Systematic review of impacts of occupational exposure to wildfire smoke on respiratory function, symptoms, measures and diseases

IF 4.5 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES International journal of hygiene and environmental health Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114463
Win Wah , Asmare Gelaw , Deborah C. Glass , Malcolm R. Sim , Ryan F. Hoy , Janneke Berecki-Gisolf , Karen Walker-Bone
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Abstract

Background

Wildfire smoke contains numerous hazardous air pollutants which pose serious health risks to humans. Despite this, there has been a limited focus on the assessment of the acute physiological and longer-term respiratory effects of wildfire exposure on firefighters and other emergency workers. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review of the evidence about the respiratory impacts of occupational wildfire smoke exposure among wildfire fighters (WFF).

Methods

Eligible studies from Medline, Embase and Scopus databases were included if they described the relationship between wildfire exposure and respiratory function, symptoms, measures and diseases amongst emergency personnel or firefighters who had responded to wildfires.

Results

Twenty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. 24 out of 26 (22 out of 23 moderate/high quality) studies provided evidence of adverse respiratory effects, including reduced lung function, increased airway dysfunction and airway inflammation, upper and lower respiratory tract symptoms and increased asthma incidence related to wildfires or prescribed burns exposure among WFF and police responders. Fourteen out of 19 studies showed statistically significant declines in spirometry measures of lung function (mostly short-term studies). Two studies using complex lung function tests showed a significant effect on peripheral airway function.

Discussion

This review found a convincing body of evidence that occupational exposure to wildfires or prescribed burns has both acute and possibly longer-term respiratory effects among WFFs and some other emergency personnel. Given that these events are increasing, more needs to be done to identify those most at risk and mitigate these risks.
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职业暴露于野火烟雾对呼吸功能、症状、措施和疾病影响的系统回顾
背景野火烟雾中含有大量有害空气污染物,对人类健康构成严重威胁。尽管如此,人们对野火烟雾暴露对消防员和其他应急工作者的急性生理影响和长期呼吸系统影响的评估却关注有限。因此,我们对野火烟雾职业暴露对野火消防员(WFF)呼吸系统影响的证据进行了系统性综述。方法从 Medline、Embase 和 Scopus 数据库中筛选出符合条件的研究,如果这些研究描述了野火暴露与呼吸系统功能、症状、措施和疾病之间的关系,则纳入这些研究。26 篇研究中有 24 篇(23 篇中有 22 篇质量中等/较高)提供了对呼吸系统产生不良影响的证据,包括与野火或规定的烧伤暴露有关的肺功能降低、气道功能障碍和气道炎症增加、上呼吸道和下呼吸道症状以及哮喘发病率增加。在 19 项研究中,有 14 项研究显示肺功能的肺活量测量结果出现了统计学意义上的显著下降(大部分为短期研究)。本综述发现了大量令人信服的证据,表明职业暴露于野火或规定的焚烧会对森林消防员和其他一些应急人员的呼吸系统造成急性和可能的长期影响。鉴于这些事件日益增多,需要做更多的工作来识别风险最大的人群并降低这些风险。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
5.00%
发文量
151
审稿时长
22 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health serves as a multidisciplinary forum for original reports on exposure assessment and the reactions to and consequences of human exposure to the biological, chemical, and physical environment. Research reports, short communications, reviews, scientific comments, technical notes, and editorials will be peer-reviewed before acceptance for publication. Priority will be given to articles on epidemiological aspects of environmental toxicology, health risk assessments, susceptible (sub) populations, sanitation and clean water, human biomonitoring, environmental medicine, and public health aspects of exposure-related outcomes.
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