Yi Zou, Di Liu, Xinyan Gan, Rengjian Yu, Xianghong Zhang, Chansong Gao, Zhenjia Chen, Chenhui Xu, Yun Ye, Yuanyuan Hu, Tailiang Guo, Huipeng Chen
The combination of artificial neural networks (ANN) and spiking neural networks (SNN) holds great promise for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, the reported ANN and SNN computational architectures are independent and require a large number of auxiliary circuits and external algorithms for fusion training. Here, a novel vertical bulk heterojunction neuromorphic transistor (VHNT) capable of emulating both ANN and SNN computational functions is presented. TaOx-based electrochemical reactions and PDVT-10/N2200-based bulk heterojunctions are used to realize spike coding and voltage coding, respectively. Notably, the device exhibits remarkable efficiency, consuming a mere 0.84 nJ of energy consumption for a single multiply accumulate (MAC) operation with excellent linearity. Moreover, the device can be switched to spiking neuron and self-activation neuron by simply changing the programming without auxiliary circuits. Finally, the VHNT-based artificial spiking neural network (ASNN) fusion simulation architecture is demonstrated, achieving 95% accuracy for Canadian-Institute-For-Advanced-ResearchResearch-10 (CIFARResearch-10) dataset while significantly enhancing training speed and efficiency. This work proposes a novel device strategy for developing high-performance, low-power, and environmentally adaptive AGI.
{"title":"Toward Switching and Fusing Neuromorphic Computing: Vertical Bulk Heterojunction Transistors with Multi-Neuromorphic Functions for Efficient Deep Learning","authors":"Yi Zou, Di Liu, Xinyan Gan, Rengjian Yu, Xianghong Zhang, Chansong Gao, Zhenjia Chen, Chenhui Xu, Yun Ye, Yuanyuan Hu, Tailiang Guo, Huipeng Chen","doi":"10.1002/adma.202419245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202419245","url":null,"abstract":"The combination of artificial neural networks (ANN) and spiking neural networks (SNN) holds great promise for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, the reported ANN and SNN computational architectures are independent and require a large number of auxiliary circuits and external algorithms for fusion training. Here, a novel vertical bulk heterojunction neuromorphic transistor (VHNT) capable of emulating both ANN and SNN computational functions is presented. TaO<sub>x</sub>-based electrochemical reactions and PDVT-10/N2200-based bulk heterojunctions are used to realize spike coding and voltage coding, respectively. Notably, the device exhibits remarkable efficiency, consuming a mere 0.84 nJ of energy consumption for a single multiply accumulate (MAC) operation with excellent linearity. Moreover, the device can be switched to spiking neuron and self-activation neuron by simply changing the programming without auxiliary circuits. Finally, the VHNT-based artificial spiking neural network (ASNN) fusion simulation architecture is demonstrated, achieving 95% accuracy for Canadian-Institute-For-Advanced-ResearchResearch-10 (CIFARResearch-10) dataset while significantly enhancing training speed and efficiency. This work proposes a novel device strategy for developing high-performance, low-power, and environmentally adaptive AGI.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suction cups are the light bulbs of robotics and automation. They are simple, reliable, yet energy‐hungry, and require a bulky and noisy vacuum infrastructure. This work reports Electroadhesion (EA) Suction Cups: soft, silent, monolithic, electrically‐driven grippers, with a power consumption of only 1.5 W, that can grasp flat and curved objects, with smooth or rough surfaces, holding payloads up to 1.5 kg. This performance is enabled by a deeper understanding of the contact mechanics of electroadhesion systems. A thin and soft membrane containing interdigitated electrodes zips onto the object driven by electrostatic forces, conforming to the object's shape and thus establishing large‐area contact. The lifting force is transmitted to a robot arm through a small pillar connected at the center of the membrane. This design maximizes the peeling force and enables the formation of passive vacuum inside the conical chamber formed when the membrane stretches during lifting. Object release is obtained by turning off the voltage and optionally by opening a valve to quickly break the vacuum. EA suction cups address many shortcomings of widely used vacuum‐driven grippers, offering a compact, fully electric, and energy‐efficient solution that meets the needs for efficiency and portability in both industrial and service robotics.
