Pub Date : 2025-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107180
Lin Rui , Qiao-Qiao Zhang , Wei-Liang Kong , Hang Ni , Xiao-Qin Wu
Yulania denudata are widely cultivated in China and worldwide for their versatile uses. Thus, sustainable disease management requires critical knowledge of Y. denudata pathogens. In August 2022, a leaf blight disease was observed on Y. denudata mature tree in the campus of Nanjing Forestry University, located in Xuanwu district, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China. Isolations from the symptomatic leaves yielded Botryosphaeria-like fungal isolates. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and β-tubulin (TUB) of isolate YL 2–1, YL 4–2, YL 5–3, YL 6–1 confirmed the species as Botryosphaeria dothidea. Leaf inoculations with the representative isolate YL 6–1 produced disease symptoms on Y. denudata. Finally, Koch's postulates were established by re-isolation and re-identification of B. dothidea isolates from the inoculated leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing foliar disease symptoms on Y. denudata in China. These findings will contribute to developing disease management strategies for Y. denudata leaf blight.
{"title":"First report of Botryosphaeria dothidea causing leaf blight on Yulania denudata in China","authors":"Lin Rui , Qiao-Qiao Zhang , Wei-Liang Kong , Hang Ni , Xiao-Qin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Yulania denudata</em> are widely cultivated in China and worldwide for their versatile uses. Thus, sustainable disease management requires critical knowledge of <em>Y. denudata</em> pathogens. In August 2022, a leaf blight disease was observed on <em>Y. denudata</em> mature tree in the campus of Nanjing Forestry University, located in Xuanwu district, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China. Isolations from the symptomatic leaves yielded <em>Botryosphaeria</em>-like fungal isolates. Phylogenetic analysis utilizing internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and β-tubulin (TUB) of isolate YL 2–1, YL 4–2, YL 5–3, YL 6–1 confirmed the species as <em>Botryosphaeria dothidea</em>. Leaf inoculations with the representative isolate YL 6–1 produced disease symptoms on <em>Y. denudata</em>. Finally, Koch's postulates were established by re-isolation and re-identification of <em>B. dothidea</em> isolates from the inoculated leaves. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>B. dothidea</em> causing foliar disease symptoms on <em>Y. denudata</em> in China. These findings will contribute to developing disease management strategies for <em>Y. denudata</em> leaf blight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-28DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107178
Sébastien Boquel , Marie D'Ottavio , Jennifer De Almeida , Alexis Latraverse , Geneviève Labrie , Eric Lucas
The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW), a pest of oilseed rape crops, was first detected in the Province of Quebec (Canada) in canola in 2000. The parasitoid wasp Trichomalus perfectus is the main biological control agent of the CSW in Europe. However, its efficiency as well as its distribution across the province of Quebec are poorly known. We investigated CSW damage in canola fields, along with the abundance and parasitism rates of all its parasitoids, as well as that of T. perfectus alone, in Quebec from 2012 to 2020.
This study highlighted that the CSW is well established in Quebec (82% of canola fields sampled), especially in the regions of Bas-Saint-Laurent, Chaudière-Appalaches, and Capitale-Nationale. Only three fields exceeded the threshold of 25% damaged pods, and only in 2019. Parasitoids of CSW were present in 62% of canola fields. Their distribution follows that of the CSW and their populations were primarily composed of Pteromalidae (95.7% of the individuals) among which T. perfectus was the main species with almost 80% of the individuals. The mean parasitism rate from 2012 to 2020 was 43.1% and that of T. perfectus was 26.1%. Seed damage was reduced by 47% on average when CSW larvae were parasitized. Parasitoids, particularly T. perfectus due to its higher abundance compared to other parasitoid species and its significant contribution to the overall parasitism rate, play a key role in controlling CSW populations in Quebec, helping to keep them below the economic damage threshold.
