PLoS ONE最新文献

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230010.].

Introduction: Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a common complication following distal radius fractures that is difficult to diagnose and can lead to permanent disability. While various proposed prophylaxis and treatment modalities exist, high-quality evidence guiding practice is limited. This survey of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) and Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA) members was conducted with the primary aim of assessing practice patterns in distal radius fractures complicated with CRPS.

Methods: An electronic survey was distributed to practicing orthopaedic surgeons in the COA and OTA. Questions assessed practice setting, preference in management of distal radius fractures and CRPS, comfort level in managing CRPS, and identification of gaps in management. Responses were anonymized and collected over 8 months. Response data was analyzed using descriptive statistics; thematic analysis was used on free text response.

Results: 134 survey responses were completed. 84% of respondents felt the incidence of CRPS in distal radius fractures was 1-10%, while 15% felt it was closer to 11-20%. 24% of respondents utilized the "Budapest Criteria" to diagnose CRPS. 40% offered prophylaxis in patients felt to be at high risk of developing CRPS. 66% of surgeons felt neutral, uncomfortable, or very uncomfortable managing CRPS in distal radius fractures. When asked to consider adopting a prophylactic therapy, 38% of surgeons indicated that a therapy that reduced the absolute risk of CRPS by 6-10% would change their practice. Gaps in current practice included lack of evidence-based treatment and prevention strategies and diagnostic uncertainty.

Conclusion: This study identified that amongst orthopaedic surgeons in the COA and OTA, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis strategies for CRPS in distal radius fractures are heterogeneous. Surgeons are not confident in their treatment of CRPS. Future studies using rigorous research methods are warranted to improve management.

Introduction: Myocardial Infarct Size (IS) determined soon after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has prognostic significance, and can be assessed by cardiac biomarker levels, electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, and imaging modalities (including echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging [CMRI]).

Objectives and methods: We evaluated methods of IS assessment, 12-lead ECG Selvester QRS scores and high-sensitivity Troponin T (hsTnT) levels measured ≥48hr (plateau phase of hsTnT elevation), compared to paired CMRIs and echocardiograms, in a prospective cohort of patients with STEMI undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) during the index hospitalisation. Associations were determined between IS, as assessed by these methods, and 24-month major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a hierarchical composite of: death, stroke and hospitalization for heart failure.

Results: Of 233 patients undergoing early CMRI after STEMI, 211 patients (86% male; 54% anterior MI) had first STEMIs, median age 56 years [interquartile range 50-64], of whom 165 (78%) underwent primary PCI and 46 (22%) pharmaco-invasive PCI. Ejection fraction improved from 48% [42-54] acutely to 52% [44-60] at 2 months (p< 0.05). Plateau phase hsTnT levels, QRS scoring and CMRI-determined IS post-STEMI correlated for anterior MIs (all comparisons r>0.4, p<0.01); highest tertiles of these 3 parameters predicted 24 month MACE (log-rank <0.01). Multi-variable binary logistic regression analysis showed 72h hsTnT levels predicted 24-month MACE (p<0.01).

Conclusion: Post-PCI treatment of STEMI, hsTnT levels measured ≥48h and Selvester QRS scoring correlated with CMRI-determined IS. These parameters predicted MACE at 24 months and should be routinely assessed for post-STEMI risk stratification.

During visual search, we quickly learn to attend to an object's likely location. Research has shown that this process can be guided by learning target locations based on consistent spatial contextual associations or other statistical regularities. Here, we tested how different types of associations guide learning and the utilisation of established memories for different purposes. Participants learned contextual associations or rule-like statistical regularities that predicted target locations within different scenes. The consequences of this learning for subsequent performance were then evaluated on attention-orienting and memory-recall tasks. Participants demonstrated facilitated attention-orienting and recall performance based on both contextual associations and statistical regularities. Contextual associations facilitated attention orienting with a different time course compared to statistical regularities. Benefits to memory-recall performance depended on the alignment between the learned association or regularity and the recall demands. The distinct patterns of behavioural facilitation by contextual associations and statistical regularities show how different forms of long-term memory may influence neural information processing through different modulatory mechanisms.

Background: Anxiety disorders significantly impair the quality of life (QOL). Studies on the effect of sleep duration, chronotype, and social jet lag on anxiety disorders are limited. This study aimed to elucidate the contributions of sleep duration, chronotype, and social jet lag to the prevalence and severity of anxiety disorders in Koreans.

Methods: This study used data of 9,874 Korean adults from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2021-2022. Anxiety was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale, and health-related QOL was measured using the Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument with 8-Items. Complex sample logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between sleep duration, chronotype, and social jet lag and anxiety disorders, with analyses stratified by sex.

Results: Sleep duration of <6 h, evening chronotype, and social jet lag of >2 h were significantly associated with a high prevalence of anxiety disorders in women; however, in men, only sleep duration of <6 h was associated with anxiety disorders. Sleep duration of <6 h and evening chronotype were associated with low QOL in women but not in men.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of adequate sleep and circadian alignment for mental health, particularly in women. Public health initiatives should focus on promoting healthy sleep habits to improve mental health and QOL. Further research is required to understand the causal pathways and sex-specific mechanisms underlying these associations.