{"title":"Electroadhesion Suction Cups","authors":"Fabio Caruso, Herbert Shea, Vito Cacucciolo","doi":"10.1002/adma.202420231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202420231","url":null,"abstract":"Suction cups are the light bulbs of robotics and automation. They are simple, reliable, yet energy‐hungry, and require a bulky and noisy vacuum infrastructure. This work reports Electroadhesion (EA) Suction Cups: soft, silent, monolithic, electrically‐driven grippers, with a power consumption of only 1.5 W, that can grasp flat and curved objects, with smooth or rough surfaces, holding payloads up to 1.5 kg. This performance is enabled by a deeper understanding of the contact mechanics of electroadhesion systems. A thin and soft membrane containing interdigitated electrodes zips onto the object driven by electrostatic forces, conforming to the object's shape and thus establishing large‐area contact. The lifting force is transmitted to a robot arm through a small pillar connected at the center of the membrane. This design maximizes the peeling force and enables the formation of passive vacuum inside the conical chamber formed when the membrane stretches during lifting. Object release is obtained by turning off the voltage and optionally by opening a valve to quickly break the vacuum. EA suction cups address many shortcomings of widely used vacuum‐driven grippers, offering a compact, fully electric, and energy‐efficient solution that meets the needs for efficiency and portability in both industrial and service robotics.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yushuang Lin, Yan Zhang, Zhao Dai, Xue Peng, Weihao Xue, Yongjun Zhang, Nan Li
Nanofiltration membranes hold great promise for ion separation but often suffer from a trade-off between selectivity and flux, limiting their use in precise separation processes. A key challenge is achieving precise control over pore orientation, as existing methods fail to provide real-time, quantitative insights for optimizing membrane structure and performance. To address this, an innovative in situ, real-time quantitative technique is developed that links pore alignment directly to separation efficiency. Using β-cyclodextrin as a model pore-forming compound, fluorescent labeling enables continuous monitoring of pore orientation and distribution during membrane fabrication. This method enables the capture of the complete distribution of pore orientation across the entire membrane surface, allowing for precise adjustments in membrane design. This approach provides the real-time quantification of pore alignment, facilitating the design of NF membranes with enhanced ion selectivity and permeability. The optimized membranes demonstrate exceptional Mg2+/Li+ separation efficiency, with a separation factor of 15.55 and permeance of 35.85 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, representing a significant step forward in high-performance nanofiltration membranes with broad applications in resource recovery, environmental remediation, and water treatment.
{"title":"In Situ Real-Time Quantitative Characterization of Nanofiltration Membrane Pore Orientation for Enhanced Ion Separation","authors":"Yushuang Lin, Yan Zhang, Zhao Dai, Xue Peng, Weihao Xue, Yongjun Zhang, Nan Li","doi":"10.1002/adma.202500447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202500447","url":null,"abstract":"Nanofiltration membranes hold great promise for ion separation but often suffer from a trade-off between selectivity and flux, limiting their use in precise separation processes. A key challenge is achieving precise control over pore orientation, as existing methods fail to provide real-time, quantitative insights for optimizing membrane structure and performance. To address this, an innovative in situ, real-time quantitative technique is developed that links pore alignment directly to separation efficiency. Using β-cyclodextrin as a model pore-forming compound, fluorescent labeling enables continuous monitoring of pore orientation and distribution during membrane fabrication. This method enables the capture of the complete distribution of pore orientation across the entire membrane surface, allowing for precise adjustments in membrane design. This approach provides the real-time quantification of pore alignment, facilitating the design of NF membranes with enhanced ion selectivity and permeability. The optimized membranes demonstrate exceptional Mg<sup>2+</sup>/Li<sup>+</sup> separation efficiency, with a separation factor of 15.55 and permeance of 35.85 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup>, representing a significant step forward in high-performance nanofiltration membranes with broad applications in resource recovery, environmental remediation, and water treatment.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liuting Shan, Chenhui Xu, Jianyong Pan, Wenjie Lu, Xiao Ma, Di Liu, Chunyan Shi, Tingting Du, Jiaqi Zhang, Huipeng Chen
