Source Apportionment and Human Health Risks of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Surface Water of Coal Mining Areas.

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI:10.3390/toxics12090673

Yuting Yan, Yunhui Zhang, Zhan Xie, Xiangchuan Wu, Chunlin Tu, Qingsong Chen, Lanchu Tao

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Abstract

Contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) frequently occurs in surface water in coal mining areas. This study analyzed 34 surface water samples collected from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau for their hydrochemical characteristics, spatial distribution, source apportionment, and human health risks. Our statistical analysis showed that the average concentrations of PTEs in the surface water ranked as follows: Fe > Al > Zn > Mn > Ba > B> Ni > Li > Cd > Mo > Cu > Co > Hg > Se > As > Pb > Sb. The spatial analysis revealed that samples with high concentrations of Fe, Al, and Mn were predominantly distributed in the main stream, Xichong River, and Yangchang River. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified four sources of PTEs in the surface water. Hg, As, and Se originated from wastewater discharged by coal preparation plants and coal mines. Mo, Li, and B originated from the dissolution of clay minerals in coal seams. Elevated concentrations of Cu, Fe, Al, Mn, Co, and Ni were attributed to the dissolution of kaolinite, illite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and minerals associated with Co and Ni in coal seams. Cd, Zn, and Pb were derived from coal melting and traffic release. The deterministic health risks assessment showed that 94.12% of the surface water samples presented non-carcinogenic risks below the health limit of 1. Meanwhile, 73.56% of the surface water samples with elevated As posed level III carcinogenic risk to the local populations. Special attention to drinking water safety for children is warranted due to their lower metabolic capacity for detoxifying PTEs. This study provides insight for PTE management in sustainable water environments.

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采煤区地表水中潜在有毒元素的来源分配和人类健康风险。

煤矿开采区的地表水经常受到潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 的污染。本研究分析了从云贵高原采集的 34 个地表水样本的水化学特征、空间分布、来源分配和对人体健康的风险。统计分析显示，地表水中 PTEs 的平均浓度依次为Fe > Al > Zn > Mn > Ba > B> Ni > Li > Cd > Mo > Cu > Co > Hg > Se > As > Pb > Sb。空间分析表明，铁、铝和锰含量较高的样品主要分布在干流、西冲河和羊昌河。正矩阵因式分解（PMF）确定了地表水中 PTEs 的四个来源。汞、砷和硒来自选煤厂和煤矿排放的废水。钼、锂和硼来源于煤层中粘土矿物的溶解。铜、铁、铝、锰、钴和镍浓度升高的原因是煤层中的高岭石、伊利石、黄铜矿、黄铁矿以及与钴和镍有关的矿物溶解所致。镉、锌和铅则来自煤炭熔化和交通排放。确定性健康风险评估显示，94.12% 的地表水样本的非致癌风险低于 1 级健康限值。由于儿童对 PTE 的解毒代谢能力较低，因此应特别关注儿童的饮用水安全。这项研究为可持续水环境中的 PTE 管理提供了启示。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.