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Acute cardiorespiratory effects of 6PPD-quinone on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107288
Summer J. Selinger , David Montgomery , Steve Wiseman , Markus Hecker , Lynn Weber , Markus Brinkmann , David Janz
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) is an environmental transformation product of the widely used rubber tire antioxidant, 6PPD. Found in stormwater runoff, 6PPD-quinone has been reported to cause acute lethality at ≤1 μg/L in salmonids like coho salmon, rainbow trout, and brook trout. Conversely, other species such as Arctic char and brown trout are insensitive, even when exposed to significantly greater concentrations (3.8–50 μg/L). Sensitive species exhibit symptoms such as gasping, spiraling, increased ventilation, and loss of equilibrium, suggesting a possible impact on cardiorespiratory physiology. This study investigated sublethal 6PPD-quinone toxicities, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic effects in two salmonids of varying sensitivity: a sensitive species, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and a tolerant species, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Fish were exposed to measured concentrations of 0.59 or 7.15 μg/L 6PPD-quinone, respectively, in respirometry chambers for 48 h to assess temporal changes in resting oxygen consumption compared to unexposed controls. Following exposure, cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiography characterized cardiac function in vivo, while blood gas analysis examined blood composition changes. In both species, changes in resting oxygen consumption were observed. In rainbow trout only, a decrease in end systolic volume and an increase in passive ventricular filling, cardiac output, and PR interval length were observed, indicating cardiac stimulation. Cardiorespiratory symptoms observed following rainbow trout exposure might partly be driven by a significant increase in methemoglobin, resulting in an impaired ability to oxygenate tissues. This study is the first to examine the effects of 6PPD-quinone exposure on the cardiorespiratory system of salmonid fishes and provides information invaluable to a better understanding of the mechanism of 6PPD-quinone toxicity.
{"title":"Acute cardiorespiratory effects of 6PPD-quinone on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)","authors":"Summer J. Selinger ,&nbsp;David Montgomery ,&nbsp;Steve Wiseman ,&nbsp;Markus Hecker ,&nbsp;Lynn Weber ,&nbsp;Markus Brinkmann ,&nbsp;David Janz","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) is an environmental transformation product of the widely used rubber tire antioxidant, 6PPD. Found in stormwater runoff, 6PPD-quinone has been reported to cause acute lethality at ≤1 μg/L in salmonids like coho salmon, rainbow trout, and brook trout. Conversely, other species such as Arctic char and brown trout are insensitive, even when exposed to significantly greater concentrations (3.8–50 μg/L). Sensitive species exhibit symptoms such as gasping, spiraling, increased ventilation, and loss of equilibrium, suggesting a possible impact on cardiorespiratory physiology. This study investigated sublethal 6PPD-quinone toxicities, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic effects in two salmonids of varying sensitivity: a sensitive species, rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss)</em> and a tolerant species, Arctic char (<em>Salvelinus alpinus</em>). Fish were exposed to measured concentrations of 0.59 or 7.15 μg/L 6PPD-quinone, respectively, in respirometry chambers for 48 h to assess temporal changes in resting oxygen consumption compared to unexposed controls. Following exposure, cardiac ultrasound and electrocardiography characterized cardiac function <em>in vivo,</em> while blood gas analysis examined blood composition changes. In both species, changes in resting oxygen consumption were observed. In rainbow trout only, a decrease in end systolic volume and an increase in passive ventricular filling, cardiac output, and PR interval length were observed, indicating cardiac stimulation. Cardiorespiratory symptoms observed following rainbow trout exposure might partly be driven by a significant increase in methemoglobin, resulting in an impaired ability to oxygenate tissues. This study is the first to examine the effects of 6PPD-quinone exposure on the cardiorespiratory system of salmonid fishes and provides information invaluable to a better understanding of the mechanism of 6PPD-quinone toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107288"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modelling the size distribution and bioaccumulation of gold nanoparticles under mixture exposure
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107286
Yao Li , Xiangrui Wang , Dingyuan Liang , Xiaoli Zhao , Zhaomin Dong , Yingchen Bai , Wen-Xiong Wang , Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg , Ying Wang , Wenhong Fan
To assess the bioaccumulation and toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs), analyzing and modelling the relationship between the size distribution of NPs in organisms and the exposure particle size distribution represents an important challenge. Previous studies mostly focused on the NPs with single size. However, the size distribution of NPs is wide and variable in the natural environment. There is a lack of research on the NPs with mixed sizes. This study investigated the size distribution of three gold (Au) NPs with different sizes and their mixtures within a ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila under the same number concentration of particles. Results revealed that smaller particles tended to aggregate and bioaccumulate more in cells. Using expectation–maximization algorithm, a particle size distribution model of NPs in cells was established. This model effectively simulated the size distribution of NPs with mixed sizes in cells, demonstrating high accuracy with a mean absolute error of < 0.001, a root mean squared error of < 0.001, and a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.98. Experimental results further verified that the model reliably predicted the size distribution of NPs with mixed sizes in cells, and smaller particles accounted for a larger proportion of the size distribution and bioaccumulation. These results demonstrated the importance of particle size and size distribution of NPs in their environmental effects. Models developed here can provide guidance for future evaluation of the environmental risks of NPs mixtures.
