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Shared environmental similarity between relatives influences heritability of reproductive timing in wild great tits. 亲缘间共享的环境相似性会影响野生大山雀繁殖时间的遗传率。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae155
Carys V Jones, Charlotte E Regan, Ella F Cole, Josh A Firth, Ben C Sheldon

Intraspecific variation is necessary for evolutionary change and population resilience, but the extent to which it contributes to either depends on the causes of this variation. Understanding the causes of individual variation in traits involved with reproductive timing is important in the face of environmental change, especially in systems where reproduction must coincide with seasonal resource availability. However, separating the genetic and environmental causes of variation is not straightforward, and there has been limited consideration of how small-scale environmental effects might lead to similarity between individuals that occupy similar environments, potentially biasing estimates of genetic heritability. In ecological systems, environments are often complex in spatial structure, and it may therefore be important to account for similarities in the environments experienced by individuals within a population beyond considering spatial distances alone. Here, we construct multi-matrix quantitative genetic animal models using over 11,000 breeding records (spanning 35 generations) of individually-marked great tits (Parus major) and information about breeding proximity and habitat characteristics to quantify the drivers of variability in two key seasonal reproductive timing traits. We show that the environment experienced by related individuals explains around a fifth of the variation seen in reproductive timing, and accounting for this leads to decreased estimates of heritability. Our results thus demonstrate that environmental sharing between relatives can strongly affect estimates of heritability and therefore alter our expectations of the evolutionary response to selection.

种内变异是进化变化和种群恢复能力的必要条件,但它对这两者的贡献程度取决于这种变异的原因。面对环境变化,尤其是在繁殖必须与季节性资源供应相吻合的系统中,了解与繁殖时间有关的性状个体差异的原因非常重要。然而,将变异的遗传原因和环境原因分开并不是一件简单的事情,而且对于小规模环境效应如何可能导致占据相似环境的个体之间的相似性,从而可能使遗传遗传率的估计值出现偏差的考虑也很有限。在生态系统中,环境通常具有复杂的空间结构,因此除了考虑空间距离之外,还必须考虑种群中个体所处环境的相似性。在本文中,我们利用超过 11,000 条有个体标记的大山雀(Parus major)繁殖记录(跨越 35 代)以及有关繁殖邻近性和栖息地特征的信息,构建了多矩阵定量遗传动物模型,以量化两个关键季节性繁殖时间性状的变异驱动因素。我们的研究表明,相关个体所经历的环境可以解释生殖时间变异的大约五分之一,考虑到这一点会导致遗传率估计值的下降。因此,我们的研究结果表明,亲缘个体之间的环境共享会严重影响遗传率的估计值,从而改变我们对选择进化反应的预期。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Plasticity cannot fully compensate evolutionary differences in heat tolerance across fish species. 更正:可塑性不能完全弥补不同鱼类耐热性的进化差异。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae152
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引用次数: 0
Beyond Peto's Paradox: Expanding the Study of Cancer Resistance Across Species. 超越佩托悖论:拓展跨物种抗癌研究。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae158
Antoine M Dujon, Amy M Boddy, Rodrigo Hamede, Beata Ujvari, Frédéric Thomas

Peto's paradox, which highlights the lower-than-expected cancer rates in larger and/or longer-lived species, is a cornerstone of discussions at the intersection of ecology, evolution, and cancer research. It prompts investigations into how species with traits that theoretically increase cancer risk manage to exhibit cancer resistance, with the ultimate goal of uncovering novel therapies for humans. Building on these foundational insights, we propose expanding the research focus to species that, despite possessing traits beyond size and longevity that theoretically increase their cancer risk, exhibit unexpected cancer resistance. Testing Peto's paradox without interference from transient dynamics also requires considering species that are at an equilibrium between cancer risks and defenses, which is increasingly challenging due to anthropogenic activities. Additionally, we argue that transmissible cancers could significantly help in understanding how the metastatic process might be naturally suppressed. This research perspective is timely and aims to support the continued and in-depth identification of anti-cancer adaptations retained throughout evolution in the animal kingdom.

