Aquatic Toxicology最新文献

Maternal Daphnia magna exposure to the antidepressant sertraline causes molting disorder, multi-generational reproductive and serotonergic dysfunction 母水蚤接触抗抑郁药舍曲林会导致蜕皮障碍、多代生殖和血清素能障碍

IF 4.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107161

Chenglong Dong, Liqiang Wang, Nikolai Barulin, Juan José Alava, Shaoquan Liu, Dongmei Xiong

Sertraline, one of the most commonly used antidepressants, has exhibited a progressively escalating trend in usage over the course of the last decades years, which have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, this study assessed the transgenerational effects of sertraline on the aquatic microcrustacean Daphnia magna, a parthenogenetic model species. The parental D. magna (G0) were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of sertraline (0.1 and 10 μg/L) for 21 days at individual and population level, and observed exposure triggered specific increased fecundity and desynchronized molting. These alterations were partially inherited through three subsequent non-exposed generations (G1, G2, and G3), as evidenced by increased fecundity and disordered molting in G1, reduced fecundity in G2, and reduced body size of G3-offspring. The molt-related genes neverland 1 and hormone receptor 3 were significantly different to the control group simultaneously only in the exposed generation, which may well be responsible for the molting asynchrony. Vitellogenin plays an important role in reproduction, and our results indicate that its abnormal expression persists up to G3, which was highly correlated with the expression of serotonin transporter, the drug target of sertraline. This finding suggested that sertraline possesses a sustained reproductive toxicity and disrupting potential and may be associated with serotonin dysregulation caused by compensatory feedback of serotonin transporter. In combination with male birth and upregulation of doublesex and vitellogenin, sertraline was deemed to trigger a self-defense response of D. magna, known as “abandon-ship” by increasing reproductive inputs. However, no males was found in individual reproduction test in each generation, which may suggest some interaction between sertraline and population density. Our findings emphasize that the toxic effects of sertraline can be transferred to unexposed generations, even with different adverse consequences, implying that future studies need to focus on transgenerational delayed effects and the underlying mechanisms.

舍曲林是最常用的抗抑郁药物之一，在过去几十年中，其使用量呈逐步上升趋势，而 COVID-19 的流行则加剧了这一趋势。本研究评估了舍曲林对水生微型甲壳动物大型水蚤（一种孤雌生殖的模式物种）的跨代影响。亲本大型蚤（G0）暴露于环境相关浓度的舍曲林（0.1 和 10 μg/L）中 21 天，观察暴露在个体和种群水平上引发的特异性繁殖力增加和非同步蜕皮。这些改变部分遗传给随后的三个非暴露世代（G1、G2 和 G3），表现为 G1 后代繁殖力增加和蜕皮紊乱，G2 后代繁殖力降低，G3 后代体型缩小。与蜕皮相关的基因 neverland 1 和激素受体 3 只有在暴露的一代中才同时与对照组有显著差异，这很可能是造成蜕皮不同步的原因。卵黄素在生殖过程中起着重要作用，我们的研究结果表明，卵黄素的异常表达一直持续到G3，这与舍曲林的药物靶点--5-羟色胺转运体的表达高度相关。这一结果表明，舍曲林具有持续的生殖毒性和破坏潜力，可能与血清素转运体的代偿反馈引起的血清素失调有关。舍曲林与雄性个体的出生以及双倍体素和卵黄素的上调结合在一起，被认为会通过增加生殖输入引发一种被称为 "弃船 "的自卫反应。然而，在每一代的个体繁殖试验中均未发现雄性个体，这可能表明舍曲林与种群密度之间存在某种相互作用。我们的研究结果表明，舍曲林的毒性作用可以转移到未暴露的世代，甚至产生不同的不良后果，这意味着未来的研究需要关注跨代延迟效应及其内在机制。

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引用次数: 0

The role of chorion integrity on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of selenium nanoparticles in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) 绒毛膜完整性对纳米硒粒子在日本青鳉体内的生物累积和毒性的影响

