Adrenocortical neoplasm in a 2-year-old child: Clinical approach and diagnostic imaging

Abstract

Adrenocortical tumors in children and adolescents are rare and aggressive, accounting for only 0.2% of pediatric cancers, with most cases associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome. The most common manifestation is virilization due to androgen excess. Imaging techniques are crucial in the diagnosis and management of pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma. CT and MRI are essential for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions and assessing tumor characteristics and extent. Correlating imaging findings with clinical and histopathological data is vital for optimal diagnosis and treatment, underscoring the need for a multidisciplinary approach to managing these rare but aggressive neoplasms. This report presents the case of a previously healthy 2-year-old boy who exhibited virilization symptoms and was diagnosed with adrenocortical carcinoma.