China's heritage protection programme has gradually included the defence industry, and many industrial buildings related to defence have been included in the national list of cultural relics for protection. The relevant research mainly concerns the value of these heritage sites, lacking of research on the site selection and construction of buildings. This field also ignores the significant historical background of the Second Sino-Japanese War. This paper researches the National Resources Commission (NRC) during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It studies its site selection strategy for the 28 factories built by the organization in Hunan and Chongqing. First, the NRC-related historical data were sorted, including the list of factories built before and during the war, and their own historical construction database was established. Then, "Historical Position Finding - Site Feature Construction - Site Selection Factor Evaluation" is used to analyse each site. Finally, the site selection strategy of the NRC before and after the war was analysed. The innovation of this research is to put forward a research method combining field investigation and historical archives based on the perspective of institutional history. The study determined the spatial location of each plant and provided a direct basis for subsequent protection and utilization.

Black Sigatoka is the most widespread banana disease worldwide. It is caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis, a fungal pathogen known for developing resistance to fungicides such as thiabendazole. Despite the increasing costs associated with the use of chemicals to control this disease, the pathogen's mechanisms for fungicide resistance are not fully understood. The metabolite profiles of P. fijiensis isolates with different levels of resistance to thiabendazole were characterized by GC-MS. A total of 33 isolates were obtained from symptomatic banana plants and the sensitivity of each isolate to thiabendazole was assessed at 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, and 10000 μg.mL-1. Then, the metabolite profile of each isolate was assessed using GC-MS. Metabolites such as hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, octadecadienoic acid and octadecanoic acid were significantly over-accumulated in the presence of thiabendazole at 10 μg.mL-1. Phosphoric acid, L-proline, and D-allose increased in concentration with time in the presence of 100 μg.mL-1 of thiabendazole, and mannonic acid, 1-hexadecanol, D-sorbitol and tetracosanoic acid were only detected in the presence of the fungicide. Metabolic pathways including that of fructose, mannose metabolism, the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and ABC transporters were upregulated in resistant isolates. Our findings show an increment of tetracosanoic (myristic) acid suggesting a possible β-tubulin-compensation mechanism in resistant isolates. The presence of myristic acid promoted the generation of diacylglycerol kinase δ which facilitated the production of β-tubulin in other studies. Additionally, important changes in the metabolite profiles were observed as soon as six hours after exposure to the fungicide showing an early response of the pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that describes the changes in the metabolite profile of P. fijiensis resistant to thiabendazole when exposed to the fungicide.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262261.].

Background: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that offers a non-invasive approach for measuring cerebral blood perfusion (CBF). CBF serves as a marker of neuronal activity, and ASL has demonstrated the potential to detect reductions in CBF associated with early-stage neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Consequently, ASL has garnered growing interest as a potential diagnostic tool for AD. Despite the promise of ASL for diagnosing AD, there is a paucity of data regarding the pooled specificity and sensitivity of this technique in this context. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify the accuracy of ASL in the diagnosis of AD with international clinical diagnosis as the gold standard.

Methods: Four English databases and four Chinese databases were searched from their inception to 30 November 2023. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant information from the eligible articles, while the quality assessment of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). The meta-analysis was carried out using the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) and sensitivity and specificity values. Meta-DiSc 1.4 was used to perform the statistical analysis. STATA 16.0 was used to perform publication bias and sensitivity analysis.

Results: Of 844 relevant articles retrieved, 10 studies involving 494 participants (AD patients = 262, healthy controls = 232) met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. However, the quality of studies was low based on QUADAS-2. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of ASL for diagnosing AD was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.87), 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.86), 4.52 (95% CI: 3.40-6.00), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.17-0.28), and 19.31(95% CI: 12.30-30.31), respectively. The pooled AUC = 0.8932. There was low heterogeneity across the included studies. Finally, sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were reliable.

Conclusion: ASL is an effective and accurate method for the diagnosis of AD. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more studies.

Prospero registration: PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023484059.

One key goal of basic aging research is the development of reliable assays of both current and future health. These assays could dramatically accelerate progress toward developing health-extending interventions by obviating the need for full lifespan studies, especially if they were informative relatively early in life. One potential approach is the assessment of physiological resilience, defined as the ability to recover from an adverse event. Here, using CB6F1 mice, we evaluated four potential resilience assays, each quantifying recovery from a physiological challenge with clear relevance to humans. The challenges were: (1) anesthesia recovery, (2) restoration of hemoglobin levels after a blood draw, (3) speed of wound healing, and (4) survival after pathogen exposure. We evaluated how each changed with age and with interventions known to extend health in males only (17α-estradiol) or both sexes (calorie restriction). We found that three of the four (recovery from anesthesia, blood draw, and pathogen exposure) showed significant and expected age effects, but wound healing did not. None of the three age-sensitive assays responded to the health-extending interventions in the way we expected, and for some assays, including anesthesia response, interventions actually worsened outcomes. Possible explanations are: (1) our interventions were too brief, (2) the ages we evaluated were too young, (3) our assays did not capture important features of organismal resilience, or (4) organismal resilience is not as clearly related to current or future health as hypothesized. Future studies are needed to determine which of these interpretations is valid and to determine whether other resilience metrics may be more informative about current and future health.