IF 4.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107170

Hongxing Chen, Melissa Chernick, Wu Dong, Lingtian Xie, David E. Hinton

Selenium nanoparticles (nano-Se) have a wide range of biomedical and agricultural applications. However, there is little information on the potential toxicity of nano-Se once it enters the environment, particularly in fish. The first line of defense from contaminants that embryonic fish have is the chorion, but the degree to which the chorion protects the developing embryo is unknown. Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to nano-Se in a wide range of concentrations (0.1-400 µM). The importance of chorion integrity was evaluated by exposing embryos to 16 nm nano-Se under four degrees of dechorionation: intact, roughened, partially-dechorionated, fully-dechorionated. Then, effects of particle size on embryos and larvae were determined using four sizes of nano-Se particles (16, 25-50, 50, 100 nm). The results showed that nano-Se exposure reduced survival, development, and hatching. Nano-Se was observed to adsorb on the chorion, with the amount decreasing with increased degree of dechorionation. Toxicity increased with increasing degree of dechorionation, and smaller-sized nano-Se crossed intact chorion more readily and resulted in higher toxicity than larger ones. In larvae, nano-Se accumulated on the skin and was more toxic compared to embryos. This study demonstrated the importance of the chorion in protecting developing embryos and effects of nanoparticle size on its bioavailability and subsequent toxicity.

纳米硒（nano-Se）具有广泛的生物医学和农业用途。然而，纳米硒一旦进入环境，尤其是鱼类体内，其潜在毒性方面的信息却很少。胚胎鱼类抵御污染物的第一道防线是绒毛膜，但绒毛膜对发育中胚胎的保护程度尚不清楚。日本青鳉（Oryzias latipes）胚胎暴露于各种浓度（0.1-400 µM）的纳米硒。通过将胚胎暴露在 16 纳米纳米硒中，评估了绒毛膜完整性的重要性，绒毛膜完整性包括四种程度的去绒毛膜化：完整、粗糙、部分去绒毛膜化和完全去绒毛膜化。然后，使用四种尺寸的纳米硒颗粒（16、25-50、50、100 nm）测定了颗粒尺寸对胚胎和幼虫的影响。结果表明，纳米硒暴露会降低胚胎和幼虫的存活、发育和孵化率。纳米硒被观察到吸附在绒毛膜上，其数量随着脱绒程度的增加而减少。毒性随绒毛膜脱落程度的增加而增加，尺寸较小的纳米硒比尺寸较大的纳米硒更容易穿过完整的绒毛膜，导致毒性增加。在幼虫体内，纳米硒积聚在皮肤上，与胚胎相比毒性更大。这项研究证明了绒毛膜在保护发育中胚胎方面的重要性，以及纳米粒子的大小对其生物利用率和后续毒性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on nitrogen release, transformation and microbial community during the debris decomposition of Alisma orientale and Iris pseudacorus 全氟烷基酸对东方鸢尾和假鸢尾碎屑分解过程中氮释放、转化和微生物群落的影响

IF 4.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107171

Xiaoqing Li, Zulin Hua, Jianyun Zhang, Junliang Jin, Yifan Wang

The release of nutrients into water during debris decomposition is a serious concern, leading to severe environmental pollution. To understand the effects of extensively present emerging contaminants (such as perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs)) on the nitrogen (N) release and transformation, the concentration dynamics of different N species in surrounding water and changes in microbial communities on biofilm during the 70-days decomposition of two typical submerged macrophyte (Alisma orientale and Iris pseudacorus) debris were studied. The results showed that large amounts of N species (especially organic and ammonium N) were released during decomposition. PFAAs with a low concentration (1 μg/L) could stimulate total N (TN) release, whereas PFAAs with a high concentration (≥ 10 μg/L) might have inhibited TN release. Higher intensities of ammonification, nitrosification, and denitrification, but lower intensities of nitrification were observed in water in the presence of PFAAs. Microbiota associated with organic matter hydrolysis, nitrification and denitrification, as well as PFAA degrading/tolerant bacteria, were beneficial and might have occupied dominant states. Redundancy analysis showed that PFAAs were positively associated with the amounts of nitrate, denitrifiers, and azotobacteria but negatively correlated with the TN, ammonia, nitrite, organic N, and nitrosobacteria amounts (p = 0.0002). The complete N metabolism pathway was identified using PICRUSt and KEGG. Functional genes related to ammonification (0.76‰–2.16‰), N reduction (3.43‰–5.05‰), and assimilation (0.81‰–2.16‰) were more abundant than others in all treatments. This study provides a more comprehensive understanding of N cycling during debris decomposition under the increasingly intractable threat of emerging contaminants in aquatic ecosystems.

