Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

Background: Camels play a crucial role in North Africa's economy and agriculture, providing essential products, transportation, and tourism.

Aim: This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of camel research in North Africa between 1964 and 2024. The primary objectives are to evaluate research productivity, identify key contributors, and highlight emerging trends.

Methods: Data were collected from the Scopus database, which contained 1805 research documents. Bibliometrix and VOSviewer were used to visualize co-authorship networks, citation patterns, and keyword trends.

Results: The research output has increased dramatically since the mid-2000s, with a peak in publications between 2018 and 2020. Collaborations made up 53.91% of articles. The research clusters in camel studies from North Africa include camel physiology and reproduction, focusing on topics such as ovarian function, semen preservation, and seasonal variations; Microbiology and genetics, addressing microbial infections and genetic diversity; Epidemiology and disease control, which covers studies on disease prevalence, risk factors, and seroprevalence; and Camel milk research, emphasizing its nutritional and therapeutic properties, particularly related to oxidative stress and antioxidants.

Conclusion: Camel research in North Africa has grown significantly, with a focus on health, genetics, and sustainability. However, there are still gaps in molecular and transdisciplinary research, notably in areas such as genetic diversity and ecological integration. Future research should prioritize these areas and foster greater international collaboration to address pressing concerns like climate change.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains become a major challenge to public health and health provider due to their wide spread and resistance to wide spectrum of antibacterial agents.

Aim: This study aimed to characterize recombinant lysostaphin produced by Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and to investigate the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) by Candida albicans against MRSA.

Methods: Samples were collected from vaginal samples. The methods included efficient cloning, expression, and purification of recombinant lysostaphin, a potent antibacterial enzyme targeting S. aureus, and achieved with advanced molecular techniques in E. coli BL21(DE3). The SNPs were synthesized using a biogenic approach with C. albicans, demonstrating stable and efficient silver ion reduction, as confirmed by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses.

Results: The antibacterial assays against MRSA strains of S. aureus showed significant inhibition by both lysostaphin and SNPs. The combination of biosynthesized SNPs/polyethylene glycol with lysostaphin exerted significant activity against tested bacteria, resulting in zone of growth inhibition of 20.33 ± 0.88 mm.

Conclusion: These findings suggest a promising synergistic antibacterial strategy, offering hope in the fight against MRSA. The study findings reveal that lysostaphin and SNPs could be effective in the treatment of MRSA-related infections, especially when used in combination.

Background: Continuous exposure to carbon black could affect the reproductive health of female animals, especially in the process of folliculogenesis. Curcumin nanoparticles are expected to maintain reproductive organ fertility through exposure to pollution containing carbon.

Aim: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of curcumin nanoparticles on the number of preantral and antral ovarian follicles in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to carbon black.

Methods: This study used 30 female rats divided into five groups. The negative (K-) and positive (K+) control groups were given aquades + Na-CMC 0.5% orally, while the treatment group received different doses of curcumin nanoparticles, namely, in the P1 (50 mg/kgBW), P2 (100 mg/kgBW), and P3 (150 mg/kgBW) groups, via oral administration. After that, K+, P1, P2, and P3 were exposed to carbon black with a concentration of 1064 mg/m³ for 6 hours/day for 30 days. The ovarian organ would then be made histopathological preparations to examine the number of preantral and antral follicles with HE staining.

Results: The results showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). The average number of preantral follicles in the K- group (27.17 ± 6.37), K+ (10.33 ± 6.22), P1 (26.17 ± 5.98), P2 (19.17 ± 3.71), and P3 (23.50 ± 10.36) (p < 0.05) along with the average number of antral follicles in the K- group (18.50 ± 8.89), K+ (9.17 ± 2.14), P1 (17.67 ± 7.45), P2 (16.00 ± 5.30), and P3 (9.50 ± 5.09).

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study shows that curcumin nanoparticles with different doses could affect and maintain preantral and antral ovarian follicles in white rats exposed to carbon black. It was also found that the dose of the P1 group (50 mg/kgBW) had the highest effectiveness in maintaining the number of ovarian follicles. The results of this study demonstrate the therapeutic potential of curcumin nanoparticles as an affordable drug.

Background: Natural materials are frequently good options for drug development, regardless of their source. It has been demonstrated that curcumin boosts antioxidant capacity and guards against diabetic disorders.

Aim: The current study aimed to evaluate the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects of curcumin-NPs (Cur-NPs) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: Four groups of rats were randomly selected; (1) standard control group, (2) Cur-NPs group was given the regular food of rats along with 5 mg/kg of Cur-NPs daily, (3) Diabetic rats in the STZ group served as the positive control, and (4) Included in the STZ~Cur-NPs group were diabetic rats receiving Cur-NPs (5 mg/kg/day).