{"title":"Modelling the size distribution and bioaccumulation of gold nanoparticles under mixture exposure","authors":"Yao Li ,&nbsp;Xiangrui Wang ,&nbsp;Dingyuan Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhaomin Dong ,&nbsp;Yingchen Bai ,&nbsp;Wen-Xiong Wang ,&nbsp;Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the bioaccumulation and toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs), analyzing and modelling the relationship between the size distribution of NPs in organisms and the exposure particle size distribution represents an important challenge. Previous studies mostly focused on the NPs with single size. However, the size distribution of NPs is wide and variable in the natural environment. There is a lack of research on the NPs with mixed sizes. This study investigated the size distribution of three gold (Au) NPs with different sizes and their mixtures within a ciliate <em>Tetrahymena thermophila</em> under the same number concentration of particles. Results revealed that smaller particles tended to aggregate and bioaccumulate more in cells. Using expectation–maximization algorithm, a particle size distribution model of NPs in cells was established. This model effectively simulated the size distribution of NPs with mixed sizes in cells, demonstrating high accuracy with a mean absolute error of &lt; 0.001, a root mean squared error of &lt; 0.001, and a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.98. Experimental results further verified that the model reliably predicted the size distribution of NPs with mixed sizes in cells, and smaller particles accounted for a larger proportion of the size distribution and bioaccumulation. These results demonstrated the importance of particle size and size distribution of NPs in their environmental effects. Models developed here can provide guidance for future evaluation of the environmental risks of NPs mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107286"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BIF-induced ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in embryonic cell culture of Daphnia magna
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107285
Sreevidya CP , Ajitha V , Manoj Kumar TM , Manomi S , Bhavya K , I․S․Bright Singh , Jayesh Puthumana
Bifenthrin (BIF) is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that poses significant risks to the environment, particularly to aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of BIF on Daphnia magna cells were evaluated using in vitro methods. To achieve this, we developed a novel embryonic cell culture system from D.magna using Modified Schneider's Insect Medium (MSIM), which demonstrated remarkable viability for over two months. The lethal concentration 50 (LC50) values of BIF were determined using this cell culture system through XTT (2,3-bis-(2‑methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-(2H)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)assays, yielding values of 7.4 µg/mL and 4.3 µg/mL for 24 h and 48 h exposures, respectively. A fluorometric intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was employed to measure ROS production, revealing that BIF exposure induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The activities of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly reduced, indicating oxidative damage. Co-treatment with N-acetylcysteine(NAC) mitigated these effects, restoring antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing (ROS) levels. Gene expression analysis via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed upregulation of stress-related genes (hsp70, hsp90) and antioxidant genes (Mn/ZnSod, cat) following exposure to LC50 concentrations of BIF. However, prolonged exposure led to a downregulation of these genes, suggesting cumulative effects over time. The comet assay confirmed that BIF caused genotoxicity, as evidenced by significant increases in comet and tail lengths. Co-treatment with NAC effectively mitigated these genotoxic effects. This study highlighted the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of BIF in aquatic organisms and suggested the need for environmentally friendly pest control strategies. Also, the findings confirmed the reliability of D. magna embryonic cell cultures for assessing the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants, offering new possibilities for in vitro toxicity testing at cellular and molecular levels.
