Public health contributions of entomological surveillance of West Nile virus (WNV) and other mosquito-borne arboviruses in a context of climate change.

Bouchra Bakhiyi, Alejandra Irace-Cima, Antoinette Ludwig, Miarisoa Rindra Rakotoarinia, Christian Therrien, Isabelle Dusfour, Ariane Adam-Poupart
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Abstract

Background: Climate change is likely to increase the risk of human transmission of arboviruses endemic to Canada, including West Nile virus (WNV), Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and California serogroup virus (CSV), calling for enhanced surveillance, including entomological surveillance targeting mosquito vectors. A scoping review was carried out to document the public health contributions of entomological surveillance of arboviruses of importance in Canada.

Methods: The Ovid® and EBSCO platforms and the grey literature were searched to identify documents published between 2009 and 2023, in English or French, dealing with entomological surveillance of arboviruses of interest, conducted annually for human health purposes under the aegis of a government authority, with specified public health objectives and actions.

Results: The 42 selected publications mainly reported two public health objectives of adult mosquito surveillance: early warning of viral circulation and assessment of the level of risk of human transmission. Recommended actions included clinical preparedness, risk communication, promotion of personal protection measures and vector control. The main objectives of immature mosquito surveillance were to identify sites with high larval densities, in order to reduce/eliminate them and target the application of larvicides.

Conclusion: In a context of climate change favouring the spread of arboviruses, this study highlights the potential public health contributions of regular entomological surveillance of endemic arboviruses of importance in Canada. It helps support concrete actions to protect the health of the population from the risks of arboviral transmission.

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在气候变化背景下对西尼罗河病毒(WNV)和其他蚊媒虫媒病毒进行昆虫学监测对公共卫生的贡献。
背景:气候变化可能会增加加拿大特有的虫媒病毒(包括西尼罗河病毒 (WNV)、东马脑炎病毒 (EEEV) 和加利福尼亚血清群病毒 (CSV))向人类传播的风险,因此需要加强监测,包括针对蚊子媒介的昆虫监测。为了记录昆虫学监测对加拿大公共卫生的贡献,我们对加拿大重要的虫媒病毒进行了范围审查:方法:对 Ovid® 和 EBSCO 平台以及灰色文献进行了检索,以确定 2009 年至 2023 年间发表的有关虫媒病毒昆虫学监测的英文或法文文献:所选的 42 份出版物主要报告了成蚊监测的两个公共卫生目标:病毒传播的早期预警和人类传播风险水平的评估。建议采取的行动包括临床准备、风险交流、推广个人防护措施和病媒控制。未成年蚊子监测的主要目标是确定幼虫密度高的地点,以减少/消除幼虫密度,并有针对性地使用杀幼虫剂:在气候变化有利于虫媒病毒传播的背景下,这项研究强调了对加拿大重要的地方性虫媒病毒进行定期昆虫学监测对公共卫生的潜在贡献。它有助于支持采取具体行动,保护人们的健康免受虫媒病毒传播的危害。
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