Results: After receiving Cur-NPs treatment for 6 weeks, the levels of glucose, tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF-alpha, interlukin1 β (IL1β), interlukin-4, interlukin-6, interlukin-10, MDA, and NO in the diabetic animals were significantly reduced. Simultaneously, the levels of insulin, CAT, GPx, GSH, and SOD were significantly increased, approaching the levels of the corresponding healthy animals. Similarly, insulin secretion increased in the islet β-cells as shown by immunohistochemical analysis, indicating improved glycaemic control and eventual glucose commitment to glycolysis; its processes for scavenging free radicals and acting as an antioxidant may explain this behavior.

Conclusion: As a result, our findings aid in the potential characterization and creation of novel therapeutic agents that prevent diabetes.

Background: Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) pose a significant global challenge to the poultry industry, affecting health, welfare, and production performance. Few studies have been conducted in Gabon on the prevalence of these infections in chickens.

Aim: This cross-sectional survey aims to assess the presence and diversity of GIP among chickens in the M'passa department.

Methods: Between April and October 2022, we randomly collected 402 fecal samples from local and exotic chicken breeds from four semi-intensive poultry farms and 11 free-range chicken sites in the M'passa department, southeast Gabon. These samples were analyzed for GIP using flotation and sedimentation methods.

Results: This study found 14 GIP eggs and oocytes in 72.9% (293/402) of examined chickens. Capillaria spp. (39.5%) and Ascaridia (31.1%) species were the most frequently identified parasites. Other identified parasites included Eimeria spp. (20.1%), Strongyloides avium (16.9%), Choanotaenia infundibulum (13.4%), Hymenolepis spp. (10.4%), Chilomastix gallinarum (7.7%), and Entamoaba. (1.7%). Single infections occurred in 39.3% (115/293, 95% IC: 33.7-44.9) of cases, while mixed infections were recorded in 60.7% (178/293, 95% IC: 55.1-66.3). The study also identified significant differences in prevalence among local and exotic breeds, genders, and age groups.

Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of GIP in Gabon chickens, potentially harming their health and productivity. We recommend implementing effective control measures against these infections to enhance the health and productivity of chickens in the region.

Background: The pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is complex. Pathology and molecular biology signatures during its progression are interesting to study.

Aim: This study will describe PAH progression from the first until the fourth week in a model focussing on endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), intima media thickness (IMT), and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and fibroblast.

Methods: Six male Wistar rats aged 4 months old with a range bodyweight (BW) of 180-230 g were used in this experiment. Rats were injected with Monocrotaline (MCT) 60 mg/kg of BW subcutaneously to induce PAH. Rats were anesthetized with Ketamin 50 mg/kg BW and Xylazin 5 mg/kg BW intramuscularly before cathetherization. Right heart cathetherization was performed at days 1st, 2nd, 4th, 9th, 16th, and 23rd after MCT injection. After completion of cathetherization, intracardiac exsanguination was performed and blood serum was analyzed by ELISA for ET-1, TNF-α, and ERK1/2. Lungs were harvested and parafinated blocked before being analyzed for IMT and proliferation of PASMCs and fibroblast.

Results: At first until the second week after MCT injection, mean pulmonary arterial pressure fluctuated. However, after 3rd until 4th week after MCT injection, its value becomes established over 40 mmHg. This is also followed by the level of ET-1 over 78 pg/ml, level of TNF-α over 223 ng/l, level of ERK1/2 over 47 ng/ml, IMT over 42 µm, ratio of PASMCs over 65%, and ratio of fibroblast 30%-35%.

Conclusion: Pulmonary hypertension was established at week 3rd-4th after MCT injection in a model.

Background: As an excellent model for many animal and human diseases, rabbits are the third-most used mammal model after mice and rats. A plethora of studies on the exploration of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells still face discrepancies, especially in the standardization of phenotype and genotype characteristics to support reproducibility in both biomedical and translational research.

Aim: This study is aimed to evaluate the characterization and differentiation potential of visceral rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Rab-ADMSC).

Methods: Visceral adipose tissue was obtained from three healthy male White New Zealand rabbits. Cells were further processed and cultivated aseptically. Phenotype and genotype assessments, including morphological observation, proliferation capacity, population doubling time, stemness- and senescence-related genes determination, a set panel of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) surface markers evaluation, and multilineage differentiation, were performed in this study.

Results: Visceral Rab-ADMSC exhibited fibroblast-like shape morphology and had a plastic adherent ability, expressed stemness- (NANOG, SOX2) and senescence-related (TP53, CDKN1A) markers. Visceral Rab-ADMSC performs high expression of CD9, moderate expression of CD44 and CD49f, dimly expression of CD105, CD90, and CD73, and negative expression of CD13 and CD133 as well as CD45 as a hematopoietic stem cell marker. Despite these discrepancies, visceral Rab-ADMSC maintained its ability to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes.