碎片分解过程中向水中释放营养物质是一个令人严重关切的问题，会导致严重的环境污染。为了了解广泛存在的新污染物（如全氟烷基酸（PFAAs））对氮（N）释放和转化的影响，研究了两种典型水下大型植物（东方鸢尾和假鸢尾）残片在 70 天分解过程中，周围水体中不同氮物种的浓度动态以及生物膜上微生物群落的变化。结果表明，分解过程中释放出大量氮（尤其是有机氮和铵态氮）。低浓度（1 μg/L）的全氟辛烷磺酸可刺激总氮（TN）的释放，而高浓度（≥ 10 μg/L）的全氟辛烷磺酸可能会抑制 TN 的释放。在含有全氟辛烷磺酸的水中，氨化、亚硝化和反硝化的强度较高，但硝化的强度较低。与有机物水解、硝化和反硝化相关的微生物群以及全氟辛烷磺酸降解菌/耐受菌对水体有益，并可能占据主导地位。冗余分析表明，全氟辛烷磺酸与硝酸盐、反硝化菌和氮细菌的数量呈正相关，但与 TN、氨氮、亚硝酸盐、有机氮和亚硝基细菌的数量呈负相关（p = 0.0002）。利用 PICRUSt 和 KEGG 确定了完整的氮代谢途径。在所有处理中，与氨化（0.76‰-2.16‰）、氮还原（3.43‰-5.05‰）和同化（0.81‰-2.16‰）相关的功能基因都比其他功能基因丰富。在水生生态系统中新出现的污染物的威胁日益严重的情况下，这项研究为人们更全面地了解碎屑分解过程中的氮循环提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Impacts of nanopolystyrene and/or phoxim exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations on the intestinal histopathology, intestinal microbiota, and metabolome in Eriocheir sinensis 暴露于环境相关浓度的纳米多苯乙烯和/或辛硫磷对中华鳖肠道组织病理学、肠道微生物群和代谢组的影响

IF 4.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107168

Shuquan Ding, Shunli Che, Mengting Huang, Yuan Ma, Longteng Shen, Jianbin Feng, Xilei Li

Nanopolystyrene (NP) pollution in aquatic environments has become an increasing concern. Phoxim (PHO), one of the major organophosphorus pesticides, has also been detected in aquatic environments, posing serious health risks to crustaceans. This study aimed to assess the detrimental effects of NP and/or PHO exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations on the intestinal histopathology, intestinal microbiota, and metabolome of adult crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) for 21 days. Our study revealed significant histopathological abnormalities in the intestines. In all the exposure groups, there was a discovery of vacuolar degeneration occurring in epithelial cells. Additionally, the peritrophic membrane exhibited thinning after NP or PHO single exposure, while thickening was observed after co-exposure. Exposure to NP and/or PHO disrupted the intestinal microbiota homeostasis, as evidenced by the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and suppression of beneficial bacteria. Notably, PHO exposure resulted in increased abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Spiroplasma and Arcobacter) and decreased abundance of beneficial bacteria (Bacteroides). Analysis of the metabolome revealed that exposure to NP and/or PHO led to alterations in the metabolic profile as well as several critical pathways. Among these, the upregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism, ABC transporters, and biosynthesis of amino acids was observed in both NP single exposure and co-exposure, while PHO single exposure downregulated these pathways. Additionally, NP and/or PHO exposure downregulated neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the significant reduction of some differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) was potentially regulated by the low-abundance bacterial genera following exposure to NP and/or PHO. And these DEMs have a role in anti-inflammatory or antioxidant properties. Collectively, our results offer novel perspectives on the intestinal toxicity of crustaceans by NP and/or PHO at environmentally relevant concentrations.