{"title":"Distribution and parasitism rate of cabbage seedpod weevil parasitoids over almost a decade in Quebec (Canada)","authors":"Sébastien Boquel , Marie D'Ottavio , Jennifer De Almeida , Alexis Latraverse , Geneviève Labrie , Eric Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW), a pest of oilseed rape crops, was first detected in the Province of Quebec (Canada) in canola in 2000. The parasitoid wasp <em>Trichomalus perfectus</em> is the main biological control agent of the CSW in Europe. However, its efficiency as well as its distribution across the province of Quebec are poorly known. We investigated CSW damage in canola fields, along with the abundance and parasitism rates of all its parasitoids, as well as that of <em>T. perfectus</em> alone, in Quebec from 2012 to 2020.</div><div>This study highlighted that the CSW is well established in Quebec (82% of canola fields sampled), especially in the regions of Bas-Saint-Laurent, Chaudière-Appalaches, and Capitale-Nationale. Only three fields exceeded the threshold of 25% damaged pods, and only in 2019. Parasitoids of CSW were present in 62% of canola fields. Their distribution follows that of the CSW and their populations were primarily composed of Pteromalidae (95.7% of the individuals) among which <em>T. perfectus</em> was the main species with almost 80% of the individuals. The mean parasitism rate from 2012 to 2020 was 43.1% and that of <em>T. perfectus</em> was 26.1%. Seed damage was reduced by 47% on average when CSW larvae were parasitized. Parasitoids, particularly <em>T. perfectus</em> due to its higher abundance compared to other parasitoid species and its significant contribution to the overall parasitism rate, play a key role in controlling CSW populations in Quebec, helping to keep them below the economic damage threshold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 107178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107177
Veríssimo Gibran Mendes de Sá , Bridget F. O'Neill , Chris Linderblood , Emily Huang , Kristine LeRoy , Taylor Olson
Research into plant proteins demonstrating insecticidal activity has found several possibilities produced by ferns in the genus Adiantum. One such protein, named IPD083Cb, exhibits activity against certain lepidopteran species. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the spectrum of activity of this protein. In total, 12 species from six families of Lepidoptera and one species of Coleoptera were evaluated for sensitivity to IPD083Cb. For all organisms evaluated, Anticarsia gemmatalis was the most sensitive species for mortality (11.2 μg IPD083CB protein per cm2 diet). No biologically relevant effects of IPD083Cb were observed on survival or weight of the coleopteran Diabrotica virgifera virgifera at concentrations assessed in this study. This protein shows potential for use as a plant-incorporated protectant against lepidopteran pests in maize and soybean crops.
{"title":"Characterization of spectrum of insecticidal activity for IPD083Cb: A novel insecticidal protein from plants of the class polypodiopsida active against key lepidopteran pests","authors":"Veríssimo Gibran Mendes de Sá , Bridget F. O'Neill , Chris Linderblood , Emily Huang , Kristine LeRoy , Taylor Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research into plant proteins demonstrating insecticidal activity has found several possibilities produced by ferns in the genus <em>Adiantum</em>. One such protein, named IPD083Cb, exhibits activity against certain lepidopteran species. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the spectrum of activity of this protein. In total, 12 species from six families of Lepidoptera and one species of Coleoptera were evaluated for sensitivity to IPD083Cb. For all organisms evaluated, <em>Anticarsia gemmatalis</em> was the most sensitive species for mortality (11.2 μg IPD083CB protein per cm<sup>2</sup> diet). No biologically relevant effects of IPD083Cb were observed on survival or weight of the coleopteran <em>Diabrotica virgifera virgifera</em> at concentrations assessed in this study. This protein shows potential for use as a plant-incorporated protectant against lepidopteran pests in maize and soybean crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-25DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107176
Umer Hayat , Muhammad Hammad Ahmad , Waqar Sattar , Ziying Zhu