佩托悖论强调大型和/或长寿物种的癌症发病率低于预期,是生态学、进化论和癌症研究交叉领域讨论的基石。它促使人们研究那些具有理论上会增加患癌风险的特征的物种是如何表现出抗癌能力的,最终目的是为人类找到新的疗法。在这些基础性见解的基础上,我们建议将研究重点扩大到那些尽管拥有除体型和寿命之外的其他特征,理论上会增加其癌症风险,但却表现出意想不到的抗癌能力的物种。要在不受瞬时动态干扰的情况下检验佩托悖论,还需要考虑那些处于癌症风险与抗癌能力之间平衡状态的物种,而由于人类活动的影响,这种平衡状态正变得越来越具有挑战性。此外,我们还认为,可传播的癌症可以极大地帮助我们理解转移过程是如何被自然抑制的。这一研究视角非常及时,旨在支持对动物界进化过程中保留的抗癌适应性进行持续深入的鉴定。
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引用次数: 0
Digest: Scarce pollen resources and asymmetric reproductive isolation. 文摘:稀缺的花粉资源和不对称的生殖隔离。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae156
Karin Gross

What mechanisms cause asymmetries in reproductive success in crosses between closely related species that differ in floral style length? Feller et al. (2024) found that in five Phlox species, short-styled species produced smaller pollen grains than long-styled species. The smaller pollen of short-styled species lacked the resources to grow pollen tubes long enough to reach the ovules of long-styled species. This asymmetric pollen-style-length incompatibility may considerably affect patterns of gene flow among species.

是什么机制导致花柱长度不同的近缘物种之间杂交的繁殖成功率不对称?Feller 等人(2024 年)发现,在五个凤仙花物种中,短花柱物种产生的花粉粒比长花柱物种小。短花柱物种较小的花粉缺乏足够的资源来生长足够长的花粉管,以到达长花柱物种的胚珠。这种不对称的花粉长短不一可能会严重影响物种间的基因流动模式。
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引用次数: 0
Digest: Extremes of the mating system continuum are the most evolutionarily stable. 摘要交配系统连续体的极端状态在进化过程中最为稳定。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae157
Vanessa E Luzuriaga-Aveiga

Marcondes and Douvas (2024) provide a macroscale insight into the evolution of mating systems in birds. The study shows that resource-defense polygamous lineages are evolutionarily unstable, commonly transitioning into monogamy or going extinct. Surprisingly, lek polygamy is as evolutionary stable as monogamy. While in monogamy both sexes benefit from cooperative behaviour by equally investing in parental care, in lekking systems each sex maximizes their fitness independently: females invest in parental care and males enhance sexually selected traits.

Marcondes 和 Douvas(2024 年)对鸟类交配系统的进化提出了宏观见解。该研究表明,资源防御型一夫多妻制系的进化并不稳定,通常会过渡到一夫一妻制或灭绝。令人惊奇的是,lek一夫多妻制与一夫一妻制一样具有进化稳定性。在一夫一妻制中,雌雄两性都从合作行为中获益,平等地投资于养育子女,而在卵生系统中,雌雄两性都独立地最大限度地提高自己的适应能力:雌性投资于养育子女,雄性则提高性选择特征。
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引用次数: 0
The evolution of reproductive leaf dimorphism in two globally distributed fern families is neither stepwise nor irreversible, unless further specialization evolves. 在两个全球分布的蕨类植物科中,生殖叶二形性的进化既不是逐步的,也不是不可逆转的,除非出现进一步的特化。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae159
Jacob S Suissa, Makaleh Smith

