Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172112
Mohammed H. Ali , Hamdy M. Ahmed , Assmaa Abd-Elmonem , Nagat A.A. Suoliman , Karim K. Ahmed , Islam Samir
We use the generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation in this research work to study the localised wave propagation in a dual-power law medium that shows perturbations’ effects such as in inter-modal dispersion, shift in the self-frequency, and self-steepening. The modified extended mapping method (MEMM) is used to perform the study. Exact solutions and additional types of solitons are obtained. These solutions include Weierstrass elliptic solutions, singular periodic solutions, and {bright, dark, and singular} solitons. The retrieved solutions show how robust and efficient the current approach is. The physical attributes of the established solutions are illustrated by the visual representation of several selected solutions.
{"title":"Optical solitons for generalised perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger model in the presence of dual-power law nonlinear medium","authors":"Mohammed H. Ali , Hamdy M. Ahmed , Assmaa Abd-Elmonem , Nagat A.A. Suoliman , Karim K. Ahmed , Islam Samir","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We use the generalised nonlinear Schrödinger equation in this research work to study the localised wave propagation in a dual-power law medium that shows perturbations’ effects such as in inter-modal dispersion, shift in the self-frequency, and self-steepening. The modified extended mapping method (MEMM) is used to perform the study. Exact solutions and additional types of solitons are obtained. These solutions include Weierstrass elliptic solutions, singular periodic solutions, and {bright, dark, and singular} solitons. The retrieved solutions show how robust and efficient the current approach is. The physical attributes of the established solutions are illustrated by the visual representation of several selected solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172102
Muhammed J. Al-Muhammed, Ahmad Al-Daraiseh
To ensure secure network transmission of multimedia content, it is crucial to protect it from unauthorized access. Encryption techniques are de facto protection techniques against hacking attempts. Different methods, including mathematical encoding, neural networks, DNA encoding, and chaos-based techniques, have been developed for this purpose. However, these methods often overlook the impact of input variations, which can enhance encryption robustness by amplifying confusion. We propose an encryption technique that demonstrates how effectively leveraging input variations can enhance the complexity and security of encrypted information. We designed an oscillated substitution technique, a multi-state method that adjusts the substitution pattern based on changes in the key or input. Additionally, chaotic methods are employed to generate noise codes for bit mutation and chaining-based permutation. Experimental results indicate that our technique significantly improves security indicators and outperforms recent encryption methods.
{"title":"Robust image encryption algorithm based on oscillated substitution and effective confusion module with novel chaining permutation and pixel mutation","authors":"Muhammed J. Al-Muhammed, Ahmad Al-Daraiseh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure secure network transmission of multimedia content, it is crucial to protect it from unauthorized access. Encryption techniques are de facto protection techniques against hacking attempts. Different methods, including mathematical encoding, neural networks, DNA encoding, and chaos-based techniques, have been developed for this purpose. However, these methods often overlook the impact of input variations, which can enhance encryption robustness by amplifying confusion. We propose an encryption technique that demonstrates how effectively leveraging input variations can enhance the complexity and security of encrypted information. We designed an oscillated substitution technique, a multi-state method that adjusts the substitution pattern based on changes in the key or input. Additionally, chaotic methods are employed to generate noise codes for bit mutation and chaining-based permutation. Experimental results indicate that our technique significantly improves security indicators and outperforms recent encryption methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172109
A. Lubk , R. Kyrychenko , D. Wolf , M. Wegner , M. Herzog , M. Winter , O. Zaiets , P. Vir , J. Schultz , C. Felser , B. Büchner
The so-called Transport of Intensity Equation (TIE) phase retrieval technique is widely applied in light, X-ray and electron optics to reconstruct, e.g., refractive indices, electric and magnetic fields in solids. Here, we present a largely improved TIE reconstruction algorithm, which properly considers intensity variations as well as unknown boundary conditions in a finite difference implementation of the Transport of Intensity partial differential equation. That largely removes reconstruction artifacts encountered in state-of-the-art Poisson solvers of the TIE, and hence significantly increases the applicability of the technique.