Convolutional neural network (CNN) is currently one of the most important artificial neural networks. However, traditional CNN hardware architectures suffer from significant increases in energy consumption and processing time as the demand for artificial intelligence tasks grows. Here, a novel optical convolution computing strategy is proposed that leverages a continuously adjustable photoluminescent device (CA‐PLD) as the optical convolution kernel, enabling parallel, all‐optical convolution computing and greatly simplifying the traditional convolution process. Under ultraviolet illumination, the CA‐PLD exhibits visible long‐afterglow emission characteristics due to the charge trapping and retention effects. This allows for continuously adjustable light weights, facilitating arbitrary convolution operations. Building on this, parallel and efficient multiply‐accumulate operations have been successfully demonstrated using CA‐PLD arrays with different weight combinations. Moreover, space‐transformable CA‐PLD units enable applications in dilated convolution. In a semantic segmentation task with 20 categories, the CA‐PLD units achieve higher Intersection over Union (IoU) values and accuracy. Therefore, the weight‐adjustable and spatial transformable CA‐PLD proposed in this work holds promise for future applications in intelligent optical computing systems and optical implementations of non‐von Neumann architectures.
{"title":"A Simple Optical Convolution Strategy Based on Versatile Adjustable Optical Convolution Kernel for All‐Optical Convolution Computing","authors":"Liuting Shan, Chenhui Xu, Jianyong Pan, Wenjie Lu, Xiao Ma, Di Liu, Chunyan Shi, Tingting Du, Jiaqi Zhang, Huipeng Chen","doi":"10.1002/adma.202420534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202420534","url":null,"abstract":"Convolutional neural network (CNN) is currently one of the most important artificial neural networks. However, traditional CNN hardware architectures suffer from significant increases in energy consumption and processing time as the demand for artificial intelligence tasks grows. Here, a novel optical convolution computing strategy is proposed that leverages a continuously adjustable photoluminescent device (CA‐PLD) as the optical convolution kernel, enabling parallel, all‐optical convolution computing and greatly simplifying the traditional convolution process. Under ultraviolet illumination, the CA‐PLD exhibits visible long‐afterglow emission characteristics due to the charge trapping and retention effects. This allows for continuously adjustable light weights, facilitating arbitrary convolution operations. Building on this, parallel and efficient multiply‐accumulate operations have been successfully demonstrated using CA‐PLD arrays with different weight combinations. Moreover, space‐transformable CA‐PLD units enable applications in dilated convolution. In a semantic segmentation task with 20 categories, the CA‐PLD units achieve higher Intersection over Union (IoU) values and accuracy. Therefore, the weight‐adjustable and spatial transformable CA‐PLD proposed in this work holds promise for future applications in intelligent optical computing systems and optical implementations of non‐von Neumann architectures.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rui Zeng, Fei Han, Wenkai Zhong, Ming Zhang, Senke Tan, Yi Lin, Jiawei Deng, Guanqing Zhou, Lixuan Kan, Lei Zhu, Xingyu Gao, Jinge Zhu, Wutong Zhao, Shengjie Xu, Xiaonan Xue, Bonan Hao, Zichun Zhou, Xuefei Wu, Cheng Wang, Zachary Fink, Zheng Tang, Hao Jing, Thomas P. Russell, Yongming Zhang, Feng Liu
Thin film organic photovoltaics (OPVs) aim to harness solar energy environmentally friendly, highly efficient, and cost‐effective means, thereby offering a sustainable solution for energy production and ecological preservation. Efforts are undertook to optimize engineering preparation technology for OPV devices and mini‐modules, through the development of low‐ecological‐impact solvent processing method. A newly developed solvent engineering strategy employing environmentally benign o‐xylene (OXY) with synergistic dual additives (DIM and DIB) achieved an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.0% (JSC of 26.6 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.935 V, FF of 80.3%) alongside exceptional stability metrics (82%–1500h). The mini‐module processed with optimized TCE:OXY (1:3 v/v) solvent demonstrated scalable performance reaching 17.6% (18.4 cm2), representing the highest performance achieved in the development safe solvent based OPVs. Suitable microscale patterns contributed to a broader range of receiving angles, enabling more flexible installation geometries for building‐integrated applications.
