Selection of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Yield Components, Water Use Efficiency and Major Metabolites Under Drought Stress

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI:10.1111/jac.12766

Maltase Mutanda, Sandiswa Figlan, Vincent Chaplot, Ntakadzeni Edwin Madala, Hussein Shimelis

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Abstract

Integrating grain yield, component traits and metabolite profiles aids in selecting drought-adapted and climate-smart crop varieties preferred by end users. Understanding the trends and magnitude of grain-based metabolites is vital for selecting wheat genotypes with higher grain yield, drought tolerance, water use efficiency and product profiles. The aim of this study was to determine the response of newly developed wheat genotypes for grain yield and component traits and metabolites under drought stress to guide selection. One hundred wheat genotypes were preliminarily evaluated for agro-morphological traits and water use efficiency under drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons using a 5 × 20 alpha lattice design with two replications. Ten high-yielding genotypes were selected based on grain yield and were validated for agronomic traits and water use efficiency (WUE), and grain samples were assayed to profile their key metabolites under drought-stressed conditions. Significant differences existed (p < 0.05) among the tested wheat genotypes for yield and yield components, WUE, drought tolerance and major metabolites to discern trait associations. The grain yield of the 10 genotypes ranged from 590.00 g m⁻² (genotype LM70 × BW140) to 800.00 g m⁻² (BW141 × LM71) under drought-stressed treatment, whilst under non-stressed it ranged from 760.06 g m ⁻² (LM70 × BW140) to 908.33 g m⁻² (LM71 × BW162). Grain yield-based water use efficiency of the assessed genotypes was higher under non-stressed (0.18 g mm⁻¹) than drought-stressed (0.17 g mm⁻¹) conditions. The highest drought tolerance index (211.67) and stress susceptibility index (0.77) were recorded for BW162 × LM71, whilst the lowest tolerance index (23.33) and stress susceptibility index (0.09) were recorded in BW141 × LM71. Grain metabolites, including the apigenin-8-C-glucoside (log2Fold = 3.00) and malate (log2Fold = 3.60) were present in higher proportions in the high-yielding genotypes (BW141 × LM71 and LM71 × BW162) under drought-stressed conditions, whilst fructose (log2Fold = −0.50) and cellulose (log2Fold = −3.90) showed marked decline in the two genotypes. Based on phenotypic and metabolite profile analyses, genotypes BW141 × LM71 and LM71 × BW162 were selected for being drought-tolerant, water-use efficient and recommended for production or breeding. The findings revealed associations between yield components, water use efficiency and grain metabolites to guide the selection of best-performing and drought-tolerant wheat varieties.

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利用干旱胁迫下的产量成分、水分利用效率和主要代谢物筛选小麦（Triticum aestivum L. ）基因型

综合谷物产量、组分性状和代谢物特征有助于选择终端用户喜欢的抗旱和气候智能型作物品种。了解基于谷物的代谢物的趋势和数量对于选择具有更高的谷物产量、抗旱性、水利用效率和产品特征的小麦基因型至关重要。本研究旨在确定新开发的小麦基因型在干旱胁迫下对谷物产量、组分性状和代谢物的响应，以指导选育工作。在 2022 年和 2023 年生长季节，采用 5 × 20 α格子设计，两次重复，对 100 个小麦基因型在干旱胁迫和非胁迫条件下的农业形态特征和水分利用效率进行了初步评估。根据谷物产量选出了 10 个高产基因型，并对其农艺性状和水分利用效率（WUE）进行了验证。接受测试的小麦基因型在产量和产量成分、水分利用效率、抗旱性和主要代谢物方面存在显著差异（p < 0.05），从而可以发现性状关联。在干旱胁迫条件下，10 个基因型的粮食产量从 590.00 g m-2（基因型 LM70 × BW140）到 800.00 g m-2（BW141 × LM71）不等，而在非胁迫条件下，粮食产量从 760.06 g m -2（LM70 × BW140）到 908.33 g m-2（LM71 × BW162）不等。在无胁迫（0.18 g mm-1）条件下，受评估基因型基于谷物产量的水分利用效率高于干旱胁迫（0.17 g mm-1）条件下的水分利用效率。BW162 × LM71 的耐旱指数（211.67）和胁迫敏感性指数（0.77）最高，而 BW141 × LM71 的耐旱指数（23.33）和胁迫敏感性指数（0.09）最低。在干旱胁迫条件下，高产基因型（BW141 × LM71 和 LM71 × BW162）的谷物代谢物，包括芹菜素-8-C-葡萄糖苷（log2Fold = 3.00）和苹果酸（log2Fold = 3.60）的比例较高，而果糖（log2Fold = -0.50）和纤维素（log2Fold = -3.90）在这两个基因型中明显下降。根据表型和代谢物特征分析，基因型 BW141 × LM71 和 LM71 × BW162 被选为耐旱、水分利用效率高的基因型，推荐用于生产或育种。研究结果揭示了产量成分、水分利用效率和谷物代谢物之间的关联，为选择表现最佳的耐旱小麦品种提供了指导。

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来源期刊

Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

8.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

审稿时长

7.8 months

期刊介绍： The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.