Association of Hormonal Contraceptives with Depression among Women in Reproductive Age Groups: A Cross-Sectional Analytic Study.

IF 1.6 Q3 OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY Obstetrics and Gynecology International Pub Date : 2024-09-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2024/7309041
Sadia Sultan, Md Abu Bashar, Rahma M Bazhair, Doaa O Abdurahman, Renad A Alrehaili, Meimouna E Ennahoui, Yasmeen S Alsulaiman, Seba D Alamri, Elgawhara F A Mohamed
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Abstract

Introduction: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are used for birth control, menstrual disturbances, and premenopausal syndrome. Most women stop using hormonal contraceptives due to changes in their mood. The evidence regarding the association of hormonal contraception with depression shows mixed results. Therefore, we aim to establish the association between the use of hormonal contraception and depressive symptoms.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 326 women of the reproductive age group (15-49 years) attending the family planning unit of the obstetrics and gynecology department of a medical college in Saudi Arabia. Their sociodemographic and medical details along with the current use of any contraceptives (hormonal, nonhormonal, or not using any) with duration were collected. Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) was applied to the women to assess for depression along with its severity, and a BDI score of >16 was taken to denote clinical depression. Women were stratified by type of contraceptive used, and its association with depression category was assessed.

Results: A total of 326 consenting eligible women in the age group of 15-49 years were enrolled in the study of which 165 (50.6%) were currently using a hormonal contraceptive and 49 (15.0%) were using a nonhormonal contraceptive and the rest 112 (34.4%) were not using any contraceptives. There was no significant difference in the mean BDI scores (p=0.79) and degrees of depression (p=0.06) between the HC users and HC nonusers. However, individual symptoms of depression such as sadness (p=0.01), reduced libido (p=0.0002), feelings of pessimism (p=0.02), and failure (p=0.003) were found to be significantly higher in the HC users than non-HC users.

Conclusion: We conclude that there was no significant difference in mean depression scores between groups. However, a few individual symptoms of depression were high in HC users suggesting depression as a potential side effect of hormonal contraceptive use.

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生殖年龄组女性荷尔蒙避孕药与抑郁症的关系:一项横断面分析研究
导言:荷尔蒙避孕药(HCs)用于节育、月经紊乱和绝经前综合征。大多数女性因情绪变化而停止使用激素避孕药。荷尔蒙避孕药与抑郁症的关系证据不一。因此,我们旨在确定使用激素避孕药与抑郁症状之间的关联:我们对沙特阿拉伯一所医学院妇产科计划生育科的 326 名育龄妇女(15-49 岁)进行了横断面研究。研究收集了她们的社会人口学和医疗详情,以及目前使用任何避孕药具(激素、非激素或未使用任何避孕药具)的情况和持续时间。对妇女采用贝克抑郁量表-II(BDI-II)评估抑郁及其严重程度,BDI 得分大于 16 分表示临床抑郁。根据使用的避孕药类型对妇女进行分层,并评估其与抑郁类别的关系:共有 326 名年龄介于 15-49 岁之间的符合条件的女性参与了研究,其中 165 人(50.6%)目前正在使用激素避孕药,49 人(15.0%)正在使用非激素避孕药,其余 112 人(34.4%)未使用任何避孕药具。在 BDI 平均得分(P=0.79)和抑郁程度(P=0.06)方面,使用 HC 和不使用 HC 的人没有明显差异。然而,我们发现使用 HC 者的个别抑郁症状,如悲伤(p=0.01)、性欲减退(p=0.0002)、悲观(p=0.02)和失败(p=0.003)明显高于未使用 HC 者:我们得出的结论是,各组之间的平均抑郁评分没有明显差异。结论:我们得出的结论是,各组间的平均抑郁评分无明显差异,但 HC 使用者的个别抑郁症状较高,这表明抑郁是使用激素避孕药的潜在副作用。
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来源期刊
Obstetrics and Gynecology International
Obstetrics and Gynecology International OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
26
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Obstetrics and Gynecology International is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that aims to provide a forum for scientists and clinical professionals working in obstetrics and gynecology. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies related to obstetrics, maternal-fetal medicine, general gynecology, gynecologic oncology, uro-gynecology, reproductive medicine and infertility, reproductive endocrinology, and sexual medicine.
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