering with nutritional parameters, causing a reduction in the relative consumption rate, relative biomass gain rate and efficiency in conversion of ingested food. Furthermore, it stimulated <em>in vitro S. zeamais</em> β-D-xylanase (+33.39%), endoglucanase (+8.28%), exoglucanase (+84.77%), and α-amylase (+359.18%) activities and reduced <em>in vitro</em> the activity of trypsin-like enzymes (−79.67%). The essential oil showed fumigant effect against <em>N. corniger</em> termites with LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> (24 h) of 0.57 and 3.26 μL/mL of air for workers and 1.63 and 4.74 μL/mL of air for soldiers respectively. In workers, it caused 100% mortality through contact in 2.08 and 0.49 min (at 0.4 μL/μL and neat oil). A significant increase in the number of self-cleaning and falls indicated behavioral changes induced by the oil in <em>N. corniger</em> workers. The study shows the potential of the essential oil of <em>C. pulegiodorus</em> leaves as an alternative method in the management of maize weevil and <em>N. corniger</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 107026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106991
{"title":"Number I January 2025.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"187 ","pages":"Article 106991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142652129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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