Optik最新文献 - Book学术

Performance evaluation of multi band disk-shaped terahertz MIMO antenna with hexagon slots on ground for future 6 G and terahertz communication system 面向未来6 G和太赫兹通信系统的地面多频带盘形六边形槽MIMO天线性能评估

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172671

P. Sushma Chowdary , V.Vijayasri Bolisetty , U. Yedukondalu , Bokkisam Venkata Sai Sailaja

In this paper, a four-port wideband MIMO antenna is developed for future 6 G wireless communication systems. The proposed disk-shaped antenna consists of four identical disk-shaped elements arranged uniformly around a circular structure. This uniform arrangement helps maintain geometric balance and minimizes mutual coupling. All the disk patterns are arranged equidistantly around the centrally etched flower-like structure, which ensures the symmetrical geometry of the proposed antenna. These slots are helpful in generating a super-wide bandwidth ranging from 1.81 THz to 4.1513 THz. To further enhance the efficiency of the antenna, hexagonal slots are etched on the ground plane. The hexagonally etched slots on the ground reduce signal reflection losses. The overall dimensions of the four-port MIMO antenna are 800 × 800 × 50 µm³ , and it is designed on a silicon substrate with a relative permittivity of 11.9. The proposed antenna achieves a super-wide bandwidth ranging from 0.926 THz to 5.5411 THz and a peak gain of 7 dB. MIMO performance parameters such as diversity gain, Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), and Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) are evaluated, and all lie within acceptable ranges. The disk-shaped antenna demonstrates super-wideband characteristics, high resolution, and a low reflection coefficient. The disk-shaped antenna operates at 1.8175 THz, 2.5911 THz, 3.286 THz, and 4.1513 THz, with reflection coefficients of −28.02 dB, −35.723 dB, −37.11 dB, and −32.35 dB, respectively. Considering to its compact size, wide bandwidth, and stable radiation characteristics, the proposed disk-shaped antenna is well suited for high-speed THz communication and beyond-6G wireless applications.

本文为未来的6 G无线通信系统开发了一种四端口宽带MIMO天线。所提出的圆盘形天线由四个相同的圆盘形元件组成，这些元件均匀地排列在圆形结构周围。这种统一的安排有助于保持几何平衡，并最大限度地减少相互耦合。所有的圆盘图案都等距地排列在中央蚀刻的花状结构周围，这确保了拟议天线的对称几何形状。这些插槽有助于产生从1.81 太赫兹到4.1513 太赫兹的超宽带宽。为了进一步提高天线的效率，在接地面上蚀刻六角形槽。地面上的六角形蚀刻槽减少了信号反射损失。四端口MIMO天线的外形尺寸为800 × 800 × 50 µm³ ，设计在相对介电常数为11.9的硅衬底上。该天线实现了0.926 ~ 5.5411 太赫兹的超宽带宽，峰值增益为7 dB。MIMO性能参数如分集增益、总主动反射系数（TARC）、包络相关系数（ECC）和信道容量损耗（CCL）均在可接受范围内。圆盘形天线具有超宽带特性、高分辨率和低反射系数。圆盘状天线工作在1.8175 THz、2.5911 THz、3.286 THz和4.1513 THz，反射系数分别为- 28.02 dB、- 35.723 dB、- 37.11 dB和- 32.35 dB。该圆盘形天线具有体积小、带宽宽、辐射特性稳定等特点，非常适合高速太赫兹通信和超6g无线应用。

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引用次数: 0

Flat band fine-tuning in photonic crystals via unsupervised shape artificial intelligence 基于无监督形状人工智能的光子晶体平带微调

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172669

J.G. Cardona , H.A. Gómez-Urrea , M.E. Mora-Ramos , F.J. Caro-Lopera

This work introduces the so-called shape artificial intelligence as an unsupervised artificial intelligence (AI) methodology for the automated design of photonic crystals (PCs) with optimized flat bands. We apply this method to a 2D square lattice PC with rotating dielectric rods, demonstrating its ability to identify geometric configurations that maximize band flatness across the Brillouin zone. These flat bands are almost unaffected when propagating past large dielectric obstacles. This suggests the potential for identifying topological properties. The results highlight the power of the RD method as a generalizable tool for advanced photonic engineering, with applications in high-density integrated circuits, nonlinear optics, and sensing.

