Non-canonical translation in cancer: significance and therapeutic potential of non-canonical ORFs, m⁶A-modification, and circular RNAs.

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Cell Death Discovery Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI:10.1038/s41420-024-02185-y

Xiaoyi Deng, Yanxun V Yu, Youngnam N Jin

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Abstract

Translation is a decoding process that synthesizes proteins from RNA, typically mRNA. The conventional translation process consists of four stages: initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling. Precise control over the translation mechanism is crucial, as dysregulation in this process is often linked to human diseases such as cancer. Recent discoveries have unveiled translation mechanisms that extend beyond typical well-characterized components like the m⁷G cap, poly(A)-tail, or translation factors like eIFs. These mechanisms instead utilize atypical elements, such as non-canonical ORF, m⁶A-modification, and circular RNA, as key components for protein synthesis. Collectively, these mechanisms are classified as non-canonical translations. It is increasingly clear that non-canonical translation mechanisms significantly impact the various regulatory pathways of cancer, including proliferation, tumorigenicity, and the behavior of cancer stem cells. This review explores the involvement of a variety of non-canonical translation mechanisms in cancer biology and provides insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.

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癌症中的非规范翻译：非规范 ORF、m6A 修饰和环状 RNA 的意义和治疗潜力。

翻译是一个从 RNA（通常是 mRNA）合成蛋白质的解码过程。传统的翻译过程包括四个阶段：启动、延伸、终止和核糖体循环。精确控制翻译机制至关重要，因为这一过程的失调往往与癌症等人类疾病有关。最近的发现揭示了翻译机制，这些机制超越了典型的特征明确的成分，如 m7G 盖、聚（A）-尾或翻译因子（如 eIFs）。相反，这些机制利用非典型元素（如非典型 ORF、m6A 修饰和环状 RNA）作为蛋白质合成的关键成分。这些机制统称为非规范翻译。人们越来越清楚地认识到，非规范翻译机制对癌症的各种调控途径，包括增殖、致瘤性和癌症干细胞的行为有重大影响。这篇综述探讨了癌症生物学中各种非规范翻译机制的参与，并为癌症治疗的潜在治疗策略提供了见解。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Cell Death Discovery Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Cell Biology

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

1.40%

发文量

468

审稿时长

9 weeks

期刊介绍： Cell Death Discovery is a multidisciplinary, international, online-only, open access journal, dedicated to publishing research at the intersection of medicine with biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, cell biology and cell death, provided it is scientifically sound. The unrestricted access to research findings in Cell Death Discovery will foster a dynamic and highly productive dialogue between basic scientists and clinicians, as well as researchers in industry with a focus on cancer, neurobiology and inflammation research. As an official journal of the Cell Death Differentiation Association (ADMC), Cell Death Discovery will build upon the success of Cell Death & Differentiation and Cell Death & Disease in publishing important peer-reviewed original research, timely reviews and editorial commentary. Cell Death Discovery is committed to increasing the reproducibility of research. To this end, in conjunction with its sister journals Cell Death & Differentiation and Cell Death & Disease, Cell Death Discovery provides a unique forum for scientists as well as clinicians and members of the pharmaceutical and biotechnical industry. It is committed to the rapid publication of high quality original papers that relate to these subjects, together with topical, usually solicited, reviews, editorial correspondence and occasional commentaries on controversial and scientifically informative issues.