{"title":"Lowering Toxicity of Solvent in Organic Solar Cells Manufacturing for 20% Efficiency","authors":"Rui Zeng, Fei Han, Wenkai Zhong, Ming Zhang, Senke Tan, Yi Lin, Jiawei Deng, Guanqing Zhou, Lixuan Kan, Lei Zhu, Xingyu Gao, Jinge Zhu, Wutong Zhao, Shengjie Xu, Xiaonan Xue, Bonan Hao, Zichun Zhou, Xuefei Wu, Cheng Wang, Zachary Fink, Zheng Tang, Hao Jing, Thomas P. Russell, Yongming Zhang, Feng Liu","doi":"10.1002/adma.202501812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202501812","url":null,"abstract":"Thin film organic photovoltaics (OPVs) aim to harness solar energy environmentally friendly, highly efficient, and cost‐effective means, thereby offering a sustainable solution for energy production and ecological preservation. Efforts are undertook to optimize engineering preparation technology for OPV devices and mini‐modules, through the development of low‐ecological‐impact solvent processing method. A newly developed solvent engineering strategy employing environmentally benign <jats:italic>o</jats:italic>‐xylene (OXY) with synergistic dual additives (DIM and DIB) achieved an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.0% (<jats:italic>J</jats:italic><jats:sub>SC</jats:sub> of 26.6 mA cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, <jats:italic>V</jats:italic><jats:sub>OC</jats:sub> of 0.935 V, FF of 80.3%) alongside exceptional stability metrics (82%–1500h). The mini‐module processed with optimized TCE:OXY (1:3 v/v) solvent demonstrated scalable performance reaching 17.6% (18.4 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>), representing the highest performance achieved in the development safe solvent based OPVs. Suitable microscale patterns contributed to a broader range of receiving angles, enabling more flexible installation geometries for building‐integrated applications.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeonguk Hwang, Seong Hwan Lee, Jinsu Kim, Geonho Lee, Jinwoo Park, Yunseok Choi, Jinhoon Lee, Jin Hong Lee, Jae Ryung Choi, Cheol‐Min Yang, Il Jin Kim, Bo‐In Park, Shu Yang, Seung‐Yeol Jeon, Dong Woog Lee, Seunggun Yu
Surface modification of polymer microparticles (MPs) is often essential to impart functionalities beyond their inherent properties. However, decorating these surfaces typically requires complex, multi‐step wet chemistry processes to direct assembly and bonding between surfaces, which are not only challenging to control and scale up but also pose significant environmental concerns. Inspired by asteroid impact events, assembly of core/shell hybrid supraparticles (HSPs) is demonstrated via collision‐driven, one‐step dry mixing of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and polymer MPs with a significant contrast in elastic moduli— a process termed “mechanophysical synthesis.” Through the interplay of interfacial energy and collision energy, NPs are stably embedded onto the MP surface. The degree of surface coverage depends on mixing velocity and duration, aligning with results from particle collision simulations. HSPs can be created from a diverse combination of MPs and NPs, regardless of their shapes or chemistry. Furthermore, different types of functional NPs—such as magnetic, photocatalytic, and ion‐adsorptive—can be simultaneously introduced onto the MPs. The resulting HSPs can not only remove toxic water pollutants, but also be easily recovered and reused. The mechanophysical synthesis approach opens a new direction for sustainable and versatile self‐assembly of heterogeneous MPs, minimizing the use of excessive chemicals and solvents.