{"title":"BIF-induced ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in embryonic cell culture of Daphnia magna","authors":"Sreevidya CP ,&nbsp;Ajitha V ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar TM ,&nbsp;Manomi S ,&nbsp;Bhavya K ,&nbsp;I․S․Bright Singh ,&nbsp;Jayesh Puthumana","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bifenthrin (BIF) is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that poses significant risks to the environment, particularly to aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of BIF on <em>Daphnia magna</em> cells were evaluated using <em>in vitro</em> methods. To achieve this, we developed a novel embryonic cell culture system from <em>D.magna</em> using Modified Schneider's Insect Medium (MSIM), which demonstrated remarkable viability for over two months. The lethal concentration 50 (LC<sub>50</sub>) values of BIF were determined using this cell culture system through XTT (2,3-bis-(2‑methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-(2H)-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide)assays, yielding values of 7.4 µg/mL and 4.3 µg/mL for 24 h and 48 h exposures, respectively. A fluorometric intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay was employed to measure ROS production, revealing that BIF exposure induced oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The activities of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were significantly reduced, indicating oxidative damage. Co-treatment with N-acetylcysteine(NAC) mitigated these effects, restoring antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing (ROS) levels. Gene expression analysis via quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed upregulation of stress-related genes (hsp70, hsp90) and antioxidant genes (Mn/ZnSod, cat) following exposure to LC<sub>50</sub> concentrations of BIF. However, prolonged exposure led to a downregulation of these genes, suggesting cumulative effects over time. The comet assay confirmed that BIF caused genotoxicity, as evidenced by significant increases in comet and tail lengths. Co-treatment with NAC effectively mitigated these genotoxic effects. This study highlighted the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of BIF in aquatic organisms and suggested the need for environmentally friendly pest control strategies. Also, the findings confirmed the reliability of <em>D. magna</em> embryonic cell cultures for assessing the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants, offering new possibilities for <em>in vitro</em> toxicity testing at cellular and molecular levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107285"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antibacterials exert toxic effects on aquatic organisms by inhibiting respiration, inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107284
Hagar Fadda , Raheema Hassan Khan , Yara Shqair , Cemile Uslu , Alexander V. Panov , Alex Lyakhovich
Although bactericidal antibiotics are an integral part of infectious disease medicine, the uncontrolled use of these drugs in recent years is beginning to affect the environment, especially water resources. With the exception of a few well-documented toxic effects, antimicrobials are thought to act mainly on bacteria and, at low doses, have no deleterious effects on eukaryotic organisms. However, since mitochondria are direct ancient relatives of prokaryotes, mitochondrial dysfunction induced by antibiotic exposure can also occur in higher eukaryotes. In this work, we used the microcrustacean Artemia salina to show how some known antibacterial drugs exert toxic effects on mitochondria, suppressing cellular and organismal respiration in aquatic organisms. We have demonstrated that exposure to antimicrobials of different classes, namely kanamycin A, tetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol, leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and is accompanied by autophagy. Our results suggest that the emergence of antibactericidal drugs, increasingly appearing in wastewater, may have far-reaching consequences for aquatic areas adjacent to large cities.
