Simulation of high efficiency hybrid FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/RGO based solar cell using SCAPS-1D

Abstract

A hybrid structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂)/methylammonium tin triiodide (CH₃NH₃SnI₃)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based solar cell has been designed and simulated using SCAPS-1D simulation tool. The three layers of the solar cell have been organized like TiO₂ acting as an electron transporting layer (ETL), CH₃NH₃SnI₃ serving as the photon absorption layer, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) acting as the hole transporting layer (HTL). The thickness of the ETL and HTL layers are maintained at 300 nm each. The absorption layer thickness has been optimized and kept at 450 nm to get enhanced efficiency. The experimental absorption data from the referred articles of the materials are incorporated with the simulation to obtain convincing result. Simulated device parameters, such as efficiency, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor have been found to be 19.30 %, 1.070 V, 41.66 mA/cm², and 43.27 %, respectively at 300 K temperature. Moreover, a study of the absorption layer defect density (10⁹–10¹⁷ cm⁻²) has also been conducted for the device, revealing an almost inverse proportionality with the efficiency of the device. In addition, the device FTO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃SnI₃/RGO has been examined with the various temperature range from 270 K to 400 K. The device, with a high offset band structure and high mobility ETL and HTL layers, shows promising candidate for solar cell applications.