{"title":"Mechanophysical Synthesis of Core/Shell Hybrid Supraparticles","authors":"Jeonguk Hwang, Seong Hwan Lee, Jinsu Kim, Geonho Lee, Jinwoo Park, Yunseok Choi, Jinhoon Lee, Jin Hong Lee, Jae Ryung Choi, Cheol‐Min Yang, Il Jin Kim, Bo‐In Park, Shu Yang, Seung‐Yeol Jeon, Dong Woog Lee, Seunggun Yu","doi":"10.1002/adma.202502718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202502718","url":null,"abstract":"Surface modification of polymer microparticles (MPs) is often essential to impart functionalities beyond their inherent properties. However, decorating these surfaces typically requires complex, multi‐step wet chemistry processes to direct assembly and bonding between surfaces, which are not only challenging to control and scale up but also pose significant environmental concerns. Inspired by asteroid impact events, assembly of core/shell hybrid supraparticles (HSPs) is demonstrated via collision‐driven, one‐step dry mixing of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) and polymer MPs with a significant contrast in elastic moduli— a process termed “mechanophysical synthesis.” Through the interplay of interfacial energy and collision energy, NPs are stably embedded onto the MP surface. The degree of surface coverage depends on mixing velocity and duration, aligning with results from particle collision simulations. HSPs can be created from a diverse combination of MPs and NPs, regardless of their shapes or chemistry. Furthermore, different types of functional NPs—such as magnetic, photocatalytic, and ion‐adsorptive—can be simultaneously introduced onto the MPs. The resulting HSPs can not only remove toxic water pollutants, but also be easily recovered and reused. The mechanophysical synthesis approach opens a new direction for sustainable and versatile self‐assembly of heterogeneous MPs, minimizing the use of excessive chemicals and solvents.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of efficient photocatalysts to convert dilute CO2 from flue gas into high value-added products is a promising approach to achieving carbon neutrality. In this work, a dual-fluorinated Ni single atom photocatalyst is reported for the photoreduction of diluted CO2 to CO. Under a dilute CO2 (10%) atmosphere, TPB-SA2F-Ni achieves the highest reported CO yield (30344.4 µmol g−1 h−1) among heterogeneous catalytic systems with a CO selectivity of 98%. Kevin probe force microscopy and photoelectrochemical characterizations indicate that dual-fluorination strategy enhances photoexcited electron transfer between the photosensitizer and photocatalyst by optimizing the conjugated electronic structure. Pore size distribution and CO2 adsorption experiments show that the uniform microporous structure induced by the dual-F site further enhanced the ability of the Ni-N2O2 active site to capture CO2 molecules. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the high CO yield of TPB-SA2F-Ni stems from a lowered energy barrier for *COOH intermediate formation.