{"title":"Antibacterials exert toxic effects on aquatic organisms by inhibiting respiration, inducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and autophagy","authors":"Hagar Fadda ,&nbsp;Raheema Hassan Khan ,&nbsp;Yara Shqair ,&nbsp;Cemile Uslu ,&nbsp;Alexander V. Panov ,&nbsp;Alex Lyakhovich","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although bactericidal antibiotics are an integral part of infectious disease medicine, the uncontrolled use of these drugs in recent years is beginning to affect the environment, especially water resources. With the exception of a few well-documented toxic effects, antimicrobials are thought to act mainly on bacteria and, at low doses, have no deleterious effects on eukaryotic organisms. However, since mitochondria are direct ancient relatives of prokaryotes, mitochondrial dysfunction induced by antibiotic exposure can also occur in higher eukaryotes. In this work, we used the microcrustacean <em>Artemia salina</em> to show how some known antibacterial drugs exert toxic effects on mitochondria, suppressing cellular and organismal respiration in aquatic organisms. We have demonstrated that exposure to antimicrobials of different classes, namely kanamycin A, tetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol, leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and is accompanied by autophagy. Our results suggest that the emergence of antibactericidal drugs, increasingly appearing in wastewater, may have far-reaching consequences for aquatic areas adjacent to large cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107284"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insecticidal nanoformulations based on a lipid matrix: Physicochemical properties and their effect on non-target aquatic biota
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107268
Catarina Ganilho , Manuel A. Andino-Enríquez , Thacilla I. de Menezes , Lisete Fernandes , Carlos M. Pereira , Ruth Pereira , Tatiana Andreani
The incorporation of lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) in lipid nanoparticles (LN) could be a sustainable strategy to increase its efficacy and decrease its hazard to the environment. The purpose of the present work was to perform the interaction between LC and LN after nanoencapsulation and to evaluate their effect on species from different aquatic trophic levels such as Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Lemna minor, and Daphnia magna. LN loaded with LC (LN-LC) were produced by green and simple methodology without organic solvents using Precirol ATO5® and Capryol 90® as solid and liquid lipids, respectively, and soy lecithin and TEGO® Care as emulsifiers. The physicochemical interaction between LC and LN was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray, confirming that LC is associated with the lipid lattice of nanoparticles, characterized by an amorphous matrix. The data from biological tests showed no or low toxicity of LN-LC on the selected aquatic organisms. Thus, encapsulation in lipid-based nanoparticles may be a promising and sustainable choice for using this insecticide in agricultural practices, reducing its environmental risk.
{"title":"Insecticidal nanoformulations based on a lipid matrix: Physicochemical properties and their effect on non-target aquatic biota","authors":"Catarina Ganilho ,&nbsp;Manuel A. Andino-Enríquez ,&nbsp;Thacilla I. de Menezes ,&nbsp;Lisete Fernandes ,&nbsp;Carlos M. Pereira ,&nbsp;Ruth Pereira ,&nbsp;Tatiana Andreani","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) in lipid nanoparticles (LN) could be a sustainable strategy to increase its efficacy and decrease its hazard to the environment. The purpose of the present work was to perform the interaction between LC and LN after nanoencapsulation and to evaluate their effect on species from different aquatic trophic levels such as <em>Aliivibrio fischeri, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Lemna minor,</em> and <em>Daphnia magna</em>. LN loaded with LC (LN-LC) were produced by green and simple methodology without organic solvents using Precirol ATO5® and Capryol 90® as solid and liquid lipids, respectively, and soy lecithin and TEGO® Care as emulsifiers. The physicochemical interaction between LC and LN was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray, confirming that LC is associated with the lipid lattice of nanoparticles, characterized by an amorphous matrix. The data from biological tests showed no or low toxicity of LN-LC on the selected aquatic organisms. Thus, encapsulation in lipid-based nanoparticles may be a promising and sustainable choice for using this insecticide in agricultural practices, reducing its environmental risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107268"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Combined effect of mercury and ammonia toxicity and its mitigation through selenium nanoparticles in fish
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107270
Anupama Shinde , Rajesh Sharma , Prem Kumar , Tarkeshwar Kumar , Kotha Sammi Reddy , Neeraj Kumar
An experiment was conducted to mitigate mercury and ammonia toxicity (Hg + NH₃) in Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT strain) using selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). The Se-NPs were synthesized using green methods, employing fish waste as the substrate. Experimental diets were prepared by supplementing Se-NPs at 0, 0.3, and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹. The oxidative stress enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the liver and kidney tissues were significantly reduced by Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ under Hg + NH₃ stress compared to the control and stressor in 20 and 40 day periods. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidney at 20 days and in the liver at 40 days was significantly reduced by supplementation of Se-NPs under similar conditions. The activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), was significantly inhibited by Hg + NH₃ toxicity. Whereas, AChE activity was enhanced by Se-NPs supplementation at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ during 20 and 40 day intervals. The gene expression of HSP70, iNOS, CYP450, Caspase-3a, and TNFα in liver tissue, and MYST in muscle tissue was upregulated by Hg+NH₃ toxicity. However, this upregulation was significantly downregulated by supplementation of Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ under Hg + NH₃ stress. Moreover, immunoglobulin (Ig) and growth hormone (GH) levels were noticeably upregulated with Se-NPs compared to the control and Hg+NH₃ stress. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in liver and gill tissues, were significantly elevated by Hg+NH₃ toxicity, were reduced by Se-NPs diet. Conversely, digestive enzyme activities, including protease, amylase, and lipase, were significantly enhanced by Se-NPs under stress conditions. Dietary supplementation with Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ improved growth performance parameters such as final weight gain percentage, feed conversion ratio, protein conversion ratio, specific growth rate, daily growth index, and relative feed intake compared to the control and other groups. DNA damage, assessed in terms of tail DNA percentage, was significantly reduced with Se-NPs supplementation. Additionally, mercury detoxification was significantly enhanced with Se-NPs-supplemented diets. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that dietary Se-NPs effectively alleviate the adverse effects of mercury and ammonia toxicity by modulating antioxidant status, enhancing immunomodulation, and mitigating stress biomarker impacts through changes in gene expression in fish.
