Adsorption of Se(IV) on kaolinite and montmorillonite in the presence of fulvic acid

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of fulvic acid, a representative of aquatic natural organic matter (NOM), on the pH-dependent adsorption of Se(IV) on kaolinite and montmorillonite. Given their negative charges in aqueous solutions, Se(IV) and fulvic acid compete for the limited and identical adsorptive sites of clay minerals, particularly in neutral to alkaline environments. This competition was most pronounced under acidic conditions, where both Se(IV) and fulvic acid adsorption are favored. At pH 3, the presence of 20–80 mg·L⁻¹ fulvic acid reduced the Se(IV) adsorption by up to half on both clay adsorbents. However, in near-neutral to alkaline pH regions (pH 6 to 10), the competitive interaction between Se(IV) and fulvic acid was less pronounced, since the adsorption of both fulvic acid and Se(IV) decreased. In particular for kaolinite, a rise in Se(IV) adsorption was evident at lower fulvic acid concentrations (20 mg·L⁻¹). This phenomenon arises from the absence of aqueous complexes between Se(IV) and fulvic acid under acidic conditions, contrasting with their strong interaction under alkaline conditions as observed in the ATR-FTIR spectra. This study sheds light on the influence of NOM on the mobility of Se(IV) in natural waters, an aspect yet to be thoroughly explored.