{"title":"Dual-Fluorinated Ni Single Atom Catalyst for Efficient Artificial Photosynthetic Diluted CO2 Reduction","authors":"Qimeng Sun, Lujie Jin, Weijie He, Xiaoyong Xia, Youyong Li, Dongyun Chen, Qingfeng Xu, Jianmei Lu","doi":"10.1002/adma.202503414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202503414","url":null,"abstract":"The development of efficient photocatalysts to convert dilute CO<sub>2</sub> from flue gas into high value-added products is a promising approach to achieving carbon neutrality. In this work, a dual-fluorinated Ni single atom photocatalyst is reported for the photoreduction of diluted CO<sub>2</sub> to CO. Under a dilute CO<sub>2</sub> (10%) atmosphere, TPB-SA2F-Ni achieves the highest reported CO yield (30344.4 µmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) among heterogeneous catalytic systems with a CO selectivity of 98%. Kevin probe force microscopy and photoelectrochemical characterizations indicate that dual-fluorination strategy enhances photoexcited electron transfer between the photosensitizer and photocatalyst by optimizing the conjugated electronic structure. Pore size distribution and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption experiments show that the uniform microporous structure induced by the dual-F site further enhanced the ability of the Ni-N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> active site to capture CO<sub>2</sub> molecules. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the high CO yield of TPB-SA2F-Ni stems from a lowered energy barrier for *COOH intermediate formation.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leonhard Hambitzer, Jan Mathis Hornbostel, Louise Roolfs, Richard Prediger, Sebastian Kluck, Kai Zheng, Cornelia Lee-Thedieck, Frederik Kotz-Helmer
Porous scaffolds made of bioactive glass (BG) are of great interest for tissue engineering as they can bond to bone rapidly and promote new bone formation. Pores and channels between 100 and 500 µm provide space for cell intrusion and nutrient supply, facilitating bone ingrowth and vascularization. Furthermore, smaller pores and structural features of a few microns in size influence cell behavior, such as adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. Additive manufacturing (AM) is well suited to fabricate such geometries. However, microstructuring BG is demanding and common AM techniques are unable to achieve features below 100 µm. In this work, two-photon lithography (TPL) is used for the first time to structure BG with single-micron features. A composite containing BG nanoparticles is structured using TPL and thermally processed to receive glass scaffolds. The glass used in this study demonstrates in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytocompatibility toward human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), making it a suitable material for tissue engineering. This process will open a toolbox for a variety of existing BG particles to be shaped with features as small as 6 µm and will broaden the understanding of the influence of scaffold design on cell behavior.
{"title":"Bioactive Glass Microscaffolds Fabricated by Two-Photon Lithography","authors":"Leonhard Hambitzer, Jan Mathis Hornbostel, Louise Roolfs, Richard Prediger, Sebastian Kluck, Kai Zheng, Cornelia Lee-Thedieck, Frederik Kotz-Helmer","doi":"10.1002/adma.202504475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202504475","url":null,"abstract":"Porous scaffolds made of bioactive glass (BG) are of great interest for tissue engineering as they can bond to bone rapidly and promote new bone formation. Pores and channels between 100 and 500 µm provide space for cell intrusion and nutrient supply, facilitating bone ingrowth and vascularization. Furthermore, smaller pores and structural features of a few microns in size influence cell behavior, such as adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. Additive manufacturing (AM) is well suited to fabricate such geometries. However, microstructuring BG is demanding and common AM techniques are unable to achieve features below 100 µm. In this work, two-photon lithography (TPL) is used for the first time to structure BG with single-micron features. A composite containing BG nanoparticles is structured using TPL and thermally processed to receive glass scaffolds. The glass used in this study demonstrates in vitro bioactivity in simulated body fluid (SBF) and cytocompatibility toward human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), making it a suitable material for tissue engineering. This process will open a toolbox for a variety of existing BG particles to be shaped with features as small as 6 µm and will broaden the understanding of the influence of scaffold design on cell behavior.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Twenty Years of Innovation: SAINT Paving the Way for Nanotechnology and Breaking New Ground Through Convergence of Next‐Generation Technologies","authors":"Il Jeon, Pil Jin Yoo, Ji Beom Yoo, Sungjoo Lee","doi":"10.1002/adma.202506889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202506889","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143866713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spin Berry curvature characterizes the band topology as the spin counterpart of Berry curvature and is crucial in generating novel spintronics functionalities. By breaking the crystalline inversion symmetry, the spin Berry curvature is expected to be significantly enhanced; this enhancement will increase the intrinsic spin Hall effect in ferromagnetic materials and, thus, the spin–orbit torques (SOTs). However, this intriguing approach is not applied to devices; generally, the spin Hall effect in ferromagnet/heavy-metal bilayer is used for SOT magnetization switching. Here, SOT-induced partial magnetization switching is demonstrated in a single layer of a single-crystalline Weyl oxide SrRuO3 (SRO) with a small current density of ≈3.1 × 106 A cm−2. Detailed analysis of the crystal structure in the seemingly perfect periodic lattice of the SRO film reveals barely discernible oxygen octahedral rotations with angles of ≈5° near the interface with a substrate. Tight-binding calculations indicate that a large spin Hall conductivity is induced around small gaps generated at band crossings by the synergy of inherent spin‒orbit coupling and band inversion due to the rotations, causing magnetization reversal. The results indicate that a minute atomic displacement in single-crystal films can induce strong intrinsic SOTs that are useful for spin-orbitronics devices.
