Disentangling the factors defining Bacillus subtilis group species abundance in natural soils

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY Environmental microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI:10.1111/1462-2920.16693
Xinming Xu, Adele Pioppi, Heiko T. Kiesewalter, Mikael Lenz Strube, Ákos T. Kovács
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Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is ubiquitously and broadly distributed in various environments but is mostly isolated from soil. Given that B. subtilis is known as a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium in agriculture, we aimed to describe the natural distribution of this species and uncover how biotic and abiotic factors affect its distribution. When comparing different soils, we discovered that B. subtilis group species are most abundant in grasslands but can rarely be isolated from forest soil, even if the soil sample sites are situated in proximity. Differential analysis revealed that spore-forming bacteria exhibited enrichments in the grassland, suggesting niche overlap or synergistic interactions leading to the proliferation of certain Bacillus species in grassland environments. Network analysis further revealed that Bacillus and other Bacillota established a densely interconnected hub module in the grassland, characterised by positive associations indicating co-occurrence, a pattern not observed in the forest soil. Speculating that this difference was driven by abiotic factors, we combined amplicon sequencing with physico-chemical analysis of soil samples and found multiple chemical variables, mainly pH, to affect microbial composition. Our study pinpoints the factors that influence B. subtilis abundance in natural soils and, therefore, offers insights for designing B. subtilis-based biocontrol products in agricultural settings.

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厘清界定天然土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌群物种丰度的因素
枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)广泛分布于各种环境中,但大部分是从土壤中分离出来的。鉴于枯草芽孢杆菌在农业中被称为促进植物生长的根瘤菌,我们旨在描述该物种的自然分布,并揭示生物和非生物因素如何影响其分布。在对不同土壤进行比较时,我们发现枯草芽孢杆菌群在草地中最为丰富,但很少能从森林土壤中分离到,即使土壤样本地点相邻。差异分析表明,孢子形成细菌在草地中表现出富集,这表明生态位重叠或协同作用导致某些芽孢杆菌物种在草地环境中大量繁殖。网络分析进一步显示,芽孢杆菌和其他芽孢杆菌在草地上建立了一个紧密联系的中枢模块,其特点是正关联,表明共同出现,而这种模式在森林土壤中没有观察到。我们将扩增子测序与土壤样本的物理化学分析相结合,发现多种化学变量(主要是 pH 值)会影响微生物的组成,从而推测这种差异是由非生物因素造成的。我们的研究指出了影响天然土壤中枯草芽孢杆菌丰度的因素,因此为在农业环境中设计基于枯草芽孢杆菌的生物防治产品提供了启示。
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来源期刊
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology 环境科学-微生物学
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.90%
发文量
427
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens
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