所谓的强度传输方程（TIE）相位检索技术被广泛应用于光、X 射线和电子光学领域，用于重建固体中的折射率、电场和磁场等。在这里，我们提出了一种经过很大程度改进的 TIE 重建算法，它在强度传输偏微分方程的有限差分实现中适当考虑了强度变化和未知边界条件。这在很大程度上消除了最先进的 TIE 泊松求解器中遇到的重建伪影，从而大大提高了该技术的适用性。
{"title":"Transport of intensity phase retrieval in the presence of intensity variations and unknown boundary conditions","authors":"A. Lubk , R. Kyrychenko , D. Wolf , M. Wegner , M. Herzog , M. Winter , O. Zaiets , P. Vir , J. Schultz , C. Felser , B. Büchner","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The so-called Transport of Intensity Equation (TIE) phase retrieval technique is widely applied in light, X-ray and electron optics to reconstruct, e.g., refractive indices, electric and magnetic fields in solids. Here, we present a largely improved TIE reconstruction algorithm, which properly considers intensity variations as well as unknown boundary conditions in a finite difference implementation of the Transport of Intensity partial differential equation. That largely removes reconstruction artifacts encountered in state-of-the-art Poisson solvers of the TIE, and hence significantly increases the applicability of the technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, pure Indium oxide (In2O3 100 %) and its composite films Indium gallium oxide (IGO 50 %:50 %), and Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO 33 %:33 %:34 %) are deposited on glass substrate by Sol-gel dip coating method. Indium oxide and its composites have a high degree of crystallization, as evident by the strong diffraction peaks. The SEM images depict distinctly diverse morphologies of nanostructures varied in size from 22.2 nm to 138 nm. The wider band gap (Eg) engineering (reported (Eg≈ 3.62 eV)–In2O3, (Eg ≈ 3.83 eV)–IGO, (Eg≈3.74 eV) –IGZO) and heterostructure formation is also advantageous for novel In2O3 applications in advanced (transparent) devices and sensors. Complex impedance analysis provides insights into the grains and grain boundaries of In2O3 and its composite films (IGO, IGZO). The VSM measurements confirms that IGZO has a higher saturation magnetization value of 13.33 emu/cm3 and a lower coercivity value of 429.54 Oe as compared to In2O3 and IGO highlighting their magnetic properties suitable for spintronic and high-frequency device applications.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of InGaZnO nanocomposites: An insight of optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties","authors":"Zainab Bashir , Zohra Nazir Kayani , Salma Waseem , Saira Riaz , Shahzad Naseem","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, pure Indium oxide (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 100 %) and its composite films Indium gallium oxide (IGO 50 %:50 %), and Indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO 33 %:33 %:34 %) are deposited on glass substrate by Sol-gel dip coating method. Indium oxide and its composites have a high degree of crystallization, as evident by the strong diffraction peaks. The SEM images depict distinctly diverse morphologies of nanostructures varied in size from 22.2 nm to 138 nm. The wider band gap (Eg) engineering (reported (Eg≈ 3.62 eV)–In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, (Eg ≈ 3.83 eV)–IGO, (Eg≈3.74 eV) –IGZO) and heterostructure formation is also advantageous for novel In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> applications in advanced (transparent) devices and sensors. Complex impedance analysis provides insights into the grains and grain boundaries of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and its composite films (IGO, IGZO). The VSM measurements confirms that IGZO has a higher saturation magnetization value of 13.33 emu/cm<sup>3</sup> and a lower coercivity value of 429.54 Oe as compared to In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and IGO highlighting their magnetic properties suitable for spintronic and high-frequency device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172094"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172113
Ben Chu Van , Trong Dang Van , Lan Phan Thi , Lanh Chu Van
This work presents a numerical model of a photonic crystal fiber made up of chalcogenide glass for highly coherent supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared spectral region. Numerical simulations based on the finite element method have been performed. An optical dispersion engineering technique has been adopted to minimize the dispersion effect at pump wavelength by alteration of geometrical parameters of designed fiber. We have selected two optimal structures from the simulation results to analyze the nonlinear characteristics and supercontinuum generation. The first fiber, #F1 with a lattice constant of 1.0 μm and a filling factor of 0.3 operates in all-normal dispersion, providing the spectrum SC in the range of 2.4 μm to 8.0 μm with a pump wavelength of 5.0 µm, pulse duration of 90 fs, and peak power of 6 kW. Meanwhile, fiber #F2 has anomalous dispersion regimes. With a peak power of 2 kW, this fiber produces a wide SCG with spectral ranges of 4.4–16 μm. The proposed structures are promising for applications in low-peak power all-fiber optical systems.
