Thiourea Supplementation Improves Drought Stress Response of Ridge-Sown and Mulch-Applied Rainfed Maize (Zea mays L.) via Improved Leaf Source to Grain Sink Dynamics

IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI:10.1111/jac.12755
Talveer Singh, Parminder Singh Sandhu, Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi
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Abstract

In regions of South Asia where rainfed maize is grown, effective crop management during drought is essential for maximising yield. A variety of water-conserving planting practices are used, and more recently, techniques such as foliar supplementation to maintain nutrients during drought have also shown promise. However, specific combinations of these approaches are often untested for optimality. Here, we explore the effects of two maize planting practices (ridge sowing and mulching) to conserve water, in combination with foliar thiourea. Drought stress response of crop was assessed at two experimental sites (L-I and L-II), through split-plot design (main plots: flat sowing + mulch, flat sowing, ridge sowing + mulch [RS + M] and ridge sowing; sub-plots: unsprayed, water spray, 500 ppm thiourea and 1000 ppm thiourea). Plant performance was assessed via dry matter accumulation, grain growth rate, stomatal parameters, grain yield, stover yield and nitrogen uptake. Rainfall breaks induced three dry spells during the pre-anthesis and grain-filling period. RS + M showed maximum drought tolerance by enhancing rainwater and nutrient use (N uptake [88.1 and 115.1 kg ha−1]) and recorded significantly higher periodic dry matter accumulation (149.2 and 156.8 g) along with higher 1000-grain weight (181.0 and 196.6 g), grain-filling duration (36.3 and 34.9 days) and leaf health parameters over the flat-sown treatments. Furthermore, foliar supplementation of thiourea at 1000 ppm caused improved leaf health, likely through activation of a source to sink response (transfer of energy and materials from leaves to other plant organs) that alleviated moisture stress. Ultimately, the combination of RS + M and 1000 ppm thiourea led to the highest grain yields (32.1 and 39.5 qha−1).

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补充硫脲可通过改善叶片源到谷物汇的动力学改善脊播和地膜覆盖雨浇玉米(Zea mays L.)的干旱胁迫响应
在南亚种植雨水灌溉玉米的地区,干旱期间有效的作物管理对最大限度地提高产量至关重要。人们采用了多种节水种植方法,最近,叶面补充营养等技术也显示出在干旱期间保持养分的前景。然而,这些方法的具体组合往往没有经过优化测试。在此,我们探讨了两种玉米种植方法(脊播和地膜覆盖)与叶面喷施硫脲相结合的节水效果。在两个实验点(L-I 和 L-II),通过分割地块设计(主地块:平播+地膜覆盖、平播、脊播+地膜覆盖 [RS + M] 和脊播;副地块:未喷洒、喷水、500 ppm 硫脲和 1000 ppm 硫脲)评估了作物的干旱胁迫反应。通过干物质积累、谷物生长速度、气孔参数、谷物产量、秸秆产量和氮素吸收来评估植物的表现。在开花前期和籽粒灌浆期,降雨中断引发了三次干旱。RS + M 通过提高雨水和养分利用率(氮吸收量 [88.1 和 115.1 千克/公顷-1])表现出最大的抗旱性,其周期性干物质积累(149.2 和 156.8 克)显著高于平播处理,千粒重(181.0 和 196.6 克)、籽粒饱满期(36.3 和 34.9 天)和叶片健康参数也高于平播处理。此外,叶面补充 1000 ppm 的硫脲可改善叶片健康,这可能是通过激活从源到汇的反应(能量和物质从叶片转移到其他植物器官)来缓解水分胁迫。最终,RS + M 和 1000 ppm 硫脲的组合带来了最高的谷物产量(32.1 和 39.5 qha-1)。
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来源期刊
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
5.70%
发文量
54
审稿时长
7.8 months
期刊介绍: The effects of stress on crop production of agricultural cultivated plants will grow to paramount importance in the 21st century, and the Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science aims to assist in understanding these challenges. In this context, stress refers to extreme conditions under which crops and forages grow. The journal publishes original papers and reviews on the general and special science of abiotic plant stress. Specific topics include: drought, including water-use efficiency, such as salinity, alkaline and acidic stress, extreme temperatures since heat, cold and chilling stress limit the cultivation of crops, flooding and oxidative stress, and means of restricting them. Special attention is on research which have the topic of narrowing the yield gap. The Journal will give preference to field research and studies on plant stress highlighting these subsections. Particular regard is given to application-oriented basic research and applied research. The application of the scientific principles of agricultural crop experimentation is an essential prerequisite for the publication. Studies based on field experiments must show that they have been repeated (at least three times) on the same organism or have been conducted on several different varieties.
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