这项工作介绍了所谓的形状人工智能，作为一种无监督人工智能（AI）方法，用于优化平坦带的光子晶体（pc）的自动设计。我们将这种方法应用于具有旋转介质棒的二维方形晶格PC，证明了它能够识别最大限度地提高布里渊带平坦度的几何配置。当传播过大型介电障碍时，这些平坦带几乎不受影响。这表明了识别拓扑特性的潜力。结果突出了RD方法作为先进光子工程的通用工具，在高密度集成电路，非线性光学和传感方面的应用的力量。

引用次数: 0

Dual-parameter tunable high-Q optical response in 1D photonic crystals with Kerr-nonlinear graphene and polymer defect layers 具有克尔非线性石墨烯和聚合物缺陷层的一维光子晶体的双参数可调谐高q光响应

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172670

Oumayma Habli , Jihene Zaghdoudi , Mounir Kanzari

This work numerically investigates the optical response of a one-dimensional photonic crystal incorporating a nonlinear defect layer based on either a polymer or graphene. Using the transfer matrix method, the influence of Kerr nonlinearity on the defect-mode transmission is analyzed under linear and nonlinear regimes. The results show that graphene exhibits a significantly stronger nonlinear response than the polymer defect layer, leading to enhanced wavelength tunability and higher spectral selectivity. A key contribution of this study is the demonstration of a dual-parameter tuning mechanism that combines input optical intensity and angle of incidence, enabling dynamic compensation between intensity-induced redshift and angle-induced blueshift of the defect mode. This dual control provides improved flexibility compared to conventional single-parameter approaches. The proposed graphene-based structure offers promising potential for tunable photonic devices such as optical filters, all-optical switches, sensors, and optical limiters.

本文研究了基于聚合物或石墨烯的非线性缺陷层的一维光子晶体的光学响应。利用传递矩阵法，分析了克尔非线性在线性和非线性条件下对缺陷模传输的影响。结果表明，石墨烯表现出比聚合物缺陷层更强的非线性响应，从而增强了波长可调性和更高的光谱选择性。本研究的一个关键贡献是展示了一种双参数调谐机制，该机制结合了输入光强度和入射角，实现了缺陷模式的强度诱导红移和角度诱导蓝移之间的动态补偿。与传统的单参数方法相比，这种双重控制提供了更高的灵活性。所提出的基于石墨烯的结构为光学滤波器、全光开关、传感器和光学限制器等可调谐光子器件提供了广阔的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics in degenerate frequency up-conversion process 简并频率上转换过程中的反聚束和亚泊松光子统计

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172668

Rupesh Singh , Dilip Kumar Giri

The work is devoted to the antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics in the degenerate frequency up-conversion (FUC) process using a short-time approximation in the Heisenberg picture. We analyse how pump photon numbers, interaction times, and coupling strengths affect nonclassicality, distinguishing between first- and second-order Hamiltonian interactions. Results show that first-order interactions lead to stronger nonclassical effects, though only second-order interactions enable antibunching in the harmonic mode due to higher-order pump contributions. Photon antibunching intensity increases with pump strength and shorter interaction times. In the first-order coupling interactions, the harmonic mode does not exhibit antibunching because a coherent or vacuum pump induces photon clustering. However, second-order interactions, where higher powers of the pump field contribute significantly, facilitate antibunching in the harmonic mode. Third-order antibunching exhibits the strongest nonclassical behaviour within the observed effects, followed by second- and first-order antibunching. It is more apparent that increased pump intensity and reduced interaction time both strengthen antibunching and sub-Poissonian photon statistics. While the pump mode exhibits clear antibunching, the harmonic mode displays milder nonclassicality. These results reveal the higher-order transitions of antibunching as an inherent quantum feature of light, valuable for quantum communication and single-photon sources with a probabilistic destination.

利用海森堡图像中的短时近似，研究了简并频率上转换（FUC）过程中的反聚束和亚泊松光子统计。我们分析了泵浦光子数、相互作用时间和耦合强度如何影响非经典性，区分了一阶和二阶哈密顿相互作用。结果表明，一阶相互作用导致更强的非经典效应，但由于高阶泵浦的贡献，只有二阶相互作用才能在谐波模式下实现反聚束。光子反聚束强度随泵浦强度和相互作用时间的缩短而增加。在一阶耦合相互作用中，谐波模式不表现出反聚束，因为相干或真空泵诱导光子聚簇。然而，二阶相互作用，其中高功率的泵浦场贡献显著，促进反聚束在谐波模式。在观察到的效应中，三阶反束表现出最强的非经典行为，其次是二阶和一阶反束。更明显的是，增加泵浦强度和减少相互作用时间都增强了反聚束和亚泊松光子统计。而泵浦模式表现出明显的反聚束，谐波模式表现出较温和的非经典性。这些结果揭示了反聚束的高阶跃迁作为光的固有量子特征，对量子通信和具有概率目的地的单光子源有价值。

