Trends in Hospitalisations for Vaccine Preventable Respiratory Infections Following Emergency Department Presentations in New South Wales, Australia, 2012–2022

IF 4.3 4区医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI:10.1111/irv.70015

Fariha Binte Hossain, David Muscatello, Sanjay Jayasinghe, Bette Liu

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Abstract

Background

Vaccine-preventable respiratory infections impact on healthcare systems globally. Despite availability of vaccines, fluctuations in vaccination rates, pathogen virulence and community transmission dynamics mean that these respiratory infections continue to pose substantial public health risks. To understand trends in vaccine-preventable respiratory infections, we analysed linked data from emergency department (ED), hospitalisations and deaths in New South Wales, Australia, from 2012 to 2022.

Methods

ED presentations with respiratory infection like illness were linked to hospitalisation and death records. Age-standardised rates of ED presentations, proportions subsequently hospitalised for acute respiratory infection (ARI) and specific vaccine-preventable disease diagnoses and 28-day mortality rates were estimated by year and age.

Results

From 2012 to 2022, there were 3,127,090 ARI-like ED presentations. Age-standardised rates increased until 2020, declined in 2021 and rebounded in 2022. Across all years, of these ARI-like ED presentations, 16.6% were hospitalised for acute respiratory infections, including pneumonia (7.9%), influenza (1.1%), RSV disease (1.3%), COVID-19 (0.8%) and pneumococcal disease (0.3%). Proportions hospitalised were highest in those aged 65+ years, except for RSV, which was highest in children aged 0–4 years. The highest 28-day mortality post-ARI-like ED presentation was observed with COVID-19 in adults aged 65+ years at 13.1%.

Conclusions

This study highlights the continuing burden of vaccine-preventable respiratory infections on an Australian healthcare system. These data can be used to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programmes and other public health interventions. Future efforts should focus on enhancing surveillance and data linkage to improve precision and guide targeted public health strategies.

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2012-2022 年澳大利亚新南威尔士州因疫苗可预防的呼吸道感染在急诊科就诊后住院的趋势

背景疫苗可预防的呼吸道感染对全球医疗保健系统造成了影响。尽管有疫苗可用，但疫苗接种率、病原体毒力和社区传播动态的波动意味着这些呼吸道感染继续构成巨大的公共卫生风险。为了了解疫苗可预防呼吸道感染的趋势，我们分析了澳大利亚新南威尔士州 2012 年至 2022 年期间急诊科（ED）、住院和死亡的关联数据。方法将急诊室接诊的呼吸道感染病例与住院和死亡记录联系起来。按年份和年龄估算了急诊室发病的年龄标准化比率、随后因急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 和特定疫苗可预防疾病诊断而住院的比例以及 28 天的死亡率。结果从 2012 年到 2022 年，共有 3,127,090 例类似急性呼吸道感染的急诊就诊。年龄标准化发病率在 2020 年前有所上升，2021 年有所下降，2022 年有所回升。在这些类似急性呼吸道感染的急诊室就诊者中，有 16.6% 因急性呼吸道感染而住院，包括肺炎（7.9%）、流感（1.1%）、RSV 疾病（1.3%）、COVID-19（0.8%）和肺炎球菌疾病（0.3%）。65 岁以上人群的住院比例最高，但 RSV 除外，0-4 岁儿童的住院比例最高。COVID-19在类似ARI的急诊室就诊后28天的死亡率最高，65岁以上的成年人为13.1%。结论本研究强调了疫苗可预防的呼吸道感染对澳大利亚医疗保健系统造成的持续负担。这些数据可用于监测疫苗接种计划和其他公共卫生干预措施的效果。今后的工作重点应放在加强监测和数据链接上，以提高精确度并指导有针对性的公共卫生策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

4.50%

发文量

120

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is the official journal of the International Society of Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases - an independent scientific professional society - dedicated to promoting the prevention, detection, treatment, and control of influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is an Open Access journal. Copyright on any research article published by Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses is retained by the author(s). Authors grant Wiley a license to publish the article and identify itself as the original publisher. Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.