Impact of Blood Pressure Management on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Abstract

Hypertension has been associated with worse outcomes in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). We aimed to identify the clinical impact of blood pressure management on the development of cardiovascular events. We assessed patients with clinically diagnosed heterozygous FH (n = 1,273, male/female = 614/659) with blood pressure data. We categorized them into 4 groups (group 1: patients without hypertension from baseline to follow-up; group 2: patients without hypertension at baseline but in whom hypertension developed at follow-up; group 3: patients with hypertension at baseline that was well-controlled at follow-up; group 4: patients with hypertension from baseline that was uncontrolled at follow-up). We used Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate factors associated with cardiovascular events, including cardiovascular death and any coronary events. The median follow-up period was 10.9 years. We observed 142 cardiovascular events during the follow-up period and revealed that blood pressure management was significantly associated with cardiovascular event occurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30 to 3.70, p <0.001; HR 4.18, 95% CI 2.08 to 6.28, p <0.001; HR 10.96, 95% CI 6.10 to 17.58, p <0.001 in groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with group 1 as reference). In conclusion, blood pressure management is crucial in patients with heterozygous FH.