Biomonitoring and determinants of mycotoxin exposures from pregnancy until post-lactation in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women from Harare, Zimbabwe.
Tatenda Clive Murashiki, Arthur John Mazhandu, Rutendo B L Zinyama-Gutsire, Isaac Mutingwende, Lovemore Ronald Mazengera, Kerina Duri
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) heavily affects women from resource-limited settings who are vulnerable to potentially harmful mycotoxins including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA). We aimed to conduct biomonitoring and ascertain the determinants of maternal mycotoxin exposure in pregnancy, lactation and post-lactation periods. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women from Harare, Zimbabwe. 175 and 125 random urine samples in pregnancy and 24 months after delivery (post-lactation) respectively were analysed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and FB1 by ELISA. 6 weeks after delivery (lactation), 226 and 262 breast milk (BM) samples were analysed for AFM1 and OTA respectively by ELISA. The association of demographics and food consumption with mycotoxins was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. In HIV-infected, urinary AFM1 was detected in 46/94 (Median: 0.05; Range: 0.04-0.46 ng mL-1) in pregnancy and 47/66 (Median: 0.05; Range: 0.04-1.01 ng mL-1) post-lactation. Urinary FB1 was detected in 86/94 (Median: 1.39; Range: 0.17-6.02 ng mL-1) in pregnancy and 56/66 (Median: 0.72; Range: 0.20-3.81 ng mL-1) post-lactation. BM AFM1 was detected in 28/110 (Median: 7.24; Range: 5.96-29.80 pg mL-1) and OTA in 11/129 (Median: 0.20; Range: 0.14-0.65 ng mL-1). In HIV-uninfected, urinary AFM1 was detected in 48/81 (Median: 0.05; Range: 0.04-1.06 ng mL-1) in pregnancy and 41/59 (Median: 0.05; Range: 0.04-0.52 ng mL-1) post-lactation. Urinary FB1 was detected in 74/81 (Median: 1.15; Range: 0.17-6.16 ng mL-1) in pregnancy and 55/59 (Median: 0.96; Range: 0.20-2.82 ng mL-1) post-lactation. BM AFM1 was detected in 38/116 (Median: 7.70; Range: 6.07-31.75 pg mL-1) and OTA in 4/133 (Median: 0.24; Range: 0.18-0.83 ng mL-1). Location, wealth, and peanut butter consumption were determinants of AFB1 exposure. HIV infection, BMI, location, rainy season, unemployment, and age were determinants of FB1 exposure. Women especially those pregnant and/or HIV-infected are at risk of adverse effects of mycotoxins.
期刊介绍：
Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A publishes original research papers and critical reviews covering analytical methodology, occurrence, persistence, safety evaluation, detoxification and regulatory control of natural and man-made additives and contaminants in the food and animal feed chain. Papers are published in the areas of food additives including flavourings, pesticide and veterinary drug residues, environmental contaminants, plant toxins, mycotoxins, marine biotoxins, trace elements, migration from food packaging, food process contaminants, adulteration, authenticity and allergenicity of foods. Papers are published on animal feed where residues and contaminants can give rise to food safety concerns. Contributions cover chemistry, biochemistry and bioavailability of these substances, factors affecting levels during production, processing, packaging and storage; the development of novel foods and processes; exposure and risk assessment.
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