Open Veterinary Journal最新文献

Background: Currently, research is focused on therapeutic plants which are regarded as a supply of several phytotherapeutic compounds with several activities; among these plants we find cacti.

Aim: The purpose of this work is to reveal the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of fruit peel from Opuntia stricta.

Methods: The phenolics profile has been obtained by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/mass spectroscopy analysis, antioxidant capacity has been evaluated by DPPH, FRAP, CAT, and ABTS^{• +} free radical, and the antimicrobial activity was tested against 7 bacteria and 3 fungi.

Results: The results reveal that EFOS has a high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, quinic acid, and hyperoside which were the most dominant. Moreover, the observed antioxidant capacity of the extract was remarkable. In addition, a high antimicrobial capacity especially against Staphylococcus aureus and Pythium catenulatum. These results indicate that fruit peels of O. stricta have potential applications as a natural preservative in cosmetics and in food formulations, and also as a natural remedy.

Conclusion: The finding proved that EFOS is characterized first by a wide variability of polyphenols and flavonoids and secondly by good potential antioxidant and antibacterial activities.

An infectious disease called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) can lead to a number of disorders affecting cattle's respiratory system. The disease is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1). Based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, BoAHV-1 strains are divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b, and 1.3. IBR is currently widespread throughout the world, with the exception of a few nations that have achieved eradication. The most significant characteristic of this illness is that, after a clinical or subclinical infection, the virus typically establishes a latent condition that can later be reactivated in the presence of stress, immunosuppressive conditions/substances, or other diseases. Primarily, the virus spreads by direct or indirect contact between animals. It may also be transmitted via the reproductive system, causing infectious balanoposthitis or vulvovaginitis. Most virus subtypes are associated with reproductive failure, such as fetal or embryonic resorption and abortions. The virus may also be transmitted through semen, which could lead to genital transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection produces a variety of lesions. Lesion in the mucosal surface usually consists of white necrotic material. Regular methods for diagnosing BoHV-1 infections include isolation in cell culture, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, virus neutralisation test, and methods based on identification of nucleic acids, like PCR. The interplay of several host, pathogen, environmental, and management factors affects the spread of IBR. Through its impacts on health and fitness, IBR can lead to production losses. In order to minimize the severity of clinical signs and stop the infection from spreading, the veterinarian may advise that sick or at-risk animals be placed under immediate isolation and vaccinated (such as intranasal vaccination, including the use of both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines) as soon as an IBR diagnosis is obtained.

Background: Intestinal helminth infections in cats are often neglected major zoonoses spread from pets to humans worldwide.

Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence and identified risk factors associated with zoonotic gastrointestinal helminth infections in different cat populations in the most populous megapolitan areas of Indonesia: Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi (Jabodetabek).

Methods: Fecal samples from the shelter (stray) and household (owned) cats were analyzed using sugar flotation techniques. Intestinal helminth eggs were detected microscopically based on structural and morphometric characteristics. Risk factors for the occurrence of helminth infection were identified through statistical analysis of cat ownership, breed, migrant status, management practices, caging, feed type, and deworming medications used. Human cases of worm larvae infestation identified during the interviews were reported.

Results: Analysis of 354 fecal samples revealed that 37.9% (134/354) of examined cats were infected with Toxocara sp., 22.6% (80/354) with Ancylostoma sp., 25.4% (90/354) with Uncinaria sp., 3.1% (11/354) with Strongyloides sp., 2% (7/354) with Diphyllobothrium sp., and 0.6% (2/354) with Dipylidium sp. Infection with roundworms and hookworms was associated with a variety of factors, including introduction of new animals, management practices, cage cleanliness, feed type, use of deworming medication, routine deworming, and contact with other animals. A human case of cutaneous larva migrans was due to hookworm (Ancylostoma sp./Uncinaria sp.) infection.

