The long-term effects of norgestrel on the reproductive and thyroid systems in adult zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations

IF 5.4 3区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL ACS Applied Energy Materials Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107105

Shuyan Mai , Yan-Qiu Liang , Shuhui Zhou , Hongjie Lin , Zhongdian Dong , Chang-Gui Pan , Qingwei Kong , Shaoshuai Wang , Shiqing Wang , Zhong Lin , Liping Hou

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Abstract

Progestins are crucial steroid hormones that have attracted wide attention due to their endocrine disrupting effects in fish. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of norgestrel (NGT) on the reproductive and thyroid endocrine systems of adult zebrafish. Adult zebrafish were exposed to 7 and 39 ng/L NGT for a duration of 90 days. The results revealed that exposure to 39 ng/L NGT led to a significant up-regulation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd3b) and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd20b) genes in the ovary of female zebrafish. Additionally, there was a significant up-regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (hsd11b2) gene in the testis of male zebrafish. Furthermore, egg production decreased significantly, accompanied by notable alterations in the proportion of ovarian development stages, as well as reductions of sex hormone levels (E2, 11-KT, and T) in both females and males. However, long-term exposure to low concentrations of NGT did not lead to changes in thyroid hormone levels and thyroid histopathology in adult zebrafish. The overall results imply that environmental concentrations of NGT have a strong endocrine disrupting effect on the reproductive system of zebrafish, while the thyroid system is not sensitive to NGT exposure. The present study underscores the reproductive endocrine impacts of NGT and emphasizes the necessity for prolonged exposure at environmental concentrations.

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环境相关浓度下的诺孕酮对成年斑马鱼生殖系统和甲状腺系统的长期影响

孕激素是一种重要的类固醇激素，因其对鱼类内分泌的干扰作用而受到广泛关注。本研究旨在探讨长期暴露于低浓度诺孕酮（NGT）对成年斑马鱼生殖系统和甲状腺内分泌系统的影响。成年斑马鱼分别暴露于 7 和 39 纳克/升的 NGT，为期 90 天。结果显示，暴露于 39 纳克/升 NGT 会导致雌性斑马鱼卵巢中的 3β- 羟类固醇脱氢酶（hsd3b）和 20β- 羟类固醇脱氢酶（hsd20b）基因显著上调。此外，雄性斑马鱼睾丸中的 11β- 羟类固醇脱氢酶 2（hsd11b2）基因也有显著上调。此外，雌性和雄性斑马鱼的产卵量明显减少，卵巢发育阶段的比例也发生了明显变化，性激素水平（E2、11-KT 和 T）也有所下降。然而，长期接触低浓度的 NGT 并不会导致成年斑马鱼的甲状腺激素水平和甲状腺组织病理学发生变化。总体结果表明，环境浓度的 NGT 对斑马鱼的生殖系统有强烈的内分泌干扰作用，而甲状腺系统对 NGT 暴露并不敏感。本研究强调了 NGT 对生殖内分泌的影响，并强调了长期接触环境浓度 NGT 的必要性。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Energy Materials Materials Science-Materials Chemistry

CiteScore

10.30

自引率

6.20%

发文量

1368

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Energy Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of materials, engineering, chemistry, physics and biology relevant to energy conversion and storage. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important energy applications.