A contemporary interpretation of Dollo's Law is that the evolution of specialized structures is irreversible. Among land plants, reproductive specialization shows a trend toward increasing complexity without reversion, raising questions about evolutionary steps and irreversibility of reproductive complexity. Ferns, exhibit varied reproductive strategies, some are dimorphic (producing separate leaves for photosynthesis and reproduction), while others are monomorphic (where one leaf is used for both photosynthesis and spore dispersal). This diversity provides an opportunity to examine the applicability of Dollo's Law in the evolution of reproductive leaf specialization across plants. We analyzed 118 species in Blechnaceae and Onocleaceae using quantitative morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods to test the pillars of Dollo's Law of irreversibility. The evolution of dimorphism in Blechnaceae is neither stepwise nor irreversible, with direct transitions from monomorphism to dimorphism, including several reversions. In contrast, Onocleaceae exhibit irreversibility to monomorphism upon further specialization of fertile leaves for spore dispersal, suggesting that additional specialization, not dimorphism alone, may facilitate irreversibility. These results provide insight into the canalization of fertile-sterile leaf dimorphism in seed plants, where traits like heterospory and ovules lead to further specialization and potential irreversibility. These findings suggest that as new specialized traits evolve alongside pre-existing ones, reversion may become increasingly unlikely.

多洛定律的现代解释是,特化结构的进化是不可逆转的。在陆生植物中,生殖特化呈现出复杂性不断增加而不逆转的趋势,这就提出了关于生殖复杂性的进化步骤和不可逆转性的问题。蕨类植物的生殖策略多种多样,有些是二态的(分别长出用于光合作用和生殖的叶子),有些则是单态的(一片叶子同时用于光合作用和孢子传播)。这种多样性为研究多洛定律在植物生殖叶特化进化中的适用性提供了机会。我们利用定量形态计量学和系统发育比较方法分析了Blechnaceae和Onocleaceae中的118个物种,以检验Dollo不可逆定律的支柱。在毛蕊花科中,二态性的演化既不是逐步的,也不是不可逆的,而是从单态性直接过渡到二态性,包括几次逆转。与此相反,大戟科(Onocleaceae)植物在可育叶片进一步特化用于孢子传播后,表现出向单态进化的不可逆性,这表明促进不可逆性的可能是额外的特化,而不仅仅是二态性。这些结果为种子植物可育-不育叶片二形性的渠道化提供了见解,在种子植物中,异孢和胚珠等性状会导致进一步的特化和潜在的不可逆性。这些研究结果表明,随着新的特化性状与原有性状一起进化,逆转的可能性会越来越小。
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引用次数: 0
Sperm as a speciation phenotype in promiscuous songbirds. 精子是滥交鸣禽的物种变异表型。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae154
Jan T Lifjeld, Emily R A Cramer, Erica H Leder, Kjetil Lysne Voje

Sperm morphology varies considerably among species. Sperm traits may contribute to speciation if they diverge fast in allopatry and cause conspecific sperm precedence upon secondary contact. However, their role in driving prezygotic isolation has been poorly investigated. Here we test the hypothesis that, early in the speciation process, female promiscuity promotes a reduction in overlap in sperm length distributions among songbird populations. We assembled a data set of 20 pairs of populations with known sperm length distributions, a published estimate of divergence time, and an index of female promiscuity derived from extrapair paternity rates or relative testis size. We found that sperm length distributions diverged more rapidly in more promiscuous species. Faster divergence between sperm length distributions was caused by the lower variance in the trait in more promiscuous species, and not by faster divergence of the mean sperm lengths. The reduced variance is presumably due to stronger stabilizing selection on sperm length mediated by sperm competition. If divergent sperm length optima in allopatry causes conspecific sperm precedence in sympatry, which remains to be shown empirically, female promiscuity may promote prezygotic isolation and rapid speciation in songbirds.