Conclusion: The prevalence of important zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes (hookworms and roundworms) is high in cats in Jabodetabek, Indonesia. To reduce the risk of transmission to other animals or humans, adequate measures to control, manage, and prevent zoonotic helminth infections are required. This study presents important baseline information that provides a basis for future epidemiologic studies and the development of strategies to manage zoonotic gastrointestinal helminths in cats in the region.

Background: Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite responsible for canker in pigeons, a debilitating disease that causes significant economic losses. While metronidazole (MTZ) remains the primary treatment, the emergence of resistance is a growing concern. This study investigated the efficacy of eugenol and its nanoemulsion formulation against T. gallinae in both in vitro and in vivo settings.

Aim: To evaluate the anti-trichomonal activity of eugenol, eugenol nanoemulsion, and MTZ against T. gallinae using in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods: In vitro, T. gallinae trophozoites were exposed to varying concentrations of eugenol and eugenol nanoemulsion (0.625-10 μg/ml), as well as MTZ (25 μg/ml). Cytotoxicity was assessed using Vero cells. In vivo, 120 pigeons were experimentally infected and treated with either eugenol (10 mg/kg), eugenol nanoemulsion (10 mg/kg), MTZ (25 mg/kg), or left untreated. Treatments were administered daily for 5 days.

Results: In vitro, both eugenol and its nanoemulsion at 10 μg/ml achieved 100% lethality of T. gallinae after 48 hours, while MTZ reached the same effect within 24 hours. In vivo, MTZ and eugenol (at 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively) resulted in 100% recovery of infected pigeons 5 days post-treatment. Notably, eugenol nanoemulsion (10 mg/kg) achieved 100% recovery within just 4 days post-treatment.

Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of eugenol and its nanoemulsion as alternative treatments for T. gallinae infections in pigeons. The eugenol nanoemulsion, in particular, demonstrated promising results with faster recovery rates compared to both MTZ and eugenol, suggesting it may be especially effective against MTZ-resistant strains. Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy and safety of these agents for treating T. gallinae infections in pigeons.

Background: The global demand for fish and fish products has increased due to population growth and healthier food choices. However, bacterial infections caused by Aeromonas species pose a challenge. Antibiotics are crucial for disease control, but multidrug resistance is a global concern. Eco-friendly disease management methods, like saffron, have been identified as potential treatments.

Aim: The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Saffron on Nile tilapia's growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance.

Methods: 180 fish were acclimatized for 2 weeks and randomly allocated into three groups. The first group served as a control, while the other two groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with Saffron at 1.5 g/kg (T1) and 0.5 g/kg (T2), respectively, for 12 weeks. Biochemical blood parameters. Histopathology and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the gills, liver, and spleen tissues.

Results: Following the feeding trial with Saffron supplement, especially at higher levels enhanced weight gain, Growth performance, plasma total protein, and globulin showed higher levels in fish groups with dietary with Saffron at 1.5 g/kg (T1) and 0.5 g/kg (T2) than in fish fed the control diet Regulate the immune response in lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Regeneration of gills, liver, and spleen tissues was noticed Furthermore, saffron-treated organs exhibited immunoreactivity to TNF-α was mostly seen in the liver and gills, although it was also somewhat in the kidney and spleen and CD68, the group were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, improved its defenses against A. hydrophila, immunity, and disease resistance than the control group.

Conclusion: The results showed that saffron supplementation significantly increased the survival rate of fish challenged with A. hydrophila. It also enhanced the immune response of fish, as evidenced by increased levels of serum immunoglobulins and lysozyme activity. These findings suggest that saffron supplementation could be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in aquaculture.

Background: The structures of the pancreas in crow (Linnaecus corvus) and Iraqi black partridge (Melanoperdix niger) were the targets for histological and morphometric differences in both birds.

Aim: To study the comparative histomorphology of the pancreas in two species black partridge and local crow.

Methods: Five healthy black partridge and five local crows were used in the current study.