水生环境中的纳米多苯乙烯（NP）污染日益受到关注。水生环境中也检测到了主要有机磷农药之一的辛硫磷（PHO），对甲壳类动物的健康构成严重威胁。本研究旨在评估暴露于环境相关浓度的 NP 和/或 PHO 21 天对中华绒螯蟹成蟹肠道组织病理学、肠道微生物群和代谢组的有害影响。我们的研究发现，螃蟹的肠道组织病理学出现了明显的异常。在所有暴露组中，都发现上皮细胞发生空泡变性。此外，单一暴露于 NP 或 PHO 后，营养周膜变薄，而共同暴露后，营养周膜增厚。暴露于 NP 和/或 PHO 会破坏肠道微生物群的平衡，表现为致病菌的增殖和有益菌的抑制。值得注意的是，暴露于 PHO 会导致致病菌（螺原体和弧菌）的数量增加和有益菌（乳杆菌）的数量减少。对代谢组的分析表明，暴露于 NP 和/或 PHO 会导致代谢概况以及几种关键途径的改变。其中，花生四烯酸代谢、ABC 转运体和氨基酸的生物合成在 NP 单一暴露和共同暴露中都出现了上调，而 PHO 单一暴露则下调了这些途径。此外，NP 和/或 PHO 暴露会降低神经活性配体与受体之间的相互作用。斯皮尔曼相关分析表明，暴露于 NP 和/或 PHO 后，一些差异表达代谢物（DEMs）的显著减少可能受低丰度细菌属的调控。而这些 DEMs 具有抗炎或抗氧化作用。总之，我们的研究结果为研究环境相关浓度的 NP 和/或 PHO 对甲壳动物肠道的毒性提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Uptake, removal and trophic transfer of fluorescent polyethylene microplastics by freshwater model organisms: the impact of particle size and food availability 淡水模式生物对荧光聚乙烯微塑料的吸收、清除和营养转移：颗粒大小和食物供应的影响。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107165

Ning Gong , Zhiyuan Wang , Xiaofan Wang , Kuishuang Shao

As an emerging contaminant, microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in freshwater ecosystems and pose potential threats to aquatic organisms, attracting significant attention from both the scientific community and the general public. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the mechanisms of MPs transfer within aquatic biota and how particle size and food availability influence their transport patterns. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) were selected as a model organism to investigate the uptake and elimination of fluorescent polyethylene (PE) MPs under different exposure scenarios (waterborne or trophic transfer, with or without food) and varying particle sizes (ranging from 10-300 μm at concentrations of 0.1, 2, and 300 mg/L). Additionally, water fleas (Daphnia magna) were provided as prey for the fish. The dynamic accumulation of PE-MPs sized between 10-20 μm at a concentration of 25 mg/L by daphnia was also determined along with its impact on animal feeding behavior. The results demonstrated that both organisms were capable of ingesting PE-MPs during exposures lasting up to 24 hours for daphnia and up to 72 hours for zebrafish. Furthermore, rapid elimination rates were observed within just 30 minutes for daphnia and between 6-12 hours for zebrafish. The presence of food reduced MPs uptake and removal by daphnia but significantly increased MP elimination by fish. Zebrafish showed a preference for ingesting larger-sized MPs that they could easily recognize; however, trophic transfer from daphnia to fish was found to be the primary route of ingestion specifically for PE-MPs sized between 10-20 μm. The findings suggest that while fish directly ingest fewer invisible MPs from the water column, they still accumulate these particles through predation on contaminated prey organisms. Therefore, it is imperative to prioritize the ecological risks associated with the transfer of MPs from zooplankton to fish.

