Lateral Heterostructures Fabricated via Artificial Pressure Gradient

Abstract

Hydrostatic conditions are generally pursued in high-pressure research, maintained to prevent the intrinsic pressure gradient on the culets of diamond anvil cells (DACs) from introducing heterogeneity to the structure and physical properties of the regulated materials. Here, a pioneering route to fabricate lateral heterostructures is proposed via artificial pressure gradients intentionally designed in DACs. Under the tailored pressure gradients, different structural phases emerge in distinct parts of the material, resulting in the formation of heterostructures. Harnessing the polymorphic transition nature of violet phosphorus under high pressure, violet/blue and violet/black phosphorus lateral heterostructures with different electrical properties have been successfully prepared by the pressure gradient method. This achievement highlights the potential of artificial pressure gradients as a portable and universal strategy for the fabrication of lateral heterostructures, shedding new light on the preparation and regulation of lateral heterostructures across a wider range of materials.