Early Life Interventions: Impact on Aging and Longevity.

Abstract

Across mammals, lifespans vary remarkably, spanning over a hundredfold difference. Comparative studies consistently reveal a strong inverse relationship between developmental pace and lifespan, hinting at the potential for early-life interventions (ELIs) to influence aging and lifespan trajectories. Focusing on postnatal interventions in mice, this review explores how ELIs influence development, lifespan, and the underlying mechanisms. Previous ELI studies have employed a diverse array of approaches, including dietary modifications, manipulations of the somatotropic axis, and various chemical treatments. Notably, these interventions have demonstrated significant impacts on aging and lifespan in mice. The underlying mechanisms likely involve pathways related to mitochondrial function, mTOR and AMPK signaling, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations. Interestingly, ELI studies may serve as valuable models for investigating the complex regulatory mechanisms of development and aging, particularly regarding the interplay among somatic growth, sexual maturation, and lifespan. In addition, prior research has highlighted the intricacies of experimental design and data interpretation. Factors such as timing, sex-specific effects, administration methods, and animal husbandry practices must be carefully considered to ensure the reliability and reproducibility of results, as well as rigorous interpretation. Addressing these factors is essential for advancing our understanding of how development, aging, and lifespan are regulated, potentially opening avenues for interventions that promote healthy aging.