作为一种新出现的污染物，微塑料（MPs）广泛分布于淡水生态系统中，对水生生物构成潜在威胁，引起了科学界和公众的极大关注。然而，关于微塑料在水生生物群落中的迁移机制，以及颗粒大小和食物可获得性如何影响其迁移模式，目前仍存在不确定性。本研究选择了斑马鱼（Danio rerio）作为模式生物，研究在不同的暴露情景（水传播或营养转移，有或无食物）和不同粒径（10-300 μm，浓度为 0.1、2 和 300 mg/L）下，荧光聚乙烯（PE）MPs 的吸收和消除情况。此外，还提供了水蚤（大型水蚤）作为鱼类的猎物。还测定了水蚤对浓度为 25 毫克/升、大小为 10-20 微米的 PE-MPs 的动态积累情况及其对动物摄食行为的影响。结果表明，在接触 PE-MPs 长达 24 小时（水蚤）和 72 小时（斑马鱼）期间，这两种生物都能摄取 PE-MPs。此外，水蚤和斑马鱼分别在 30 分钟和 6-12 小时内迅速消除了这些物质。食物的存在减少了水蚤对 MPs 的吸收和清除，但显著增加了鱼类对 MPs 的清除。斑马鱼倾向于摄取它们容易识别的较大尺寸的 MPs；然而，研究发现，从水蚤到鱼类的营养转移是摄取尺寸在 10-20 μm 之间的 PE-MPs 的主要途径。研究结果表明，虽然鱼类从水体中直接摄入的隐形多孔质微粒较少，但它们仍会通过捕食受污染的猎物生物来积累这些微粒。因此，必须优先考虑浮游动物向鱼类转移 MPs 所带来的生态风险。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated physiological, energy metabolism, and metabonomic responses indicate the stress response in the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei to nitrite stress. 综合生理、能量代谢和代谢反应显示了万年青肝胰脏对亚硝酸盐胁迫的应激反应。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107164

Yafei Duan, Guowei Zhong, Meng Xiao, Yukai Yang, Yun Wang, Yuxiu Nan

Nitrite is a toxic substance found in rearing water that affects shrimp health. The hepatopancreas is an important digestive, immune, and metabolic organ in the shrimp. In this study, shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were separately exposed to 1 and 5 mg/L nitrite stress for 48 h, and the toxicity of nitrite in the hepatopancreas was explored by integrating histology, physiological indicators, energy metabolism, and metabolomics. Nitrite stress induced morphological changes and stress responses in the hepatopancreas. Specifically, physiology-related indices, such as the relative gene expression levels of antioxidants (ROMO1, Nrf2, GPx), endoplasmic reticulum stress (Bip, IRE1 and XBP1), and immune genes (ALF, Pen-3, Lys) were decreased, whereas the gene expression of apoptosis (Casp-3), detoxification (CYP450), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activity were increased. The activities of osmotic adjustment-related enzymes (NKA, CMA, and ATPase) also decreased. Energy metabolism-related indices, such as pyruvate and hepatic glycogen contents, increased, whereas glucose, lactic acid, triglyceride, and ATP contents and ATPase activity decreased, and the relative gene expression levels of carbohydrate metabolism (PDH, HK, and LDH) and electron-transport chain genes (CytC, COI and CCO) decreased, and the expressions of lipid metabolism (AMPK, SREBP, and FAS), tricarboxylic acid cycle (MDH, CS, IDH and FH) genes were also disturbed. The metabolic pattern of the hepatopancreas was affected by nitrite stress. Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism were highly affected, and more functional amino acids varied in the 5 mg/L nitrite stress group. These results reveal the toxic effects of nitrite stress on the stress response, physiology, energy metabolism, and metabolite homeostasis in the hepatopancreas of shrimp. Several potential metabolite biomarker candidates were identified for toxicological evaluation.

亚硝酸盐是饲养水中的一种有毒物质，会影响对虾的健康。肝胰腺是对虾重要的消化、免疫和代谢器官。本研究将对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）分别暴露于1毫克/升和5毫克/升的亚硝酸盐胁迫48小时，通过综合组织学、生理指标、能量代谢和代谢组学等方法探讨亚硝酸盐对肝胰腺的毒性。亚硝酸盐胁迫诱导了肝胰腺的形态变化和应激反应。具体来说，生理相关指标，如抗氧化剂（ROMO1、Nrf2、GPx）、内质网应激（Bip、IRE1和XBP1）和免疫基因（ALF、Pen-3、Lys）的相对基因表达水平降低，而细胞凋亡（Casp-3）、解毒（CYP450）和谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（GOT）活性的基因表达水平升高。渗透调节相关酶（NKA、CMA 和 ATPase）的活性也有所下降。能量代谢相关指标，如丙酮酸和肝糖原含量增加，而葡萄糖、乳酸、甘油三酯和 ATP 含量及 ATP 酶活性降低，碳水化合物代谢（PDH、碳水化合物代谢（PDH、HK 和 LDH）和电子传递链基因（CytC、COI 和 CCO）的相对基因表达水平下降，脂质代谢（AMPK、SREBP 和 FAS）、三羧酸循环（MDH、CS、IDH 和 FH）基因的表达也受到干扰。亚硝酸盐胁迫影响了肝胰脏的代谢模式。甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸的代谢受到很大影响，5 mg/L亚硝酸盐胁迫组有更多的功能氨基酸发生变化。这些结果揭示了亚硝酸盐胁迫对对虾肝胰腺的胁迫反应、生理、能量代谢和代谢平衡的毒性影响。为毒理学评估确定了几个潜在的代谢物生物标记候选物。