{"title":"Ultra-broadband mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in square lattice As2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers","authors":"Ben Chu Van , Trong Dang Van , Lan Phan Thi , Lanh Chu Van","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a numerical model of a photonic crystal fiber made up of chalcogenide glass for highly coherent supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared spectral region. Numerical simulations based on the finite element method have been performed. An optical dispersion engineering technique has been adopted to minimize the dispersion effect at pump wavelength by alteration of geometrical parameters of designed fiber. We have selected two optimal structures from the simulation results to analyze the nonlinear characteristics and supercontinuum generation. The first fiber, #F<sub>1</sub> with a lattice constant of 1.0 μm and a filling factor of 0.3 operates in all-normal dispersion, providing the spectrum SC in the range of 2.4 μm to 8.0 μm with a pump wavelength of 5.0 µm, pulse duration of 90 fs, and peak power of 6 kW. Meanwhile, fiber #F<sub>2</sub> has anomalous dispersion regimes. With a peak power of 2 kW, this fiber produces a wide SCG with spectral ranges of 4.4–16 μm. The proposed structures are promising for applications in low-peak power all-fiber optical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172114
Ilya M. Pleshanov , Artemii A. Vasilchenko , Daniyar Sherimov , Lev E. Zelenkov , Dmitriy V. Marasanov
Through numerical modeling of the optical part of the developed position-sensitive fiber-optic spark sensor with a spectral radiation converter, it was demonstrated that the sensor’s angular resolution in the range of ±18° is 3°. The spectral characteristics of the fluorescent glass plate with silver molecular clusters, which was used as the radiation converter in both numerical modeling and the experimental prototype, were investigated. Based on the developed optical sensor design, an experimental prototype was assembled. Testing of the prototype showed that it is capable of etecting sparks at a distance of 1000 mm within an angular range of ± 18° with an angular resolution of 3°. The results obtained from modeling and prototype testing are consistent and can be utilized in the development of sensors and emergency systems.
{"title":"Modeling and implementation of a position-sensitive fiber optic spark sensor with spectral radiation converter","authors":"Ilya M. Pleshanov , Artemii A. Vasilchenko , Daniyar Sherimov , Lev E. Zelenkov , Dmitriy V. Marasanov","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through numerical modeling of the optical part of the developed position-sensitive fiber-optic spark sensor with a spectral radiation converter, it was demonstrated that the sensor’s angular resolution in the range of ±18° is 3°. The spectral characteristics of the fluorescent glass plate with silver molecular clusters, which was used as the radiation converter in both numerical modeling and the experimental prototype, were investigated. Based on the developed optical sensor design, an experimental prototype was assembled. Testing of the prototype showed that it is capable of etecting sparks at a distance of 1000 mm within an angular range of ± 18° with an angular resolution of 3°. The results obtained from modeling and prototype testing are consistent and can be utilized in the development of sensors and emergency systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this present research article, we have investigated analytically the characteristics of the fundamental mode of hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton (HSPPhPs) mode in a circular cylindrical three-layer graphene (CTLG) waveguide structure. The dispersion equation of HSPPhPs is derived by using Maxwell’s equations and continuity conditions of tangential components of electric and magnetic fields in cylindrical geometry. The dispersion curve has been illustrated and thoroughly examined in relation to the effects of temperature and chemical potential () of graphene, as well as variations in the thickness of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layers, and found that in the presence of hBN, the effective mode index exhibits hyperbolic behavior with wave number. Up to the first Reststrahlen band (∼830.57 cm⁻¹), it varies slightly with graphene temperature; increasing graphene's () lowers the index, while a thicker hBN layer reduces it, whereas the index increases with SiO₂ layer thickness. Also, we looked at how the CTLG waveguide structure is affected by the electric field distribution, phase speed, and propagation length.