不同物种的精子形态差异很大。如果精子特征在同种异交中迅速分化,并在二次接触时导致同种精子优先,则可能有助于物种的分化。然而,精子性状在驱动同种前隔离中的作用却鲜有研究。在这里,我们检验了这样一个假设:在物种形成过程的早期,雌性滥交会促进鸣禽种群间精子长度分布重叠的减少。我们收集了 20 对已知精子长度分布的种群的数据集、已发表的分化时间估计值以及从配对外父子关系率或相对睾丸大小得出的雌性滥交指数。我们发现,在更滥交的物种中,精子长度分布的分化速度更快。精子长度分布之间更快的分化是由更滥交物种中更低的性状方差造成的,而不是由平均精子长度更快的分化造成的。方差的降低可能是由于精子竞争对精子长度产生了更强的稳定选择。如果异地繁殖中精子长度的差异会导致同种精子在同地繁殖中的优先权(这一点还有待经验证明),那么雌性滥交可能会促进鸣禽的前配偶隔离和快速物种分化。
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引用次数: 0
Go west, young bunting: recent climate change drives rapid movement of a Great Plains hybrid zone. 向西走,年轻的鹀:最近的气候变化推动了大平原杂交区的快速移动。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae118
Paul J Dougherty, Matthew D Carling

Describing how hybrid zones respond to anthropogenic influence can illuminate how the environment regulates both species distributions and reproductive isolation between species. In this study, we analyzed specimens collected from the Passerina cyanea×P. amoena hybrid zone between 2004 and 2007 and between 2019 and 2021 to explore changes in genetic structure over time. This comparison follows a previous study that identified a significant westward shift of the Passerina hybrid zone during the latter half of the twentieth century. A second temporal comparison of hybrid zone genetic structure presents unique potential to describe finer-scale dynamics and to identify potential mechanisms of observed changes more accurately. After concluding that the westward movement of the Passerina hybrid zone has accelerated in recent decades, we investigated potential drivers of this trend by modeling the influence of bioclimatic and landcover variables on genetic structure. We also incorporated eBird data to determine how the distributions of P. cyanea and P. amoena have responded to recent climate and landcover changes. We found that the distribution of P. cyanea in the northern Great Plains has shifted west to track a moving climatic niche, supporting anthropogenic climate change as a key mediator of introgression in this system.

描述杂交区如何应对人类活动的影响,可以阐明环境如何调节物种分布和物种间的生殖隔离。在这项研究中,我们分析了2004年至2007年以及2019年至2021年期间从Passerina cyanea x P. amoena杂交区采集的标本,以探讨遗传结构随时间的变化。此前的一项研究发现,在二十世纪后半叶,Passerina杂交区发生了显著的西移。对杂交区遗传结构进行第二次时间比较具有独特的潜力,可以描述更精细的动态变化,并更准确地确定观察到的变化的潜在机制。在得出近几十年来红腹灰雀杂交区加速西移的结论后,我们通过模拟生物气候和土地覆盖变量对遗传结构的影响,研究了这一趋势的潜在驱动因素。我们还结合了 eBird 数据,以确定 P. cyanea 和 P. amoena 的分布如何对最近的气候和土地覆盖变化做出反应。我们发现,P. cyanea 在大平原北部的分布已经向西移动,以追踪移动的气候生态位,这支持了人为气候变化是该系统中引种的一个关键媒介。
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引用次数: 0
Mitonuclear compatibility is maintained despite relaxed selection on male mitochondrial DNA in bivalves with doubly uniparental inheritance. 在双亲单性遗传的双壳类动物中,尽管对雄性线粒体 DNA 的选择较为宽松,但线粒体核兼容性仍得以保持。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae108
Chase H Smith, Raquel Mejia-Trujillo, Justin C Havird

Mitonuclear coevolution is common in eukaryotes, but bivalve lineages that have doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of mitochondria may be an interesting example. In this system, females transmit mtDNA (F mtDNA) to all offspring, while males transmit a different mtDNA (M mtDNA) solely to their sons. Molecular evolution and functional data suggest oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes encoded in M mtDNA evolve under relaxed selection due to their function being limited to sperm only (vs. all other tissues for F mtDNA). This has led to the hypothesis that mitonuclear coevolution is less important for M mtDNA. Here, we use comparative phylogenetics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to understand mitonuclear interactions in DUI bivalves. We found nuclear OXPHOS proteins coevolve and maintain compatibility similarly with both F and M mtDNA OXPHOS proteins. Mitochondrial recombination did not influence mitonuclear compatibility and nuclear-encoded OXPHOS genes were not upregulated in tissues with M mtDNA to offset dysfunction. Our results support that selection maintains mitonuclear compatibility with F and M mtDNA despite relaxed selection on M mtDNA. Strict sperm transmission, lower effective population size, and higher mutation rates may explain the evolution of M mtDNA. Our study highlights that mitonuclear coevolution and compatibility may be broad features of eukaryotes.