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引用次数: 0

Fipronil exposure alters oxidative stress responses of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute moderate hypoxia 氟虫腈暴露改变尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）对急性中度缺氧的氧化应激反应

IF 4.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107163

Priscila Leocádia Rosa Dourado, Danilo Grunig Humberto da Silva, Thiago Caique Alves, Eduardo Alves de Almeida

Acute hypoxia is known to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to modulation in antioxidant defenses. Pollutant exposure can potentiate ROS generation during hypoxic events and impair antioxidant defenses, increasing the susceptibility of hypoxia-tolerant fishes, such as the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress responses of O. niloticus to acute (3 and 8 h) moderate hypoxia (dissolved oxygen ≤2 mg/L−1) and how these responses are affected by simultaneous exposure to the insecticide fipronil (0.1 and 0.5 µg L−1). Hypoxia exposure for 3 h caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in the gill and also increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver. After 8 h of hypoxia, glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased. DNA damage (comet assay) in erythrocytes was reduced by hypoxia after 3 and 8 h. Fipronil exposure for 3 h decreased CAT activity in the gill, both under normoxia and hypoxia. After 8 h, the combination of fipronil and hypoxia increased GR activity in the gill. In the liver, fipronil exposure under hypoxia for 3 h increased CAT and GR activities; after 8 h, CAT was decreased, and GST increased. GR was also increased by fipronil under normoxia for 8 h. All treatments reduced lipid peroxidation levels in the gills, but in the liver, lipid peroxidation was increased by fipronil after 3 h under normoxia. Moreover, fipronil exposure under hypoxia for 3 and 8 h increased DNA damage in erythrocytes, while 8 h of fipronil exposure under normoxia decreased it, suggesting the activation of DNA repair mechanisms. Results show that both fipronil and hypoxia exposure significantly modulate the oxidative stress parameters of O. niloticus and that the combination of these factors produces more pronounced effects.

众所周知，急性缺氧会增加活性氧（ROS）的生成，从而导致抗氧化防御能力的改变。在缺氧事件中，污染物暴露会加剧 ROS 的生成，损害抗氧化防御能力，从而增加耐缺氧鱼类（如尼罗罗非鱼）对氧化应激的易感性。本研究的目的是评估尼罗罗非鱼对急性（3 和 8 小时）中度缺氧（溶解氧≤2 毫克/升-1）的氧化应激反应，以及这些反应如何受到同时暴露于杀虫剂氟虫腈（0.1 和 0.5 微克/升-1）的影响。缺氧 3 小时后，鳃中的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性增加，肝脏中的过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）活性也增加。缺氧 8 小时后，谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性增加。缺氧 3 小时和 8 小时后，红细胞中的 DNA 损伤（彗星试验）因缺氧而减轻。8 小时后，氟虫腈和缺氧共同作用增加了鳃中的 GR 活性。在肝脏中，低氧条件下氟虫腈暴露 3 小时后，CAT 和 GR 活性增加；8 小时后，CAT 降低，GST 增加。所有处理都能降低鳃中的脂质过氧化水平，但在肝脏中，氟虫腈在常氧条件下暴露 3 小时后会增加脂质过氧化水平。此外，在缺氧条件下接触氟虫腈 3 小时和 8 小时会增加红细胞的 DNA 损伤，而在常氧条件下接触氟虫腈 8 小时会减少红细胞的 DNA 损伤，这表明 DNA 修复机制被激活。结果表明，氟虫腈和低氧暴露都能显著调节尼罗河豚的氧化应激参数，而且这两种因素结合使用会产生更明显的效果。

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引用次数: 0

Adverse effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on hatching rate, morphological alterations, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression in golden apple snail eggs 草甘膦除草剂对金苹果蜗牛卵的孵化率、形态改变和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）表达的不利影响。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107162