{"title":"Combined effect of mercury and ammonia toxicity and its mitigation through selenium nanoparticles in fish","authors":"Anupama Shinde ,&nbsp;Rajesh Sharma ,&nbsp;Prem Kumar ,&nbsp;Tarkeshwar Kumar ,&nbsp;Kotha Sammi Reddy ,&nbsp;Neeraj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An experiment was conducted to mitigate mercury and ammonia toxicity (Hg + NH₃) in <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> (GIFT strain) using selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). The Se-NPs were synthesized using green methods, employing fish waste as the substrate. Experimental diets were prepared by supplementing Se-NPs at 0, 0.3, and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹. The oxidative stress enzymes, including catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the liver and kidney tissues were significantly reduced by Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ under Hg + NH₃ stress compared to the control and stressor in 20 and 40 day periods. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidney at 20 days and in the liver at 40 days was significantly reduced by supplementation of Se-NPs under similar conditions. The activity of acetylcholine esterase (AChE), was significantly inhibited by Hg + NH₃ toxicity. Whereas, AChE activity was enhanced by Se-NPs supplementation at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ during 20 and 40 day intervals. The gene expression of <em>HSP70, iNOS, CYP450, Caspase-3a</em>, and <em>TNFα</em> in liver tissue, and <em>MYST</em> in muscle tissue was upregulated by Hg+NH₃ toxicity. However, this upregulation was significantly downregulated by supplementation of Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ under Hg + NH₃ stress. Moreover, immunoglobulin (<em>Ig</em>) and growth hormone (<em>GH)</em> levels were noticeably upregulated with Se-NPs compared to the control and Hg+NH₃ stress. The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in liver and gill tissues, were significantly elevated by Hg+NH₃ toxicity, were reduced by Se-NPs diet. Conversely, digestive enzyme activities, including protease, amylase, and lipase, were significantly enhanced by Se-NPs under stress conditions. Dietary supplementation with Se-NPs at 0.3 and 0.6 mg kg⁻¹ improved growth performance parameters such as final weight gain percentage, feed conversion ratio, protein conversion ratio, specific growth rate, daily growth index, and relative feed intake compared to the control and other groups. DNA damage, assessed in terms of tail DNA percentage, was significantly reduced with Se-NPs supplementation. Additionally, mercury detoxification was significantly enhanced with Se-NPs-supplemented diets. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that dietary Se-NPs effectively alleviate the adverse effects of mercury and ammonia toxicity by modulating antioxidant status, enhancing immunomodulation, and mitigating stress biomarker impacts through changes in gene expression in fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107270"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prolonged curcumin supplementation causes tissue-specific antioxidant responses in adult oysters: Potential implications for resilience against abiotic and biotic stressors in the aquaculture industry
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107282
Heloísa Bárbara Gabe , Karine Amabile Taruhn , Danielle Ferraz Mello , Melody Lebrun , Christine Paillard , Charlotte Corporeau , Alcir Luiz Dafre , Rafael Trevisan
Aquatic animals inhabiting marine coastal environments are highly susceptible to environmental fluctuations and pollution, exemplified by widespread mass mortalities induced by marine bacteria or viruses. Enhancing antioxidant defenses presents a promising strategy to mitigate such environmental stressors. We postulated that supplementation of oysters with natural compounds such as flavonoids, exemplified by curcumin (CUR), could effectively bolster their antioxidant protection. Adult Pacific oysters were supplemented with CUR (30 μM) in seawater for 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. CUR metabolites progressively accumulated in gills, mantle, and digestive glands. Notably, oyster antioxidant response was significantly augmented, as evidenced by elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced activities of glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 4, 8, and 16 days of CUR supplementation. This response was tissue-specific, with the most pronounced increase in gills, followed by mantle, whereas digestive gland exhibited minimal response. After being supplemented with CUR for 8 days, oysters were subjected to antioxidant-disrupting agents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), 1‑chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Both chemicals reduced antioxidant protection in untreated animals. However, CUR supplementation prevented these redox-disrupting effects, suggesting the potential ability of CUR to counteract antioxidant stressors. The effects of 8 days of CUR supplementation were also tested against the lethal effects of the pathogens V. tapetis, V, alginolyticus, and V. anguillarum, but CUR failed to induce immunological protection. The antioxidant protection induced by CUR holds promise for application in aquaculture to bolster animal health and resilience against abiotic stressors. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of CUR supplementation and its role against biotic stressors, such as bacterial and viral infections.
