Histopathologic and Molecular Characterization of IDH-Mutant Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

Abstract

Gain-of-function isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are pathogenically significant in many tumor types and are actionable in cholangiocarcinoma, low-grade glioma, and acute myeloid leukemia. Rare IDH mutations have been described in prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa). Recent publications have suggested that psammomatous calcifications in PCa are associated with IDH1 mutations. In this retrospective study, we queried our institutional clinical sequencing database (cohort 1), and previously published PCa data sets in cBioPortal (cohort 2). Samples were stratified based on oncogenic hotspot IDH mutations at IDH1 R132 and IDH2 R140/R172, and other nonhotspot IDH mutations. Seventeen (0.4%) cases were identified from 4033 PCa cases in cohort 1 harboring mutually exclusive oncogenic hotspot IDH1 (N = 15, 1 of which was subclonal) or IDH2 (N = 2) mutations, and 20 (0.5%) cases had nonhotspot IDH1/2 mutations. A histologic review of 13 cases with IDH1 hotspot mutations and available material showed grade group 3 or higher disease. Immunohistochemistry was performed on cases with IDH1 hotspot mutations when possible and showed AR, PSA, PSMA, and NKX3.1 positive in all the 4 cases stained. In cohort 2, 9 cases (0.3%) harboring IDH1 hotspot mutations were identified from 2749 patients, and 9 cases carried nonhotspot IDH1/2 mutations. The combined cohorts of 23 PCa cases with clonal IDH1 hotspot mutations had no ETS fusions, SPOP hotspot mutations, and somatic or germline alterations in BRCA1/2, ATM, RB1, or AR; 19 cases with successful microsatellite instability testing were all microsatellite stable. Conversely, among 29 cases with nonhotspot IDH mutations, there were 4 with TMPRSS2::ERG fusions, 6 with SPOP hotspot mutations, and 10 with AR amplifications/hotspot mutations; 8 were microsatellite instability high. Notably, two cases with IDH1 hotspot mutations had psammomatous calcifications. Our findings provide evidence that IDH1 hotspot mutations serve as driver alterations in this rare yet distinct molecular subset of PCa. Further studies are warranted to correlate response to androgen deprivation and IDH inhibitors.