{"title":"Modulation of hybrid plasmon phonon polaritons mode in circular cylindrical three-layer graphene waveguide","authors":"Ramnarayan , Ravindra Singh , Priyanka Yadav , Yogesh Sharma , Surendra Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this present research article, we have investigated analytically the characteristics of the fundamental mode of hybrid surface plasmon phonon polariton (HSPPhPs) mode in a circular cylindrical three-layer graphene (CTLG) waveguide structure. The dispersion equation of HSPPhPs is derived by using Maxwell’s equations and continuity conditions of tangential components of electric and magnetic fields in cylindrical geometry. The dispersion curve has been illustrated and thoroughly examined in relation to the effects of temperature and chemical potential (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) of graphene, as well as variations in the thickness of silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layers, and found that in the presence of hBN, the effective mode index exhibits hyperbolic behavior with wave number. Up to the first Reststrahlen band (∼830.57 cm⁻¹), it varies slightly with graphene temperature; increasing graphene's (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) lowers the index, while a thicker hBN layer reduces it, whereas the index increases with SiO₂ layer thickness. Also, we looked at how the CTLG waveguide structure is affected by the electric field distribution, phase speed, and propagation length.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172098
Jitendra Kumar Pradhan , Dheeraj Pratap
Radiative coolers, which dumps the excess heat to the cold outer space by releasing the thermal radiation through the atmospheric window, have offered an alternate and feasible solution to the conventional coolers that are fuelled on the electricity produced by either using renewal or non-renewal sources like fossil fuels. Particularly, daytime passive radiative coolers have paved the way for many energy free technology that are used in reducing the temperature of building tops, power plants, and water harvesting. In this, we propose a pattern free and large area scalable bi-layered thin film based daytime radiative cooler. The proposed design illustrates an average reflectivity of 98.5% for the solar spectrum, while showing average emittance of 91% within the atmospheric window (8-). The design consists of thin films of transparent dielectrics such as ZnS or BaF2 placed on top of a thick glass substrate, that is backed by a thin film of silver. We theoretically obtained a cooling power of 119 W m−2 with a temperature reduction of 9 °C below the ambient.
{"title":"Daytime radiative cooling using pattern free metal dielectric coating","authors":"Jitendra Kumar Pradhan , Dheeraj Pratap","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiative coolers, which dumps the excess heat to the cold outer space by releasing the thermal radiation through the atmospheric window, have offered an alternate and feasible solution to the conventional coolers that are fuelled on the electricity produced by either using renewal or non-renewal sources like fossil fuels. Particularly, daytime passive radiative coolers have paved the way for many energy free technology that are used in reducing the temperature of building tops, power plants, and water harvesting. In this, we propose a pattern free and large area scalable bi-layered thin film based daytime radiative cooler. The proposed design illustrates an average reflectivity of 98.5% for the solar spectrum, while showing average emittance of 91% within the atmospheric window (8-<span><math><mrow><mn>13</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span>). The design consists of thin films of transparent dielectrics such as ZnS or BaF<sub>2</sub> placed on top of a thick glass substrate, that is backed by a thin film of silver. We theoretically obtained a cooling power of 119 W m<sup>−2</sup> with a temperature reduction of 9 °C below the ambient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172098"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172111
Yinggang Liu, Xinyi Xu, Rui Zhou, Rui Li, Fei Li
In this paper, a temperature and strain sensor based on fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) cascaded with Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is designed and fabricated. The integrated sensor structure consists of no-core fiber (NCF) sandwiched by two sections of multi-mode fiber (MMF), hollow-core fiber (HCF), and two single-mode fibers (SMF) which are cascaded at the ends of the MMF and the HCF. Due to the thermal expansion effect, thermo-optic and elasto-optic effects of fiber material, the increase of the temperature and strain will make the change of the transmission mode, which will cause the spectral fringes wavelength shifting with strain, and the intensity of the spectral fringes varying with temperature but not strain variations in multiple temperature ranges. The series experiments valid show that the sensor with integrated structure realizes the strain and temperature measurements in multiple temperature ranges, and the minimum and maximum temperature sensitivities are − 0.278 dBm/°C and − 0.670 dBm/°C in the temperature range of 68–86 °C and 123–141 °C, respectively. The strain sensitivity is 2.17 pm/με all over the measured range. The integrated sensor structure has the advantages of high sensitivity, multiple measuring ranges, simple manufacturing, and low cost, which has the potential to be applied in the field of the internal strain and temperature measurements of different structures.