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (red palm weevil, RPW) is a major invasive pest of Phoenix canariensis, P. sylvestris, Cocos nucifera, and Trachycarpus fortunei in China that threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services, causing significant economic and agricultural losses. We developed a pest risk assessment model using host preference data to enhance distribution forecasting with MaxEnt simulations. This study utilized the Maximum Entropy model to analyze RPW and host distribution patterns under current and future climates (2060, 2100), using CMIP-6 projections (SSP 2–4.5 and 5–8.5). Our results indicate that: (a) Including host availability significantly improves the MaxEnt model output (P < 0.05); (b) All model groups demonstrated excellent predictive power (AUC >0.93); (c) By 2100, suitable habitat for RPW is projected to expand under SSP 2–4.5 (305.61 × 104 Km2) but contract under SSP 5–8.5 (293.26 × 104 Km2), compared to the current area (298.15 × 104 km2). The current habitat centroid (Hunan Province, 112.792°E, 28.208°N) is expected to shift southeast under SSP 2–4.5 and northwest under SSP 5–8.5; (d) Suitable habitat for all four host species is projected to expand under both scenarios; (e) Regions between 98.475°E − 119.214°E and 33.358°N – 18.043°N, including Taiwan, are favorable for RPW under all scenarios. The projected suitable ranges of host plants align with RPW distribution patterns through the end of the century; (f) Key variables affecting RPW distribution include temperature, precipitation, NDVI, and host availability. For host species, temperature, precipitation, habitat, and terrain are crucial factors. This study highlights key insights into RPW and host habitat dynamics in China, identifying high-risk regions and emphasizing timely interventions.
{"title":"A host availability-driven model for predicting the distribution of Red Palm Weevil in China","authors":"Umer Hayat , Muhammad Hammad Ahmad , Waqar Sattar , Ziying Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em> (red palm weevil, RPW) is a major invasive pest of <em>Phoenix canariensis</em>, <em>P. sylvestris</em>, <em>Cocos nucifera</em>, and <em>Trachycarpus fortunei</em> in China that threatens biodiversity and ecosystem services, causing significant economic and agricultural losses. We developed a pest risk assessment model using host preference data to enhance distribution forecasting with MaxEnt simulations. This study utilized the Maximum Entropy model to analyze RPW and host distribution patterns under current and future climates (2060, 2100), using CMIP-6 projections (SSP 2–4.5 and 5–8.5). Our results indicate that: (a) Including host availability significantly improves the MaxEnt model output (P < 0.05); (b) All model groups demonstrated excellent predictive power (AUC >0.93); (c) By 2100, suitable habitat for RPW is projected to expand under SSP 2–4.5 (305.61 × 10<sup>4</sup> Km<sup>2</sup>) but contract under SSP 5–8.5 (293.26 × 10<sup>4</sup> Km<sup>2</sup>), compared to the current area (298.15 × 10<sup>4</sup> km<sup>2</sup>). The current habitat centroid (Hunan Province, 112.792°E, 28.208°N) is expected to shift southeast under SSP 2–4.5 and northwest under SSP 5–8.5; (d) Suitable habitat for all four host species is projected to expand under both scenarios; (e) Regions between 98.475°E − 119.214°E and 33.358°N – 18.043°N, including Taiwan, are favorable for RPW under all scenarios. The projected suitable ranges of host plants align with RPW distribution patterns through the end of the century; (f) Key variables affecting RPW distribution include temperature, precipitation, NDVI, and host availability. For host species, temperature, precipitation, habitat, and terrain are crucial factors. This study highlights key insights into RPW and host habitat dynamics in China, identifying high-risk regions and emphasizing timely interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107133
Marian Adan , Henri.E.Z. Tonnang , Klaus Greve , Christian Borgemeister , Georg Goergen
The Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lep.: Noctuidae) a destructive invasive pest, poses a significant threat to maize cultivation in Africa, highlighting the need for a better understanding the factors affecting its prevalence. In this study we utilized the Maxent modelling approach to assess the impact of environmental and terrestrial parameters on the spread of FAW in Africa. We compared four different models based on their predictive accuracy: the most comprehensive model, which included bioclimatic factors, landscape structure, and FAW phenology, achieved an accuracy of 0.902. In contrast, models using only single categories of variables yielded lower accuracies, ranging from 0.760 to 0.844. Land use and land cover were identified as the primary contributors to FAW's habitat suitability, accounting for 53.6% of the influence. Precipitation patterns and elevation also played significant roles, contributing 12.4% and 8.2%, respectively. Additional analysis highlighted the importance of temperature, seasonality and precipitation during the driest month. These findings suggest, that both environmental, like climatic, and terrestrial, like land cover, factors are crucial for understanding the spread of FAW in Africa. These insights could lead to the development of more effective and better targeted FAW management strategies, that potentially would reduce the reliance on insecticide use.
