18F-FDG PET/CT biomarkers as predictors of long term outcomes and survival rates in patients with high risk malignant pulmonary masses/nodules treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy.

Abstract

Introduction: Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is a standard treatment option for patients with malignant pulmonary masses (including primary and metastatic lesions) who are unfit for surgery or who are medically operable but refuse surgery. Flourine-18 flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET) volumetric metabolic parameters, i.e., metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) play an important role in assessing the biological characteristics of some tumours and its role as potential prognostic factors has also been introduced.

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the value of baseline metabolic volumetric parameters as prognostic imaging biomarkers in patients with pulmonary masses/nodules treated with SABR.

Methods: 70 patients were included in this retrospective study (39 male and 31 female, age range 47-91 years, mean 76 years). Standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, MTV and TLG for all the patients were calculated on baseline ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Patient outcome was divided into 3 categories free of disease, stable disease and disease progression.

Results: There was no significant statistical difference in the SUVmax and SUVmean in all the three categories. Mean SUVmax ranges from 7.13 to 8.08 with its highest value in the stable disease and lowest value in the progressive disease categories. Similarly, the average SUVmean was 4.9 in the free of disease category and 4.68 in the progressive disease category. MTV and TLG were low in the free of disease and the highest in progressive disease. MTV increased from 2.25 cm³ in free of disease category to 3.23 cm³ and 7.29 cm³ in stable disease and progressive disease, respectively. TLG has increased from 11.7 in the disease-free survival category to 18.77 and 40.39 in the stable and progressive disease, respectively. Patients with low MTV had longer overall survival (OS) than patients with high MTV (37 months versus 27 months, p value = 0. 0018). In addition, OS was longer in patients with low TLG (36 months versus 24 months, p value = 0.016).

Conclusions: TLG and MTV are more useful than SUVmax and SUVmean for predicting outcome, OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients receiving SABR. The TLG and MTV measurement on ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging may be routinely recommended in baseline ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT prior to SABR.