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引用次数: 0

Variable refractive index waveguides for mid-infrared sensing 用于中红外传感的可变折射率波导

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172662

Beibei Kong , Maren Anna Brandsrud , Pranish Karki , Boris Mizaikoff , Achim Kohler

Evanescent fields in attenuated total reflection (ATR) spectroscopy have enabled molecular analysis in the mid-infrared (MIR) region for decades. Recently, thin-film single-mode waveguides have been introduced, significantly improving sample interactions through evanescent fields along their surfaces. However, their implementation demands precise coupling of an infrared laser beam into a sub-wavelength-thick layer, posing design challenges. Here, we introduce gradient refractive index waveguides that achieve robust coupling, substantially enhanced evanescent fields and absorption efficiency, surpassing the performance of conventional single-mode waveguides. Using in-house Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations validated against commercial software, we demonstrate that these waveguides enhance sample interactions by an order of magnitude. Moreover, their increased robustness simplifies optical system design and broadens their applicability across a wide wavelength range, making them compatible with broadband tunable lasers, LEDs (light-emitting diodes), and they have the potential to accommodate less collimated light sources, such as thermal light sources. This novel waveguide platform promises to advance mid-infrared ATR sensor technologies, particularly in lab-on-a-chip systems and compact devices targeting biomedical and environmental applications.

衰减全反射（ATR）光谱中的倏逝场已经使中红外（MIR）区域的分子分析成为可能。最近，薄膜单模波导已经被引入，通过沿其表面的倏逝场显著改善了样品的相互作用。然而，它们的实现需要将红外激光束精确耦合到亚波长厚的层中，这给设计带来了挑战。在这里，我们引入了梯度折射率波导，实现了鲁棒耦合，大大增强了倏逝场和吸收效率，超越了传统单模波导的性能。利用内部有限差分时域（FDTD）仿真验证了商业软件，我们证明了这些波导提高了一个数量级的样品相互作用。此外，它们增强的稳健性简化了光学系统的设计，拓宽了它们在宽波长范围内的适用性，使它们与宽带可调谐激光器、led（发光二极管）兼容，并且它们有可能适应较少准直的光源，如热光源。这种新型波导平台有望推进中红外ATR传感器技术，特别是在针对生物医学和环境应用的芯片实验室系统和紧凑型设备中。

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引用次数: 0

Developed a new activation function for machine learning using wavelet function for Fiber Bragg Grating sensor 利用小波函数为光纤光栅传感器开发了一种新的机器学习激活函数

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172667

Sunil Kumar , Ugra Mohan , Somnath Sengupta , Yogesh K.M.

The advanced wavelet-based activation function for machine-learning applications in Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors presented in this manuscript has been developed to enhance peak-detection performance. The traditional activation function is replaced with a new activation function derived from an efficient wavelet formulation. The proposed activation function demonstrates improved response characteristics, enabling more accurate peak detection when applied to machine-learning models. A deep feedforward neural network is used to develop the machine-learning training model, which is effective for this application. The goal of the proposed technique is to reduce the dependency on the optical spectrum analyser (OSA) for measuring peak wavelengths, strain, and temperature. The wavelet-based activation function is constructed as a combination of the Gaussian wavelet function and ReLU. The developed activation function for machine-learning applications exhibits high accuracy. The proposed peak-detection technique is also verified experimentally, showing good accuracy. The mean-square error is as low as 0.0012 pm for FBG-1 and 0.0015 pm for FBG-2, with the peak-area entropy measured at approximately 1 for both FBGs.