{"title":"Modelling the environmental and terrestrial drivers of the spread of the invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa","authors":"Marian Adan , Henri.E.Z. Tonnang , Klaus Greve , Christian Borgemeister , Georg Goergen","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fall armyworm (FAW), <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J.E. Smith) (Lep.: Noctuidae) a destructive invasive pest, poses a significant threat to maize cultivation in Africa, highlighting the need for a better understanding the factors affecting its prevalence. In this study we utilized the Maxent modelling approach to assess the impact of environmental and terrestrial parameters on the spread of FAW in Africa. We compared four different models based on their predictive accuracy: the most comprehensive model, which included bioclimatic factors, landscape structure, and FAW phenology, achieved an accuracy of 0.902. In contrast, models using only single categories of variables yielded lower accuracies, ranging from 0.760 to 0.844. Land use and land cover were identified as the primary contributors to FAW's habitat suitability, accounting for 53.6% of the influence. Precipitation patterns and elevation also played significant roles, contributing 12.4% and 8.2%, respectively. Additional analysis highlighted the importance of temperature, seasonality and precipitation during the driest month. These findings suggest, that both environmental, like climatic, and terrestrial, like land cover, factors are crucial for understanding the spread of FAW in Africa. These insights could lead to the development of more effective and better targeted FAW management strategies, that potentially would reduce the reliance on insecticide use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143529192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107168
Thais França Silva , João Lucas Pimentel Duarte , Jefferson Bertin Vélez-Olmedo , Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira , Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum , Danilo Batista Pinho
Dieback is a disease with a complex etiology that results in the death of branches or entire plants in avocado producing regions. Losses associated with this disease have already been reported in the main producing regions of Brazil. The etiological agents of this disease are different and an association between fungi is often observed. This study aimed to identify fungi associated with avocado dieback in Brazil. Fungal isolates were collected from symptomatic avocado stems from orchards in São Paulo state. Identification was based on phenotypic characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha, RNA polymerase II, β-tubulin, actin, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, and the large subunit ribosomal RNA regions, according to the previously identified genus. The pathogenicity test confirmed that all species were pathogenic to avocado seedlings and fruits. This is the first report of Neopestalotiopsis arecacearum, Neocosmospora bostrycoides, Nectria pseudotrichia and Cytospora viridistroma causing avocado dieback in Brazil and worldwide. Identifying emerging pathogens that cause losses is crucial for avocado-producing countries with different climatic conditions, as it helps understand the geographic distribution of these phytopathogens and the conditions that favor their development.
