{"title":"More precise method of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation for tobacco and electronic cigarette smokers: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Han-Joon Bae, Hae Won Jung, Seung-Pyo Hong","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0309002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking is associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. However, the accuracies of the Friedewald, Sampson, and Martin LDL-C-estimating equations based on smoking status are unclear. We analyzed the accuracy of LDL-C levels estimated using these three equations based on tobacco and electronic cigarette smoking status. Data on LDL-C and other lipid components were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from January 2009 to December 2021. Direct LDL-C (dLDL-C) levels and smoking data of 12,325 participants were evaluated. Current smokers had higher triglyceride levels than never smokers. Electronic cigarette smokers had higher triglyceride and dLDL-C levels than never smokers. The Martin equation yielded more accurate mean absolute deviations than the other equations for the group with triglyceride levels <400 mg/dL as well as more accurate median absolute deviation values, except for the group with dLDL-C levels <40 mg/dL. Similar estimates were derived from the equations when the triglyceride levels were <150 mg/dL. However, the Martin equation may lead to the overestimation of LDL-C levels. In conclusion, the Martin equation is suitable for triglyceride levels <400 mg/dL regardless of the electronic cigarette/tobacco smoking status; if the triglyceride level is <150 mg, the Friedewald equation could also be considered, regardless of the electronic cigarette/tobacco smoking status.</p>","PeriodicalId":20189,"journal":{"name":"PLoS ONE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11414970/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"PLoS ONE","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309002","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Smoking is associated with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. However, the accuracies of the Friedewald, Sampson, and Martin LDL-C-estimating equations based on smoking status are unclear. We analyzed the accuracy of LDL-C levels estimated using these three equations based on tobacco and electronic cigarette smoking status. Data on LDL-C and other lipid components were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from January 2009 to December 2021. Direct LDL-C (dLDL-C) levels and smoking data of 12,325 participants were evaluated. Current smokers had higher triglyceride levels than never smokers. Electronic cigarette smokers had higher triglyceride and dLDL-C levels than never smokers. The Martin equation yielded more accurate mean absolute deviations than the other equations for the group with triglyceride levels <400 mg/dL as well as more accurate median absolute deviation values, except for the group with dLDL-C levels <40 mg/dL. Similar estimates were derived from the equations when the triglyceride levels were <150 mg/dL. However, the Martin equation may lead to the overestimation of LDL-C levels. In conclusion, the Martin equation is suitable for triglyceride levels <400 mg/dL regardless of the electronic cigarette/tobacco smoking status; if the triglyceride level is <150 mg, the Friedewald equation could also be considered, regardless of the electronic cigarette/tobacco smoking status.
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