Phochit Nanthanawat , Wilaiporn Insuwan , Witchuda Prasatkaew , Jakkaphun Nanuam , Panomsak Meemon , Chutima Thanomsit

This research investigated the effects of glyphosate herbicide on golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) eggs, focusing on hatching rates, morphological changes, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression to explore its potential as a biomarker of exposure. Additionally, key bioactive components in golden apple snail eggs were characterized. The study demonstrated that glyphosate toxicity increased with both exposure time and concentration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed adverse morphological effects on eggs and embryos, including changes in shell structure and organ development. SDS-PAGE analysis identified four main protein bands, including Perivitellin 2 in three isoforms (98, 67, and 31 kDa) and Ovorubin (28 kDa). Lipids, phosphorus, and carbohydrates were identified as key components through Sudan Black B, Methyl Green, and Alcian Blue staining. AChE, with a molecular weight of 71 kDa, was further analyzed by Western blot, showing decreased expression with prolonged and higher concentrations of glyphosate exposure. GC–MS analysis identified major bioactive compounds in untreated eggs, including 3-Fluoro-β, 5-dihydroxy-N-methylbenzeneethanamine, 2-Aziridinylethylamine, and dextroamphetamine, which have pharmaceutical properties such as anti-hypertensive, diuretic, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as potential applications in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. These compounds were present at lower levels in glyphosate-exposed groups, suggesting glyphosate's impact on the eggs' biochemical defense mechanisms. This study highlights the potential effects of glyphosate on golden apple snail eggs, which may have implications for future snail populations and aquatic ecosystems.

本研究调查了草甘膦除草剂对金苹果蜗牛（Pomacea canaliculata）卵的影响，重点关注孵化率、形态变化和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的表达，以探索其作为暴露生物标志物的潜力。此外，还对金苹果螺卵中的主要生物活性成分进行了鉴定。研究表明，草甘膦的毒性随接触时间和浓度的增加而增加。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）分析揭示了草甘膦对卵和胚胎的不良形态学影响，包括外壳结构和器官发育的变化。SDS-PAGE 分析确定了四种主要蛋白质条带，包括三种异构体的 Perivitellin 2（98、67 和 31 kDa）和 Ovorubin（28 kDa）。通过苏丹黑 B、甲基绿和阿尔新蓝染色，确定了脂质、磷和碳水化合物的主要成分。分子量为 71 kDa 的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）通过 Western 印迹进行了进一步分析，结果表明随着草甘膦暴露时间的延长和浓度的升高，乙酰胆碱酯酶的表达量有所下降。气相色谱-质谱分析确定了未处理鸡蛋中的主要生物活性化合物，包括 3-氟-β、5-二羟基-N-甲基苯乙胺、2-氮丙啶乙胺和右旋苯丙胺。这些化合物在草甘膦暴露组中的含量较低，表明草甘膦对鸡蛋的生化防御机制产生了影响。这项研究强调了草甘膦对金苹果蜗牛卵的潜在影响，这可能会对未来的蜗牛种群和水生生态系统产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

Trophic transfer effects of PS nanoplastics and field-derived nanoplastics in the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea. PS 纳米塑料和源于野外的纳米塑料在淡水蛤蜊 Corbicula fluminea 中的营养转移效应。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107160

Oihana Latchere, Isabelle Métais, Hanane Perrein-Ettajani, Magalie Lemoing, Agnès Feurtet-Mazel, Patrice Gonzalez, Guillemine Daffe, Julien Gigault, Charlotte Catrouillet, Amélie Châtel, Magalie Baudrimont

Plastic pollution is of global concern. Many studies investigated the effect of micro and nanoplatics towards aquatic organisms. However, relatively few studies were assessed on freshwater organisms. Another aspect of this pollution is the impact of trophic transfer on plastic distribution and on food chain in order to evaluate its potential risk towards environmental and human health. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological impacts of different types of nanoplastics (NPs) on freshwater organisms exposed through trophic transfer. Freshwater microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus were contaminated for 48 h with realistic concentrations of NPs (0.008, 10 and 100 µg/L). Two types of NPs were tested: commercial PS NPs and NPs generated from macro-sized plastics collected in the field (ENV NPs). Freshwater Corbicula fluminea bivalves were then fed with the contaminated algae every 48 h for 21 days. Results showed that trophic exposure led to the induction of oxidative stress (CAT activity). Overall, NPs trophic exposure caused downregulations of genes implicated in many cellular processes (immunity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, endocytosis, apoptosis). This present study allowed to demonstrate the relevance of investigating the trophic transfer effects of NPs on a freshwater trophic chain. Further studies should focus more on larger levels of the food chain.

