{"title":"First molecular sequencing of <i>Babesia gibsoni</i> in ticks, Iraq.","authors":"Israa M Essa, Ghazi Y Azzal, Nadia K Thamer","doi":"10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.32","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tick is one of the most important ectoparasites distributed worldwide and plays an obvious role in the transmission of different infections to humans and animals as dogs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study conducted to molecular demonstration of <i>Babesia gibsoni</i> in ticks of stray dogs and phylogenetic analysis of study isolates to detect their identity to global isolates. Prevalence of ticks in dogs, identification of tick species, and their relationship to some risk factors were aimed, also.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 97 stray dogs were inspected grossly to detect and collect ticks that existed in different body parts. After collection, all ticks were examined morphologically to identify their species, and then molecularly by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect <i>B. gibsoni</i> in different species of ticks. Local <i>B. gibsoni</i> isolates were sequenced, documented in the National Center For biotechnology information (NCBI) database, analyzed phylogenetically, and compared with the global GenBank-NCBI isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the current study, ticks were detected in 43.3% of dogs, and were shown to be varied in number and distribution among different body parts of each dog. Concerning its distribution, ticks were observed significantly on the abdomen, ear, and perineal region. In relation to risk factors, ticks were increased significantly in dogs <6 months old in comparison to older dogs, males more than females; and in rural areas more than dogs of sub-urban and urban areas. Based on morphology, different tick species were seen including <i>Hylaomma anatolicum</i> (86.12%), <i>R. sanguineus</i> (11.99%), and <i>Rhipicephalus turanicus</i> (1.89%). Targeting the <i>18S rRNA</i> gene, PCR assay reported 3.79% positive ticks to <i>B. gibsoni</i> that were seen in <i>R. sanguineus</i> (13.16%) and <i>H. anatolicum</i> (2.56%). Based on phylogenetic analysis data of five local <i>B. gibsoni</i> isolates, this study demonstrated their close relations to the global NCBI-BLAST <i>B. gibsoni</i> Iraqi isolate (ID: MN385424.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This represents the first Iraqi study that demonstrated molecularly <i>B. gibsoni</i> in different species of ticks that infected stray dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19531,"journal":{"name":"Open Veterinary Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415923/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Open Veterinary Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i8.32","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/8/31 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"VETERINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Background: Tick is one of the most important ectoparasites distributed worldwide and plays an obvious role in the transmission of different infections to humans and animals as dogs.
Aim: This study conducted to molecular demonstration of Babesia gibsoni in ticks of stray dogs and phylogenetic analysis of study isolates to detect their identity to global isolates. Prevalence of ticks in dogs, identification of tick species, and their relationship to some risk factors were aimed, also.
Methods: A total of 97 stray dogs were inspected grossly to detect and collect ticks that existed in different body parts. After collection, all ticks were examined morphologically to identify their species, and then molecularly by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect B. gibsoni in different species of ticks. Local B. gibsoni isolates were sequenced, documented in the National Center For biotechnology information (NCBI) database, analyzed phylogenetically, and compared with the global GenBank-NCBI isolates.
Results: In the current study, ticks were detected in 43.3% of dogs, and were shown to be varied in number and distribution among different body parts of each dog. Concerning its distribution, ticks were observed significantly on the abdomen, ear, and perineal region. In relation to risk factors, ticks were increased significantly in dogs <6 months old in comparison to older dogs, males more than females; and in rural areas more than dogs of sub-urban and urban areas. Based on morphology, different tick species were seen including Hylaomma anatolicum (86.12%), R. sanguineus (11.99%), and Rhipicephalus turanicus (1.89%). Targeting the 18S rRNA gene, PCR assay reported 3.79% positive ticks to B. gibsoni that were seen in R. sanguineus (13.16%) and H. anatolicum (2.56%). Based on phylogenetic analysis data of five local B. gibsoni isolates, this study demonstrated their close relations to the global NCBI-BLAST B. gibsoni Iraqi isolate (ID: MN385424.1).
Conclusion: This represents the first Iraqi study that demonstrated molecularly B. gibsoni in different species of ticks that infected stray dogs.
背景：蜱虫是分布于世界各地的最重要的体外寄生虫之一，在向人类和狗等动物传播各种感染中发挥着明显的作用。目的：本研究对流浪狗蜱虫中的吉布森巴贝西亚原虫进行了分子鉴定，并对研究分离物进行了系统发育分析，以检测其与全球分离物的一致性。此外，还旨在研究狗体内蜱虫的流行情况、蜱虫种类的鉴定及其与一些风险因素的关系：方法：对 97 只流浪狗进行大体检查，检测并收集存在于不同身体部位的蜱虫。收集蜱虫后，对所有蜱虫进行形态学检查以确定其种类，然后通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）检测不同种类蜱虫中的吉布森氏杆菌。对当地的 B. gibsoni 分离物进行了测序，并将其记录在美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）数据库中，进行了系统进化分析，并与全球 GenBank-NCBI 分离物进行了比较：结果：在本次研究中，43.3%的狗体内发现了蜱虫，而且在每只狗的不同身体部位发现的蜱虫数量和分布情况各不相同。就分布而言，蜱虫主要分布在腹部、耳朵和会阴部。与风险因素有关的是，蜱虫在狗体内的数量明显增加，包括Hylaomma anatolicum（86.12%）、R. sanguineus（11.99%）和Rhipicephalus turanicus（1.89%）。针对 18S rRNA 基因的 PCR 检测报告显示，3.79%的阳性蜱与 B. gibsoni 有关，而这些蜱在 R. sanguineus（13.16%）和 H. anatolicum（2.56%）中也能看到。根据对当地 5 个 B. gibsoni 分离物的系统发育分析数据，该研究表明它们与全球 NCBI-BLAST B. gibsoni 伊拉克分离物（ID：MN385424.1）关系密切：这是伊拉克首次从分子角度证明感染流浪狗的不同种类蜱虫中存在 B. gibsoni 的研究。
期刊介绍：
Open Veterinary Journal is a peer-reviewed international open access online and printed journal that publishes high-quality original research articles. reviews, short communications and case reports dedicated to all aspects of veterinary sciences and its related subjects. Research areas include the following: Infectious diseases of zoonotic/food-borne importance, applied biochemistry, parasitology, endocrinology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, epidemiology, molecular biology, immunogenetics, surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, oncology and animal reproduction. All papers are peer-reviewed. Moreover, with the presence of well-qualified group of international referees, the process of publication will be done meticulously and to the highest standards.
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