{"title":"Prolonged curcumin supplementation causes tissue-specific antioxidant responses in adult oysters: Potential implications for resilience against abiotic and biotic stressors in the aquaculture industry","authors":"Heloísa Bárbara Gabe ,&nbsp;Karine Amabile Taruhn ,&nbsp;Danielle Ferraz Mello ,&nbsp;Melody Lebrun ,&nbsp;Christine Paillard ,&nbsp;Charlotte Corporeau ,&nbsp;Alcir Luiz Dafre ,&nbsp;Rafael Trevisan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic animals inhabiting marine coastal environments are highly susceptible to environmental fluctuations and pollution, exemplified by widespread mass mortalities induced by marine bacteria or viruses. Enhancing antioxidant defenses presents a promising strategy to mitigate such environmental stressors. We postulated that supplementation of oysters with natural compounds such as flavonoids, exemplified by curcumin (CUR), could effectively bolster their antioxidant protection. Adult Pacific oysters were supplemented with CUR (30 μM) in seawater for 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. CUR metabolites progressively accumulated in gills, mantle, and digestive glands. Notably, oyster antioxidant response was significantly augmented, as evidenced by elevated glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced activities of glutathione reductase (GR), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) after 4, 8, and 16 days of CUR supplementation. This response was tissue-specific, with the most pronounced increase in gills, followed by mantle, whereas digestive gland exhibited minimal response. After being supplemented with CUR for 8 days, oysters were subjected to antioxidant-disrupting agents such as N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), 1‑chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Both chemicals reduced antioxidant protection in untreated animals. However, CUR supplementation prevented these redox-disrupting effects, suggesting the potential ability of CUR to counteract antioxidant stressors. The effects of 8 days of CUR supplementation were also tested against the lethal effects of the pathogens V<em>. tapetis,</em> V<em>, alginolyticus,</em> and V<em>. anguillarum,</em> but CUR failed to induce immunological protection<em>.</em> The antioxidant protection induced by CUR holds promise for application in aquaculture to bolster animal health and resilience against abiotic stressors. Further research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of CUR supplementation and its role against biotic stressors, such as bacterial and viral infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107282"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of CYP1A and AhR modulation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced developmental defects in Japanese medaka
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107267
Shusaku Fukugami , Masatoshi Yamasaki , Emiko Kokushi , Seiichi Uno
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to induce developmental malformations in fish embryos. However, the interaction between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) in PAH-induced development defects remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the CYP1A inhibitor piperonylbutoxide (PBO) and the AhR antagonist CH223191 (CH) on the development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias Latipes) embryos exposed to different PAHs. Japanese medaka embryos were exposed to three conditions: PAH alone, PAH and PBO, and PAH and CH. Microscopic observations were performed to examine the presence of developmental defects. Although neither phenanthrene (Phe) nor fluoranthene (Flu) induced morphological malformations in larvae, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) exposure induced craniofacial deformities in the larvae. Additionally, BaA and PBO co-exposure significantly increased the rate and severity of malformations. Pyrene (Pyr) exposure induced craniofacial defects, cardiac hypertrophy, pericardial edema, and spinal curvature, which were attenuated by exposure to either CH or PBO. Collectively, these findings suggest that structurally different PAHs exert their toxic effects via distinct mechanisms during fish development.