{"title":"Integrated all-fiber-optic sensor based on FPI and MZI composite structures for temperature and strain measurement","authors":"Yinggang Liu, Xinyi Xu, Rui Zhou, Rui Li, Fei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a temperature and strain sensor based on fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) cascaded with Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is designed and fabricated. The integrated sensor structure consists of no-core fiber (NCF) sandwiched by two sections of multi-mode fiber (MMF), hollow-core fiber (HCF), and two single-mode fibers (SMF) which are cascaded at the ends of the MMF and the HCF. Due to the thermal expansion effect, thermo-optic and elasto-optic effects of fiber material, the increase of the temperature and strain will make the change of the transmission mode, which will cause the spectral fringes wavelength shifting with strain, and the intensity of the spectral fringes varying with temperature but not strain variations in multiple temperature ranges. The series experiments valid show that the sensor with integrated structure realizes the strain and temperature measurements in multiple temperature ranges, and the minimum and maximum temperature sensitivities are − 0.278 dBm/°C and − 0.670 dBm/°C in the temperature range of 68–86 °C and 123–141 °C, respectively. The strain sensitivity is 2.17 pm/με all over the measured range. The integrated sensor structure has the advantages of high sensitivity, multiple measuring ranges, simple manufacturing, and low cost, which has the potential to be applied in the field of the internal strain and temperature measurements of different structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172111"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172107
Suman Sangiri , Alfredo Dubra , Vyas Akondi
The accuracy of centroiding algorithms in Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing is limited by the implicit approximation of uniform pixel illumination. Iterative centroiding algorithms are further limited by the consideration of full pixels to define the image domain for centroiding. Here, we demonstrate two practical and complementary approaches to mitigate both these sources of error. First, we consider partial or ‘fractional’ pixels to maintain centroiding area symmetry around the center of mass. Secondly, we propose methods to perform piece-wise polynomial interpolation to calculate intensity distribution within pixels, which is then used to estimate the centroid within each pixel area. This approach that accounts for intensity non-uniformity across pixels notably reduces centroid errors up to a factor of 5 across lenslet image widths ranging from 1.33 to 3.10 pixels full-width-half-maximum (FWHM). Consequently, wavefront sensing errors decrease from 14 % to 4 %, on average, for FWHM = 1.35 pixels, demonstrating a substantial benefit when the number of pixels per lenslet is minimized to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio or increase frame rate.
{"title":"Accounting for intensity variation within pixels of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors","authors":"Suman Sangiri , Alfredo Dubra , Vyas Akondi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2024.172107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accuracy of centroiding algorithms in Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing is limited by the implicit approximation of uniform pixel illumination. Iterative centroiding algorithms are further limited by the consideration of full pixels to define the image domain for centroiding. Here, we demonstrate two practical and complementary approaches to mitigate both these sources of error. First, we consider partial or ‘fractional’ pixels to maintain centroiding area symmetry around the center of mass. Secondly, we propose methods to perform piece-wise polynomial interpolation to calculate intensity distribution within pixels, which is then used to estimate the centroid within each pixel area. This approach that accounts for intensity non-uniformity across pixels notably reduces centroid errors up to a factor of 5 across lenslet image widths ranging from 1.33 to 3.10 pixels full-width-half-maximum (FWHM). Consequently, wavefront sensing errors decrease from 14 % to 4 %, on average, for FWHM = 1.35 pixels, demonstrating a substantial benefit when the number of pixels per lenslet is minimized to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio or increase frame rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"319 ","pages":"Article 172107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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