Does brain size of Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) trade-off with other energetically expensive organs along altitudinal gradients?

IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Evolution Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1093/evolut/qpae137
Zhongyi Yao, Kun Huang, Yin Qi, Jinzhong Fu
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Abstract

Brain size variation is often attributed to energetic trade-offs with other metabolically expensive tissues and organs, which is a prediction of the expensive brain hypothesis (EBH). Here we examine Asiatic toads (Bufo gargarizans) along altitudinal gradients, and test size trade-offs between brain and four visceral organs (heart, liver, alimentary tract, and kidney) with altitude. Body size and scaled mass index (SMI; a proxy for total energy intake) decline with altitude, implying stronger energetic constraints at high altitudes. Relative brain size decreases along altitudinal gradients while visceral organs mostly increase in relative sizes. Using structural equation modelling, a significant negative relationship between brain size and a latent variable 'budget', which represents the energy allocation to the four visceral organs, is detected among high-altitudinal toads. Heart appears to have the largest and most consistent response to changes of energy allocation. No such relationships are observed among toads at middle and low altitudes, where high energy intake may allow individuals to forego energetic trade-offs. When applying EBH to poikilotherms, a great emphasis should be placed on total energy intake in addition to energy allocation. Future research on EBH will benefit from more intra-specific comparisons and the evaluation of fitness consequences beyond energy limitation.

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亚洲蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)的脑容量是否会在海拔梯度上与其他耗能器官进行权衡?
大脑大小的变化通常归因于与其他代谢昂贵的组织和器官之间的能量权衡,这也是昂贵大脑假说(EBH)的预言。在这里,我们沿着海拔梯度对亚洲蟾蜍(Bufo gargarizans)进行了研究,并检验了大脑与四个内脏器官(心脏、肝脏、消化道和肾脏)之间的大小权衡随海拔高度的变化。体型和比例质量指数(SMI,代表总能量摄入)随着海拔的升高而下降,这意味着高海拔地区的能量限制更强。大脑的相对大小随海拔梯度下降,而内脏器官的相对大小大多增加。通过结构方程建模,在高海拔地区的蟾蜍中发现脑的大小与代表四个内脏器官能量分配的潜在变量 "预算 "之间存在显著的负相关。心脏似乎对能量分配的变化具有最大和最一致的反应。在中海拔和低海拔地区的蟾蜍中没有观察到这种关系,在这些地区,高能量摄入可能允许个体放弃能量权衡。在将 EBH 应用于食肉动物时,除能量分配外,还应高度重视总能量摄入。未来对EBH的研究将受益于更多的特异性内部比较以及对能量限制之外的适应性后果的评估。
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来源期刊
Evolution
Evolution 环境科学-进化生物学
CiteScore
5.00
自引率
9.10%
发文量
0
审稿时长
3-6 weeks
期刊介绍: Evolution, published for the Society for the Study of Evolution, is the premier publication devoted to the study of organic evolution and the integration of the various fields of science concerned with evolution. The journal presents significant and original results that extend our understanding of evolutionary phenomena and processes.
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