{"title":"Four new fungal pathogens causing avocado dieback in Brazil","authors":"Thais França Silva , João Lucas Pimentel Duarte , Jefferson Bertin Vélez-Olmedo , Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira , Luiz Eduardo Bassay Blum , Danilo Batista Pinho","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dieback is a disease with a complex etiology that results in the death of branches or entire plants in avocado producing regions. Losses associated with this disease have already been reported in the main producing regions of Brazil. The etiological agents of this disease are different and an association between fungi is often observed. This study aimed to identify fungi associated with avocado dieback in Brazil. Fungal isolates were collected from symptomatic avocado stems from orchards in São Paulo state. Identification was based on phenotypic characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha, RNA polymerase II, β-tubulin, actin, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA, and the large subunit ribosomal RNA regions, according to the previously identified genus. The pathogenicity test confirmed that all species were pathogenic to avocado seedlings and fruits. This is the first report of <em>Neopestalotiopsis arecacearum</em>, <em>Neocosmospora bostrycoides</em>, <em>Nectria pseudotrichia</em> and <em>Cytospora viridistroma</em> causing avocado dieback in Brazil and worldwide. Identifying emerging pathogens that cause losses is crucial for avocado-producing countries with different climatic conditions, as it helps understand the geographic distribution of these phytopathogens and the conditions that favor their development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143547094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107169
Chaoran Ma , Ge Chi , Xueping Ju , Junqiang Zhang , Changxiang Yan
Accurate and efficient crop and weed detection is pivotal for advancing precision agriculture. In this context, the development of lightweight and high-performance models is crucial for real-time applications. This study introduces YOLO-CWD, an improved version of the You Only Look Once version 8 n (YOLOv8n) model, designed to achieve high detection accuracy while maintaining a compact scale in real-time crop and weed detection tasks. A novel hybrid attention mechanism was proposed, enhancing the model's capacity to differentiate between crops and weeds, and outperforming other commonly used attention mechanisms. To address the limitations of the Complete Intersection over Union (CIoU) loss function in accurately locating predicted bounding boxes, a novel loss function, Point Intersection over Union (PIoU), was proposed, accelerating convergence during training. The resulting YOLO-CWD model features 3.49M parameters and 9.6 GFLOPS, balancing compactness and performance. Ablation experiments demonstrate significant improvements in detecting maize and weeds, with mAP@50 reaching 0.751 and mAP@50:95 reaching 0.506, increasing by 0.008 and 0.012, respectively, compared to the baseline. The model outperforms other state-of-the-art models, with its robustness validated across multiple datasets. Further evaluation under varying lighting and soil moisture conditions highlights the model's strong generalization capabilities. These findings confirm YOLO-CWD's superiority for crop and weed detection tasks, addressing key challenges in precision agriculture and paving the way for sustainable practices.
{"title":"YOLO-CWD: A novel model for crop and weed detection based on improved YOLOv8","authors":"Chaoran Ma , Ge Chi , Xueping Ju , Junqiang Zhang , Changxiang Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and efficient crop and weed detection is pivotal for advancing precision agriculture. In this context, the development of lightweight and high-performance models is crucial for real-time applications. This study introduces YOLO-CWD, an improved version of the You Only Look Once version 8 n (YOLOv8n) model, designed to achieve high detection accuracy while maintaining a compact scale in real-time crop and weed detection tasks. A novel hybrid attention mechanism was proposed, enhancing the model's capacity to differentiate between crops and weeds, and outperforming other commonly used attention mechanisms. To address the limitations of the Complete Intersection over Union (CIoU) loss function in accurately locating predicted bounding boxes, a novel loss function, Point Intersection over Union (PIoU), was proposed, accelerating convergence during training. The resulting YOLO-CWD model features 3.49M parameters and 9.6 GFLOPS, balancing compactness and performance. Ablation experiments demonstrate significant improvements in detecting maize and weeds, with mAP@50 reaching 0.751 and mAP@50:95 reaching 0.506, increasing by 0.008 and 0.012, respectively, compared to the baseline. The model outperforms other state-of-the-art models, with its robustness validated across multiple datasets. Further evaluation under varying lighting and soil moisture conditions highlights the model's strong generalization capabilities. These findings confirm YOLO-CWD's superiority for crop and weed detection tasks, addressing key challenges in precision agriculture and paving the way for sustainable practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since 2014, all pesticide users in the European Union must comply with the eight principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) outlined in the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive (2009/128/EC). This regulation has significantly reduced pesticide use and offers insights into addressing excessive pesticide usage. Our study aims to elucidate how the Chinese government should promote IPM policies, specify measures and target groups, and ameliorate the overreliance on pesticides among Chinese farmers. Data collected through farmer surveys in Dengkou County assessed IPM technology adoption. The Kruskal-Wallis Test analyzed cognitive behavioral differences in the IPM index. A fractional response model identified factors influencing farmers' IPM index, and an unconditional quantile regression model discussed asymmetric effects of predictor coefficients. Positive correlations were found between Education, Crop growth stage, Soil, Market, Weather, Earnings, Pesticide residue, and IPM adoption. Conversely, Age, Area, and Eradicate pests and diseases hindered IPM adoption, with noticeable differences in influencing factors' coefficients at various quantiles. Our results emphasize that the government should concentrate on reducing technological adoption barriers for young farmers, enhance adherence to pesticide spraying standards and crop rotation knowledge, especially among those neglecting pesticide residue reduction during spraying. Efforts should be directed at reinforcing the position of farmers endorsing green agricultural practices and assisting in establishing scientifically accurate monitoring systems for field pest populations. This research serves as a case study for developing countries implementing IPM, offering a valuable reference for nations facing similar challenges and contributing experience to the global pursuit of sustainable agricultural development.