{"title":"Influence of CYP1A and AhR modulation on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced developmental defects in Japanese medaka","authors":"Shusaku Fukugami ,&nbsp;Masatoshi Yamasaki ,&nbsp;Emiko Kokushi ,&nbsp;Seiichi Uno","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to induce developmental malformations in fish embryos. However, the interaction between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) in PAH-induced development defects remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the CYP1A inhibitor piperonylbutoxide (PBO) and the AhR antagonist CH223191 (CH) on the development of Japanese medaka (<em>Oryzias Latipes</em>) embryos exposed to different PAHs. Japanese medaka embryos were exposed to three conditions: PAH alone, PAH and PBO, and PAH and CH. Microscopic observations were performed to examine the presence of developmental defects. Although neither phenanthrene (Phe) nor fluoranthene (Flu) induced morphological malformations in larvae, benzo(a)anthracene (BaA) exposure induced craniofacial deformities in the larvae. Additionally, BaA and PBO co-exposure significantly increased the rate and severity of malformations. Pyrene (Pyr) exposure induced craniofacial defects, cardiac hypertrophy, pericardial edema, and spinal curvature, which were attenuated by exposure to either CH or PBO. Collectively, these findings suggest that structurally different PAHs exert their toxic effects via distinct mechanisms during fish development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The key molecular mechanisms of antagonism induced by combined exposure to erythromycin and roxithromycin in Chlorella pyrenoidosa
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107269
Feifan Wu , Xiangjie Pan , Yuhao Zhou , Yan Zhu , Kai Liu , Wei Li , Jiangang Han
Emerging pollutants such as antibiotics have raised great concern in recent years, but the complex coexistence of multiple antibiotics in the environment poses a new challenge in the accurate assessment of the toxicity of antibiotics to aquatic organisms such as microalgae. In this study, the mechanism of action of a combination of erythromycin (ERY) and roxithromycin (ROX) on Chlorella pyrenoidosa was illustrated based on the physiological–biochemical response and transcriptomic analysis. The results revealed an inhibitory effect on the biomass of C. pyrenoidosa at 14 d in all treatment groups, whereas an antagonistic effect was observed in the coexposure groups. The photosystem was the main target despite the existence of multiple compensatory mechanisms, such as expanding the antenna size and initiating alternative electron carriers. The intercept of electrons on the donor side of PSI limited the production of energy, whereas the adjustment of the content and ratio of pigments strengthened microalgal adaptation. Enzymes and genes related to the degradation of exogenous compounds, including cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ABC transporters, mediated the detoxification of antibiotics. The upregulated expression of related genes induced by coexposure increased resistance and explained the antagonistic effects. The shift in energy allocation by increasing the proportion of lipids met the urgent requirements of microalgal physiological activities. This study reemphasizes the modes of interactions between multiple antibiotics and provides new insights into the mechanisms of antagonism induced by combinations of antibiotics.