本文中提出的用于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器中机器学习应用的先进的基于小波的激活函数已经开发出来，以提高峰值检测性能。传统的激活函数被一种新的激活函数所取代，该激活函数是由一种有效的小波公式推导出来的。提出的激活函数展示了改进的响应特性，当应用于机器学习模型时，可以更准确地检测峰值。采用深度前馈神经网络建立机器学习训练模型，有效地解决了这一问题。该技术的目标是减少对光谱分析仪（OSA）测量峰值波长、应变和温度的依赖。基于小波的激活函数由高斯小波函数和ReLU组合而成。开发的用于机器学习应用的激活函数具有很高的准确性。实验结果表明，所提出的峰值检测技术具有良好的准确性。FBG-1的均方误差低至0.0012 pm， FBG-2的均方误差低至0.0015 pm，两种fbg的峰面积熵测量值约为1。

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引用次数: 0

Multi-image encryption based on DCT coefficients and random vortex lattice 基于DCT系数和随机涡格的多图像加密

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172666

Rahul Kumar , Sonu Kumar Rao , Naveen K. Nishchal , Ayman Alfalou

The secure transmission and storage of information have become increasingly critical in this technological era. While traditional image encryption techniques, such as double random phase encoding and its variants, offer robust security for single or paired images, they face significant challenges when applied to large-scale, multi-image scenarios. The challenges include high storage and computational complexity, inefficient processing, and difficult key management. To address these limitations, this study proposes an efficient and scalable method for multi-image encryption. The approach begins by applying the discrete cosine transform to each image, followed by cropping the transformed data. The cropped images are then assembled into a composite image of the original input size to prevent spectral overlap. Additional security is achieved through the application of the Arnold transform and the use of a random array-structured phase mask, generated by the random topological charges of a vortex lattice. The proposed method significantly reduces the storage and computational overhead, simplifies key management, and maintains high encryption quality. Numerical simulations demonstrate its effectiveness, robustness against various attacks, and suitability for securing multiple images.

在这个技术时代，信息的安全传输和存储变得越来越重要。虽然传统的图像加密技术，如双随机相位编码及其变体，为单个或成对图像提供了强大的安全性，但它们在应用于大规模、多图像场景时面临着重大挑战。挑战包括高存储和计算复杂性、低效的处理和困难的密钥管理。为了解决这些限制，本研究提出了一种高效且可扩展的多图像加密方法。该方法首先对每个图像应用离散余弦变换，然后裁剪变换后的数据。然后将裁剪后的图像组装成原始输入大小的合成图像，以防止光谱重叠。额外的安全性是通过应用阿诺德变换和使用随机阵列结构的相位掩模来实现的，该掩模是由涡流晶格的随机拓扑电荷产生的。该方法显著降低了存储和计算开销，简化了密钥管理，并保持了较高的加密质量。数值仿真结果表明，该算法对各种攻击具有较强的鲁棒性，适合于多图像的安全保护。

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引用次数: 0

Image deconvolution using adapted cauchy method 采用自适应柯西方法进行图像反卷积

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172665

Zohair Al-Ameen

Generating clearer artifact-suppressed images is vital in various real-world scenarios, where hardware and software limitations often introduce blur. Image deconvolution (ID) aims to reverse this degradation, where prevailing methods vary in intricacy and frequently struggle to maintain stability and acuity across iterations. Driven by the need for non-complex and expeditious solutions, this study explores the use of the classical Cauchy method for ID, a method that, to the best of my knowledge, has not been previously investigated. Accordingly, two contributions are proposed based on this principle. First, the classical Cauchy method (CCM) is modified by embedding the blurring kernel into the iterative update structure, allowing CCM to work as an ID method. Second, an adapted Cauchy method (ACM) is introduced based on CCM. ACM further improves stability and suppresses artifacts better by utilizing a gradient reblurring formulation and an optimized step length rule. ACM is implemented and tested with images of real-life scenes, compared with six existing algorithms, and evaluated using four measures. Experimental results demonstrated that ACM showed a strong ability to restore diverse images while suppressing artifacts, surpassing existing methods in this field. This study showed that a non-complex method can achieve competitive and distinguished results, making it a valuable tool for image deconvolution. The related source codes are available at: https://github.com/qi-zohair/ACM.

在各种现实场景中，生成更清晰的伪影抑制图像是至关重要的，硬件和软件的限制通常会导致模糊。图像反卷积（ID）旨在扭转这种退化，其中流行的方法在复杂性上各不相同，并且经常难以在迭代中保持稳定性和敏锐性。由于需要非复杂和快速的解决方案，本研究探索了经典柯西方法在ID中的使用，据我所知，这是一种以前没有研究过的方法。因此，根据这一原则提出了两项建议。首先，对经典柯西方法（CCM）进行改进，将模糊核嵌入到迭代更新结构中，使CCM可以作为ID方法使用。其次，介绍了一种基于CCM的自适应柯西方法（ACM）。ACM进一步提高了稳定性，并通过利用梯度重模糊公式和优化的步长规则更好地抑制伪影。ACM使用真实场景的图像进行了实现和测试，与六种现有算法进行了比较，并使用四种度量进行了评估。实验结果表明，ACM在抑制伪影的同时表现出较强的复原多种图像的能力，超越了该领域现有的方法。该研究表明，一种不复杂的方法可以获得具有竞争性和显著性的结果，使其成为一种有价值的图像反卷积工具。相关源代码可从https://github.com/qi-zohair/ACM获得。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication approaches for THz metasurfaces: A comprehensive review 太赫兹元表面的制备方法综述

