Hearts in the sky: understanding the cardiovascular implications of air travel.

IF 1.6 Q3 CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS Future cardiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-20 DOI:10.1080/14796678.2024.2396257
Tavishi Katoch, Sravya Pinnamaneni, Raunak Medatwal, Fnu Anamika, Kanishk Aggarwal, Shreya Garg, Rohit Jain
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Abstract

Air travel is widely regarded as the safest mode of transportation, with the United States leading in airline passengers. However, travelers with pre-existing heart conditions face acute cardiovascular risks. Flight pilots and cabin crew are particularly vulnerable to air travel's physiological changes, which can significantly impair their health and performance. Cabin pressure differences and reduced oxygen levels at cruising altitudes of 5000-8000 feet make air travel challenging for individuals with underlying cardiac and pulmonary problems. This, along with dry air, sleep deprivation, missed medication and prolonged sitting, can lead to physiological changes. In-flight and pre-flight stressors contribute to increased health issues, and studies show a rise in medical emergencies during flights. Prolonged exposure to the airplane environment can lead to various health issues for pilots and cabin crew. These changes include impaired judgment, cognitive function and discomfort in the sinuses and ears due to pressure differentials. Therefore, thorough medical screening, skilled instrument use and compliance with safety measures are essential to mitigate these risks. This article reviews the cardiac implications of air travel, discussing the underlying pathophysiology, associated risks and preventive measures to ensure safer flights for individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

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天空中的心:了解航空旅行对心血管的影响。
航空旅行被广泛认为是最安全的交通方式,美国的航空旅客人数居世界首位。然而,患有心脏病的旅客却面临着严重的心血管风险。飞行员和机舱乘务员尤其容易受到空中旅行生理变化的影响,这会严重损害他们的健康和工作表现。在海拔 5000-8000 英尺的巡航高度,机舱内的压力差异和氧气水平的降低使得航空旅行对患有潜在心肺疾病的人来说具有挑战性。再加上空气干燥、睡眠不足、错过服药时间和长时间坐着,都会导致生理变化。飞行中和飞行前的压力会导致更多的健康问题,研究表明,飞行中的医疗急症有所增加。长期暴露在飞机环境中会导致飞行员和机舱乘务员出现各种健康问题。这些变化包括判断力、认知功能受损,以及由于压力差导致的鼻窦和耳朵不适。因此,彻底的体检、熟练使用仪器和遵守安全措施对于降低这些风险至关重要。本文回顾了航空旅行对心脏的影响,讨论了潜在的病理生理学、相关风险和预防措施,以确保心血管疾病患者的飞行更安全。
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来源期刊
Future cardiology
Future cardiology CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS-
CiteScore
2.80
自引率
5.90%
发文量
87
期刊介绍: Research advances have contributed to improved outcomes across all specialties, but the rate of advancement in cardiology has been exceptional. Concurrently, the population of patients with cardiac conditions continues to grow and greater public awareness has increased patients" expectations of new drugs and devices. Future Cardiology (ISSN 1479-6678) reflects this new era of cardiology and highlights the new molecular approach to advancing cardiovascular therapy. Coverage will also reflect the major technological advances in bioengineering in cardiology in terms of advanced and robust devices, miniaturization, imaging, system modeling and information management issues.
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