{"title":"The key molecular mechanisms of antagonism induced by combined exposure to erythromycin and roxithromycin in Chlorella pyrenoidosa","authors":"Feifan Wu ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Pan ,&nbsp;Yuhao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Zhu ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Jiangang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging pollutants such as antibiotics have raised great concern in recent years, but the complex coexistence of multiple antibiotics in the environment poses a new challenge in the accurate assessment of the toxicity of antibiotics to aquatic organisms such as microalgae. In this study, the mechanism of action of a combination of erythromycin (ERY) and roxithromycin (ROX) on <em>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</em> was illustrated based on the physiological–biochemical response and transcriptomic analysis. The results revealed an inhibitory effect on the biomass of <em>C. pyrenoidosa</em> at 14 d in all treatment groups, whereas an antagonistic effect was observed in the coexposure groups. The photosystem was the main target despite the existence of multiple compensatory mechanisms, such as expanding the antenna size and initiating alternative electron carriers. The intercept of electrons on the donor side of PSI limited the production of energy, whereas the adjustment of the content and ratio of pigments strengthened microalgal adaptation. Enzymes and genes related to the degradation of exogenous compounds, including cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ABC transporters, mediated the detoxification of antibiotics. The upregulated expression of related genes induced by coexposure increased resistance and explained the antagonistic effects. The shift in energy allocation by increasing the proportion of lipids met the urgent requirements of microalgal physiological activities. This study reemphasizes the modes of interactions between multiple antibiotics and provides new insights into the mechanisms of antagonism induced by combinations of antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vitamin C alleviates intestinal damage induced by 17α-methyltestosterone in Carassius auratus
IF 4.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107266
Haiyan Zhao , Tongyao Li , Chenyang Li , Zijun Xiong , Weiya Rong , Lu Cao , Gen Chen , Qing Liu , Yu Liu , Xianzong Wang , Shaozhen Liu
17α-Methyltestosterone (MT), an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is widely present in aquatic environments, posing potential threats to the health of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Vitamin C (VC) against MT-induced intestinal injury in Carassius auratus and evaluate the optimal VC dosage. C. auratus were exposed to 50 ng/L MT with 0, 25, 50, and 150 mg/kg VC for 7, 14, and 21 d. Intestinal pathological changes were assessed using paraffin sections, digestive enzyme activity was measured, RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of genes related to the intestinal barrier and inflammation, and 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted to evaluate the intestinal flora. MT exposure caused villus damage, vacuolization, and free lymphocytes. Additionally, it upregulated TNF-α and Claudin-12 expression and downregulated IL-10, Occludin, and Muc2 expression, exacerbating intestinal inflammation, damaging barrier function, and reducing digestive enzyme activity. VC at 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly alleviated MT-induced damage by restoring villus length and mitigating the downregulation of anti-inflammatory factors and tight junction protein-related genes while inhibiting TNF-α mRNA expression. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that MT disrupted the intestinal flora and increased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Acinetobacter, whereas VC promoted Lactobacillus production and enhanced digestive enzyme activity. We hypothesize that MT exposure promotes the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestines, leading to inflammation and damage to the mucosal barrier. 25 and 50 mg/kg VC can mitigate MT-induced intestinal injury by regulating the intestinal microbiota and have potential protective effects.
{"title":"Vitamin C alleviates intestinal damage induced by 17α-methyltestosterone in Carassius auratus","authors":"Haiyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Tongyao Li ,&nbsp;Chenyang Li ,&nbsp;Zijun Xiong ,&nbsp;Weiya Rong ,&nbsp;Lu Cao ,&nbsp;Gen Chen ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Xianzong Wang ,&nbsp;Shaozhen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2025.107266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>17α-Methyltestosterone (MT), an environmental endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), is widely present in aquatic environments, posing potential threats to the health of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of Vitamin C (VC) against MT-induced intestinal injury in <em>Carassius auratus</em> and evaluate the optimal VC dosage. <em>C. auratus</em> were exposed to 50 ng/L MT with 0, 25, 50, and 150 mg/kg VC for 7, 14, and 21 d. Intestinal pathological changes were assessed using paraffin sections, digestive enzyme activity was measured, RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of genes related to the intestinal barrier and inflammation, and 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted to evaluate the intestinal flora. MT exposure caused villus damage, vacuolization, and free lymphocytes. Additionally, it upregulated <em>TNF-α</em> and <em>Claudin-12</em> expression and downregulated <em>IL-10, Occludin,</em> and <em>Muc2</em> expression, exacerbating intestinal inflammation, damaging barrier function, and reducing digestive enzyme activity. VC at 25 and 50 mg/kg significantly alleviated MT-induced damage by restoring villus length and mitigating the downregulation of anti-inflammatory factors and tight junction protein-related genes while inhibiting <em>TNF-α</em> mRNA expression. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that MT disrupted the intestinal flora and increased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as <em>Acinetobacter</em>, whereas VC promoted <em>Lactobacillus</em> production and enhanced digestive enzyme activity. We hypothesize that MT exposure promotes the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestines, leading to inflammation and damage to the mucosal barrier. 25 and 50 mg/kg VC can mitigate MT-induced intestinal injury by regulating the intestinal microbiota and have potential protective effects<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":248,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Toxicology","volume":"280 ","pages":"Article 107266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Aquatic Toxicology
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