{"title":"Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of <i>S</i>-6PPD-Quinone Caused More Serious Hepatotoxicity Than <i>R</i>-Enantiomer and Racemate in <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>.","authors":"Shanshan Di, Haigui Xu, Yundong Yu, Peipei Qi, Zhiwei Wang, Zhenzhen Liu, Huiyu Zhao, Yuanxiang Jin, Xinquan Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.4c06357","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) is frequently detected in various environmental media, and the environmentally relevant concentrations can be fatal to <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>. Notably, 6PPD-Q has two enantiomers (<i>S</i>-6PPD-Q and <i>R</i>-6PPD-Q). In this study, <i>O. mykiss</i> was separately exposed to each enantiomer and racemate of 6PPD-Q for 96 h at environmentally relevant concentrations, and livers were collected. Effects on the biochemical, pathological, and ultrastructural changes were assessed, and metabolomics was conducted to elucidate the potential hepatotoxicity mechanism. Compared with the control treatment, the levels of catalase (CAT, all treatments except for 0.1 μg/L <i>rac</i>-6PPD-Q), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST, all treatments) significantly declined. Hepatocyte space became smaller, nuclear morphology changed, and nucleolysis occurred. Mitochondrial malformation and vesicle-like structure dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were observed in the hepatocytes, which was most serious after <i>S</i>-6PPD-Q exposure. Some amino acid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and purine metabolism were disturbed, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. The differential metabolites were in the order of <i>S</i>-6PPD-Q (216) > <i>rac</i>-6PPD-Q (88) > <i>R</i>-6PPD-Q (56). Thus, 6PPD-Q-induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, causing metabolic disturbance and oxidative stress might be the toxic mechanism of 6PPD-Q in <i>O. mykiss</i> liver, and <i>S</i>-6PPD-Q effects were the most serious.</p>","PeriodicalId":36,"journal":{"name":"环境科学与技术","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"环境科学与技术","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c06357","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) is frequently detected in various environmental media, and the environmentally relevant concentrations can be fatal to Oncorhynchus mykiss. Notably, 6PPD-Q has two enantiomers (S-6PPD-Q and R-6PPD-Q). In this study, O. mykiss was separately exposed to each enantiomer and racemate of 6PPD-Q for 96 h at environmentally relevant concentrations, and livers were collected. Effects on the biochemical, pathological, and ultrastructural changes were assessed, and metabolomics was conducted to elucidate the potential hepatotoxicity mechanism. Compared with the control treatment, the levels of catalase (CAT, all treatments except for 0.1 μg/L rac-6PPD-Q), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST, all treatments) significantly declined. Hepatocyte space became smaller, nuclear morphology changed, and nucleolysis occurred. Mitochondrial malformation and vesicle-like structure dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were observed in the hepatocytes, which was most serious after S-6PPD-Q exposure. Some amino acid metabolism, folate biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism and purine metabolism were disturbed, consistent with mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. The differential metabolites were in the order of S-6PPD-Q (216) > rac-6PPD-Q (88) > R-6PPD-Q (56). Thus, 6PPD-Q-induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, causing metabolic disturbance and oxidative stress might be the toxic mechanism of 6PPD-Q in O. mykiss liver, and S-6PPD-Q effects were the most serious.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) is a co-sponsored academic and technical magazine by the Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and the Hubei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.
Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) holds the status of Chinese core journals, scientific papers source journals of China, Chinese Science Citation Database source journals, and Chinese Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database source journals. This publication focuses on the academic field of environmental protection, featuring articles related to environmental protection and technical advancements.