Understanding metabolic diversification in plants: branchpoints in the evolution of specialized metabolism.

IF 5.4 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-18 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1098/rstb.2023.0359
Wenjuan Ji, Anne Osbourn, Zhenhua Liu
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Abstract

Plants are chemical engineers par excellence. Collectively they make a vast array of structurally diverse specialized metabolites. The raw materials for building new pathways (genes encoding biosynthetic enzymes) are commonly recruited directly or indirectly from primary metabolism. Little is known about how new metabolic pathways and networks evolve in plants, or what key nodes contribute to branches that lead to the biosynthesis of diverse chemicals. Here we review the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of biosynthetic branchpoints. We also consider examples in which new metabolites are formed through the joining of precursor molecules arising from different biosynthetic routes, a scenario that greatly increases both the diversity and complexity of specialized metabolism. Given the emerging importance of metabolic gene clustering in helping to identify new enzymes and pathways, we further cover the significance of biosynthetic gene clusters in relation to metabolic networks and dedicated biosynthetic pathways. In conclusion, an improved understanding of the branchpoints between metabolic pathways will be key in order to be able to predict and illustrate the complex structure of metabolic networks and to better understand the plasticity of plant metabolism. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.

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了解植物代谢的多样化:特化代谢进化的分支点。
植物是卓越的化学工程师。它们共同制造了大量结构各异的特殊代谢物。构建新途径的原材料(编码生物合成酶的基因)通常直接或间接地来自初级代谢。人们对植物中新的代谢途径和网络是如何演化的,或者是哪些关键节点促成了各种化学物质的生物合成分支知之甚少。在此,我们回顾了生物合成分支点产生的分子机制。我们还考虑了通过连接不同生物合成途径产生的前体分子而形成新的代谢物的例子,这种情况大大增加了专门代谢的多样性和复杂性。鉴于代谢基因簇在帮助识别新酶和新途径方面的重要性正在显现,我们进一步探讨了生物合成基因簇与代谢网络和专用生物合成途径的关系。总之,要预测和说明代谢网络的复杂结构,更好地理解植物代谢的可塑性,关键在于更好地理解代谢途径之间的分支点。本文是主题 "植物新陈代谢的进化 "的一部分。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.80
自引率
1.60%
发文量
365
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes topics across the life sciences. As long as the core subject lies within the biological sciences, some issues may also include content crossing into other areas such as the physical sciences, social sciences, biophysics, policy, economics etc. Issues generally sit within four broad areas (although many issues sit across these areas): Organismal, environmental and evolutionary biology Neuroscience and cognition Cellular, molecular and developmental biology Health and disease.
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