塑料污染是全球关注的问题。许多研究调查了微塑料和纳米塑料对水生生物的影响。然而，针对淡水生物的研究相对较少。这种污染的另一个方面是营养转移对塑料分布和食物链的影响，以便评估其对环境和人类健康的潜在风险。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是评估不同类型的纳米塑料（NPs）对通过营养转移接触到的淡水生物的生态毒理学影响。淡水微藻类Scenedesmus subspicatus被实际浓度的NPs（0.008、10和100微克/升）污染48小时。测试了两种类型的 NPs：商用 PS NPs 和从野外收集的大尺寸塑料中生成的 NPs（ENV NPs）。然后每 48 小时用受污染的藻类喂养淡水双壳贝，持续 21 天。结果表明，营养暴露会诱导氧化应激（CAT 活性）。总体而言，营养性暴露会导致与许多细胞过程（免疫、氧化应激、神经毒性、内吞、细胞凋亡）有关的基因下调。本研究证明了研究 NPs 对淡水营养链的营养传递效应的意义。进一步的研究应更多地关注食物链的更高层次。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical-defensome and whole-transcriptome expression of the silverside fish Basilichthys microlepidotus in response to chronic pollution in the Maipo River basin, Central Chile 智利中部迈波河流域银鱼对慢性污染的化学防御组和全转录组表达。

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY

Aquatic Toxicology

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107159

Jorge Cortés-Miranda , David Veliz , Noemí Rojas-Hernández , Ciro Rico , Catalina Gutiérrez , Caren Vega-Retter

Pollution is a major global concern affecting biodiversity, particularly of freshwater species. Populations have developed mechanisms to deal with pollution, such as the chemical defensome, which is a set of genes involved in maintaining internal stability. Pollution significantly affects the Maipo River basin in Chile. This area is home to the endemic silverside fish Basilichthys microlepidotus, whose populations are affected by pollution to different degrees. We assessed gene expression in the liver and gill of this species, focusing on whole-transcriptome and chemical-defensome levels, to identify both independent and shared mechanisms in response to pollution. The results showed that 14–18 genes were consistently expressed differently among populations in polluted areas. These genes were primarily involved in liver cell mitosis and in responses to organic chemicals and carcinogenic processes. Genes expressed differently in the gill were more abundant in immune system biological processes. All populations consistently downregulated chemical-defensome genes in the liver. In differentially expressed chemical-defensome genes, shared biological processes included virus response, cellular redox homeostasis and transport, organic cyclic compound response and DNA-templated transcription regulation. Studying chemical-defensome genes can help reveal common ways that pollution builds up over time, and examining the whole transcriptome can elucidate the context in which this response develops.

污染是影响生物多样性（尤其是淡水物种）的主要全球性问题。种群已经发展出了应对污染的机制，如化学防御体，这是一组参与维持内部稳定的基因。污染严重影响了智利的迈波河流域。该地区是特有银鱼（Basilichthys microlepidotus）的栖息地，其种群受到不同程度的污染影响。我们评估了该物种肝脏和鳃中的基因表达，重点是全转录组和化学抗原组水平，以确定独立和共享的污染响应机制。结果表明，14-18 个基因在不同污染区的种群中始终有不同的表达。这些基因主要参与肝细胞有丝分裂以及对有机化学物质和致癌过程的反应。在鳃中表达不同的基因在免疫系统生物过程中更为丰富。所有种群都一致地下调了肝脏中的化学防御基因。在差异表达的化学防御体基因中，共同的生物过程包括病毒反应、细胞氧化还原平衡和转运、有机环化合物反应和 DNA 触发的转录调控。研究化学抗感染基因组有助于揭示污染长期积累的共同方式，而研究整个转录组则可以阐明这种反应的发展背景。

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引用次数: 0