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172664

Meraline Selvaraj, Sreeja B S

Over the past decade, metamaterials have emerged as a revolutionary class of engineered materials, capturing significant attention across diverse scientific domains. Metasurfaces, composed of two-dimensional arrays of engineered meta-atoms, offer precise control over electromagnetic wave amplitude, phase, and polarization at subwavelength scales. This capability makes them an ideal platform for the design of ultra-compact, high-performance components in the THz regime. A critical challenge in transitioning these innovations to practical applications lies in the scalable fabrication of large-area, uniform, and high-resolution micro/nanostructures compatible with THz operation. This review explores the current state-of-the-art fabrication techniques for THz metasurfaces, including lithography, two-photon polymerization, 3D printing, and other advanced fabrication techniques. Each technique’s applicability, advantages, and limitations in achieving structural precision and optimal performance are highlighted. Additionally, challenges in the THz metasurface fabrication are addressed, along with potential solutions to guide future advancements in high-performance THz devices.

在过去的十年里，超材料已经成为一种革命性的工程材料，在不同的科学领域引起了极大的关注。由工程元原子的二维阵列组成的超表面可以精确控制电磁波的振幅、相位和亚波长尺度的极化。这种能力使它们成为设计超紧凑、高性能太赫兹波段组件的理想平台。将这些创新转化为实际应用的一个关键挑战在于，如何可扩展地制造与太赫兹操作兼容的大面积、均匀和高分辨率微/纳米结构。这篇综述探讨了目前最先进的太赫兹超表面的制造技术，包括光刻、双光子聚合、3D打印和其他先进的制造技术。强调了每种技术在实现结构精度和最佳性能方面的适用性、优点和局限性。此外，还解决了太赫兹超表面制造中的挑战，以及指导高性能太赫兹器件未来发展的潜在解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

MAPbBr3-2D material based on ultrahigh efficiency urine glucose detection SPR sensor 基于MAPbBr3-2D材料的超高效尿糖检测SPR传感器

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理 Q2 Engineering

Optik

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172655

Alagu Vibisha G , Senthilkumar V , Priyadharsini N , Habibur Rahman S.M. , Jaroszewic Z , Rajesh K.B.

This study presents a high-performance surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor employing a novel hybrid Kretschmann configuration for non-invasive urine glucose monitoring in diabetes management. The sensor integrates a CaF₂ prism, an optimized Cu-Ni bimetallic layer, a MAPbBr₃ perovskite sensitivity-enhancer, and a 2D nanomaterial interface to facilitate biomolecular interactions. Comprehensive numerical modeling via the transfer matrix method demonstrates exceptional performance, revealing a progressive angular sensitivity increase (330–615.1°/RIU) across clinically relevant glucose concentrations (0.625–10gdL^-¹). Achieved figures of merit (151.6–186.9RIU^-¹) confirm the platform's analytical precision. Featuring cost-effective fabrication potential, remarkable stability, and superior sensitivity, this SPR biosensor offers significant promise for developing practical non-invasive diabetes monitoring solutions.

本研究提出了一种高性能表面等离子体共振（SPR）生物传感器，采用一种新型的混合Kretschmann配置，用于糖尿病管理中的无创尿糖监测。该传感器集成了一个CaF2棱镜、一个优化的Cu-Ni双金属层、一个MAPbBr3钙钛矿灵敏度增强剂和一个二维纳米材料界面，以促进生物分子相互作用。通过传递矩阵方法进行的综合数值模拟显示了卓越的性能，揭示了在临床相关葡萄糖浓度（0.625-10gdL -¹）下，角敏感性逐渐增加（330-615.1°/RIU）。获得的优异值（151.6-186.9RIU -¹）证实了平台的分析精度。具有成本效益的制造潜力，卓越的稳定性和卓越的灵敏度，这种SPR生物传感器为开发实用的非侵入性糖尿病监测解决方案提供了重要的希望。

引用次数: 0