Results: The anatomical study reveals that the pancreas in both species is situated within the coelomic compartment on the right side. It is composed of four lobes including splenic, ventral, third, and dorsal lobes. It showed three ducts of the pancreas located between two duodenal limbs. Histologically, the pancreas of both birds contained two portions, endocrine and exocrine zone. The portion that occupied a large area of the pancreas was the exocrine which consisted of acini made of pyramid cells varying in shape and size. In black partridge, the acini have centroacinar cells but no centroacinar in crow. The duct system starting from the intercalated duct, interlobular and terminated by the main duct was folded with line simple columnar epithelium. The islet Langerhans was oval in black partridge and had a distinctive border containing two types of cells (Alpha and Beta), while a Delta, in addition to Alpha Beta cells, was detected in the crow islet Langerhans which was a sphincter in shape.

Conclusion: The pancreas of both bird black partridge (Melanoperdix niger) and crow (Linnaecus corvus) was a lobulated organ, that has a similar location in coelomic cavity. The pancreas in the crow was longer. In addition to the presence of some differences in histological structures between the two birds, a better understanding of the function of the pancreas in these species is needed.

Background: Lung tumors in dogs, significantly primary paragangliomas, are rare and have not been reported. This report describes a dog with a lung tumor diagnosed as a primary paraganglioma.

Case description: A 12-year-old spayed French bulldog presented with a left-sided pulmonary mass. The dog was in good general condition and had no clinical symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a pulmonary mass near the bifurcation of the posterior lobe bronchus of the left lung. The mass showed a strong contrast enhancement effect that was subsequently attenuated. The dog underwent Surgery to remove the mass from the left lung. Abnormal hypertension was observed during surgery, and hypertensive crisis was suspected. Based on the histopathology and preoperative and postoperative urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine levels, the dog was diagnosed with primary paraganglioma of the lung. Although the CT scan showed findings suggestive of the development of a neuroendocrine tumor, it was difficult to suspect the development of a paraganglioma.

Conclusion: The possibility of catecholamine-producing tumors should be considered when we encounter a lung tumor with no clinical symptoms and a neuroendocrine tumor-like contrast enhancement pattern on a CT scan.

Escherichia coli is a bacterium with command and pathogenic variants. It has been implicated in the induction of several inflammatory conditions. Finding a biomarker for infection began many years ago. The challenge of using acute phase proteins (APPs) as biomarkers for infection is a promising target for many researchers in this field. Many APPs have been studied for their roles as biomarkers of E. coli infection. The following review aims to highlight recent trials that have approved the use of adiponectin, amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, C-reactive protein, Haptoglobin, and Pentraxin 3 as biomarkers for E. coli infection and assess the obtained results. In conclusion, despite the existing approaches for the use of APPs as biomarkers in E. coli infection, we recommend more precise studies to enable these markers to be more specific and applicable in clinical fields. APPs could be markers for systemic inflammatory conditions, regardless of the causative agent.

Classical swine fever (CSF), sometimes referred to as hog cholera, is a highly contagious, virally based, systemic illness that affects both domestic and wild pigs. The virus known as classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, specifically the genus Pestivirus. This disease is thought to be endemic in many Asian countries that produce pork as well as in several countries in Central and South America, the Caribbean, and elsewhere. As previously indicated, depending on the virulence of the virus strain involved and several host circumstances, clinical indications of CSFV infection can vary greatly, ranging from abrupt fatality to an occult course. CSF diagnosis can be made by serological detection, antigen, RNA, and isolation. CSF's highly varied symptoms and post-mortem pathology resemble those of African swine fever (ASF). ASF, the kind of CSFV, the pig's age, and its susceptibility all affect the clinical symptoms. Pigs that contract CSFV, a highly infectious and economically significant virus. The great economic significance of the swine business makes the CSFV a potential bioterrorism threat. Live attenuated CSF vaccinations have been around for many years and are quite safe and effective. Controlling epidemics in CSFV-free zones requires quick action. Pigs that are impacted must be slaughtered, and the carcasses must be buried or burned.