Conclusion: To recapitulate, visceral Rab-ADMSC reveals the phenotype and genotype characteristics of adult mesenchymal stem cells. The study emphasizes how variations in tissue sources, culture conditions, and techniques can affect the reproducibility and validity of MSC obtained from different specific anatomical depots and species. Thus, the utilization of rabbit MSC as an animal model in biomedical and translational studies should be done with full caution to avoid data misinterpretation.

Background: Breast cancer, a prevalent disease affecting women globally, is particularly aggressive and has limited treatment options.

Aim: Snake venom, containing active chemicals, has shown potential in medicine.

Methods: The study investigates the anticancer effect of Egyptian cobra Naja haje venom alone and in combination with Nanoparticles (NP) on TNBC in vivo. The study involved dividing experimental animals into five groups, each with 10 rats, each treated with different doses of crude venom, G2 and G3, respectively. The study involved loading venom onto NP-based delivery systems, measuring inflammatory cytokines and tumor markers, extracting RNA, real-time qRT-PCR gene expression, and histopathological examination of breast tissue.

Results: The study involved administering Naja haje crude venom at higher (1/5 LD50) and lower (1/20 LD50) dose levels in groups G2 and G3, respectively.

Conclusion: The study found that venom treatment in groups G4 and G5 significantly improved inflammatory cytokine and tumor markers levels, increased expression of tumor-suppressor genes, and increased apoptosis and necrosis.

Background: The LD₅₀ (lethal dose causing 50% mortality) of ethylene glycol (EG) and its associated toxicity in mice (Mus musculus) were assessed by evaluating kidney function.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the acute toxicity of an oral lethal dose of 50% (LD₅₀) of EG, also degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory cell invasion in kidney tubules of male rats (Rattus norvegicus) as an animal model.

Methods: There were 66 DDG (Deutschland Denken Yoken) mice in 11 groups of six in this investigation. The daylong metabolic cage study contained one control (C) and 10 treatment groups that received different EG doses. EG's daily BW/kg dosage varied from 0.5 mg/kg to 15,000 mg/kg. The treatment group was given a single dose of EG at a dose of T1 = 0.5 mg/kg BW, T2 = 1.57 mg/kg BW, T3 = 4.94 mg/kg BW, T4 = 15.54 mg/kg BW, T5 = 48.84 mg/kg BW, T6 = 153.55 mg/kg BW, T7 = 482.74 mg/kg BW, and T8 = 1517.66 mg/kg BW T9 = 4771.24 mg/kg BW, T10 = 14999.99 ≈ 15. 000 mg/kg BW. One-way Analysis of Variance testing was used to analyze the data.

Results: The LD₅₀ value of EG in mice was determined to be 1.598 mg/kg BW, classifying EG as "Slightly Toxic." According to renal histopathology, EG dosage increased renal tubular degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration. Acute renal impairment and lower urine output were observed in the EG (4.94 mg/kg-1517.66 mg/kg BW). Histologically, EG levels are associated with renal tubular cell degeneration, necrosis, and interstitial inflammatory cell growth.

Conclusion: Acute EG exposure caused renal failure in male mice. Acute exposure to EG causes renal tubular cell degeneration and inflammation, indicating toxicity and health hazards.

Background: Birds-of-paradise, renowned for their stunning plumage and intricate mating rituals, have been extensively studied for their external characteristics. However, the microbial communities inhabiting their digestive tracts remain largely unexplored. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in host health and physiology, influencing digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune function. Understanding the microbiome of birds-of-paradise, particularly in their unique tropical rainforest habitats, may offer valuable insights into their adaptation and overall health.

Aim: This study aims to characterize the gut microbiome of birds-of-paradise and to explore the relationship between microbiome and host.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from Jayapura Regency, Indonesia, with non-invasive sampling methods. DNA was extracted using the DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed on the MGI DNBSEQ-G400 platform to obtain DNA sequences. DNA sequences were analyzed using DIAMOND followed by MEGAN6 to provide insights into the relative abundance of bacterial taxa within the microbiome.

Results: Using Operational Taxonomy Unit analysis we identified 1,398,117 sequences from 5,048,280 initial sequences. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla, with other phyla present in smaller amounts. Burkholderiales, Hyphomicrobiales, Sphingobacteriales, and Enterobacterales were dominant orders, each with specific functional roles. Family and Genus-Level Abundance: Flavobacteriaceae, Comamonadaceae, and Sphingobacteriaceae were dominant families, while Flavobacterium, Delftia, and Pedobacter were dominant genera. Delftia sp., Pedobacter sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Achromobacter sp., Bacillus pumilus, Rhizobium sp., and Brevundimonas sp. were among the most abundant species.

Conclusion: The microbiome in the gut of birds-of-paradise is characterized by a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. The abundance of specific orders, families, and genera varies between samples, suggesting that differences in diet, habitat, or host genetics may influence microbiome composition. The findings reveal a diverse and complex microbial community that likely plays a crucial role in host health and physiology.