{"title":"Examining the universality of the EU's Integrated Pest Management (IPM) policy promotion in China: Asymmetric effects of farmer characteristics and cognitive factors on agricultural practices","authors":"Huyang Yu , Yaofeng Yang , Yajuan Chen , Hongkun Zhao , Yaoqing Xie , Qinpeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2014, all pesticide users in the European Union must comply with the eight principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) outlined in the Sustainable Use of Pesticides Directive (2009/128/EC). This regulation has significantly reduced pesticide use and offers insights into addressing excessive pesticide usage. Our study aims to elucidate how the Chinese government should promote IPM policies, specify measures and target groups, and ameliorate the overreliance on pesticides among Chinese farmers. Data collected through farmer surveys in Dengkou County assessed IPM technology adoption. The Kruskal-Wallis Test analyzed cognitive behavioral differences in the IPM index. A fractional response model identified factors influencing farmers' IPM index, and an unconditional quantile regression model discussed asymmetric effects of predictor coefficients. Positive correlations were found between Education, Crop growth stage, Soil, Market, Weather, Earnings, Pesticide residue, and IPM adoption. Conversely, Age, Area, and Eradicate pests and diseases hindered IPM adoption, with noticeable differences in influencing factors' coefficients at various quantiles. Our results emphasize that the government should concentrate on reducing technological adoption barriers for young farmers, enhance adherence to pesticide spraying standards and crop rotation knowledge, especially among those neglecting pesticide residue reduction during spraying. Efforts should be directed at reinforcing the position of farmers endorsing green agricultural practices and assisting in establishing scientifically accurate monitoring systems for field pest populations. This research serves as a case study for developing countries implementing IPM, offering a valuable reference for nations facing similar challenges and contributing experience to the global pursuit of sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10785,"journal":{"name":"Crop Protection","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 107167"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2025.107165
Jennifer Byrne , Robert Lillywhite , Henry Creissen , Fiona Thorne , Lael Walsh
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a crop health paradigm offering a framework for sustainable pest management. IPM encourages the integration of control measures to minimise the risks associated with pests and pest management practices, including pesticides. To optimise adoption it is necessary to understand how growers use IPM, to identify measures lagging in uptake or suitability for uptake and to explore limitations to both. This study has quantified IPM adoption using Irish food horticulture as a case study, through the development and application of an IPM metric based on field, protected and top fruit production systems. The compound metric was developed using a Delphi-style methodology with three expert panels representing the three production systems. The results show that adoption was widespread with growers overall attaining low to mid-range scores (<70, out of a maximum 100). Field crop growers performed best with a mean score of 44.8. While these results demonstrated that IPM has been adopted, it also suggested that there is room for improvement. This presentation of an IPM measurement instrument for temperate horticulture systems provides the means to benchmark IPM performance and chart cumulative progress. This is useful to policy makers and IPM stakeholders to compare performance on a national and cross-national basis with a view to refining best practice, while defining specific components of IPM for improvement.
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