自旋贝里曲率表征了贝里曲率的自旋对应带拓扑结构，是产生新型自旋电子学功能的关键。通过打破晶体反转对称性，自旋贝里曲率有望得到显著增强；这种增强将提高铁磁材料的固有自旋霍尔效应，从而提高自旋轨道转矩（SOT）。然而，这种引人入胜的方法并未应用于设备；通常，铁磁体/重金属双层材料中的自旋霍尔效应被用于 SOT 磁化切换。本文在单晶韦尔氧化物 SrRuO3（SRO）的单层中，以≈3.1 × 106 A cm-2 的小电流密度演示了 SOT 诱导的部分磁化切换。通过对 SRO 薄膜看似完美的周期性晶格中的晶体结构进行详细分析，发现在与基底的界面附近几乎看不出角度≈5°的氧八面体旋转。紧密结合计算表明，由于固有的自旋轨道耦合和旋转导致的带反转的协同作用，在带交叉处产生的小间隙周围会诱发巨大的自旋霍尔电导率，从而引起磁化反转。研究结果表明，单晶薄膜中微小的原子位移就能诱导出很强的本征自旋霍尔电导，可用于自旋轨道电子器件。
{"title":"Single-Layer Spin-Orbit-Torque Magnetization Switching Due to Spin Berry Curvature Generated by Minute Spontaneous Atomic Displacement in a Weyl Oxide","authors":"Hiroto Horiuchi, Yasufumi Araki, Yuki K. Wakabayashi, Jun'ichi Ieda, Michihiko Yamanouchi, Yukio Sato, Shingo Kaneta-Takada, Yoshitaka Taniyasu, Hideki Yamamoto, Yoshiharu Krockenberger, Masaaki Tanaka, Shinobu Ohya","doi":"10.1002/adma.202416091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202416091","url":null,"abstract":"Spin Berry curvature characterizes the band topology as the spin counterpart of Berry curvature and is crucial in generating novel spintronics functionalities. By breaking the crystalline inversion symmetry, the spin Berry curvature is expected to be significantly enhanced; this enhancement will increase the intrinsic spin Hall effect in ferromagnetic materials and, thus, the spin–orbit torques (SOTs). However, this intriguing approach is not applied to devices; generally, the spin Hall effect in ferromagnet/heavy-metal <i>bilayer</i> is used for SOT magnetization switching. Here, SOT-induced partial magnetization switching is demonstrated in a <i>single</i> layer of a single-crystalline Weyl oxide SrRuO<sub>3</sub> (SRO) with a small current density of ≈3.1 × 10<sup>6</sup> A cm<sup>−2</sup>. Detailed analysis of the crystal structure in the seemingly perfect periodic lattice of the SRO film reveals barely discernible oxygen octahedral rotations with angles of ≈5° near the interface with a substrate. Tight-binding calculations indicate that a large spin Hall conductivity is induced around small gaps generated at band crossings by the synergy of inherent spin‒orbit coupling and band inversion due to the rotations, causing magnetization reversal. The results indicate that a minute atomic displacement in single-crystal films can induce strong intrinsic SOTs that are useful for spin-orbitronics devices.","PeriodicalId":114,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Materials","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":29.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143867153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：