线粒体核共同进化在真核生物中很常见,但线粒体双单亲遗传(DUI)的双壳类群可能是一个有趣的例子。在这一系统中,雌性将线粒体DNA(F mtDNA)遗传给所有后代,而雄性则只将不同的线粒体DNA(M mtDNA)遗传给儿子。分子进化和功能数据表明,M mtDNA编码的氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)基因由于其功能仅限于精子(相对于F mtDNA的所有其他组织)而在宽松选择下进化。这导致一种假设,即有丝分裂核共同进化对 M mtDNA 的重要性较低。在这里,我们利用比较系统发生学、转录组学和蛋白质组学来了解 DUI 双壳类的有丝分裂核相互作用。我们发现核 OXPHOS 蛋白与 F 和 M mtDNA OXPHOS 蛋白共同进化并保持相似的兼容性。线粒体重组并不影响有丝分裂核的兼容性,而且在具有 MtDNA 的组织中,核编码的 OXPHOS 基因并没有上调以抵消功能障碍。我们的研究结果表明,尽管对 M mtDNA 的选择较为宽松,但选择仍能维持有丝核与 F 和 M mtDNA 的兼容性。严格的精子传播、较低的有效种群规模和较高的突变率可能解释了M mtDNA的进化。我们的研究强调了有丝分裂核共同进化和兼容性可能是真核生物的广泛特征。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological evolution and niche conservatism across a continental radiation of Australian blindsnakes. 澳大利亚百步蛇大陆辐射区的形态演变和生态位保守性。
IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae132
Sarin Tiatragul, Alexander Skeels, J Scott Keogh

Understanding how continental radiations are assembled across space and time is a major question in macroevolutionary biology. Here, we use a phylogenomic-scale phylogeny, a comprehensive morphological dataset, and environmental niche models to evaluate the relationship between trait and environment and assess the role of geography and niche conservatism in the continental radiation of Australian blindsnakes. The Australo-Papuan blindsnake genus, Anilios, comprises 47 described species of which 46 are endemic to and distributed across various biomes on continental Australia. Although we expected blindsnakes to be morphologically conserved, we found considerable interspecific variation in all morphological traits we measured. Absolute body length is negatively correlated with mean annual temperature, and body shape ratios are negatively correlated with soil compactness. We found that morphologically similar species are likely not a result of ecological convergence. Age-overlap correlation tests revealed niche similarity decreased with the relative age of speciation events. We also found low geographical overlap across the phylogeny, suggesting that speciation is largely allopatric with low rates of secondary range overlap. Our study offers insights into the eco-morphological evolution of blindsnakes and the potential for phylogenetic niche conservatism to influence continental scale radiations.

了解大陆辐射是如何跨越时空形成的,是宏观进化生物学的一个重要问题。在这里,我们利用系统发生学尺度的系统发生、综合形态学数据集和环境生态位模型来评估性状与环境之间的关系,并评估地理和生态位保守性在澳大利亚百步蛇大陆辐射中的作用。这一化石蛇类包括47个已描述的物种,广泛分布于澳大利亚大陆的各种生物群落中。尽管我们预计百步蛇在形态上是保守的,但我们发现在我们测量的所有形态特征中都存在相当大的种间差异。绝对体长与年平均温度呈负相关,体形比例与土壤密实度呈负相关。我们发现,形态上相似的物种很可能不是生态趋同的结果。年龄重叠相关性检验表明,生态位相似性随着物种分化事件的相对年龄而降低。我们还发现,在整个系统发育过程中,地理重叠率很低,这表明物种的分化在很大程度上是同域的,次生分布区重叠率很低。我们的研究有助于深入了解百步蛇的生态形态演化,以及系统发育生态位保守性影响大陆尺度辐射的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Evolution
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