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Relationship Between Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Human Serum and Sjogren's Syndrome: A Case-Control Study of Populations in Hangzhou, China. 人体血清中的全氟烷基酸与 Sjogren's 综合征的关系:中国杭州人群的病例对照研究。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100764
Yun Zhao, Shetuan Hu, Hangbiao Jin, Chuanbing Fan, Kaizhen Liao, Songzhao Zhang, Jing Xue

Exposure to perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) has been found to elicit a range of detrimental effects on human health. However, limited research has investigated the impact of PFAAs on immunity and immune disorders such as Sjogren's syndrome, with existing studies yielding inconsistent results. This study was conducted in Hangzhou, China, with an initial cohort comprising 156 healthy individuals and 162 patients diagnosed with Sjogren's syndrome. We quantified serum levels of PFAAs and examined associations between PFAAs and both susceptibilities to the development of Sjogren's syndrome and immune marker concentrations. Nine PFAAs were frequently detected in the serum, with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) exhibiting the highest concentration, followed by perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS). Exposure to PFOA and perfluorotridecanoate (PFTrDA) was inversely associated with the disease. Furthermore, a negative correlation between PFOA and C-reactive protein (CRP) was observed. These findings suggest that exposure to specific PFAAs may impact the immune system and potentially influence the development of Sjogren's syndrome.

研究发现,接触全氟烷基酸(PFAAs)会对人体健康产生一系列有害影响。然而,有关全氟烷基酸对免疫和免疫失调(如斯约格伦综合症)的影响的研究还很有限,现有研究得出的结果也不一致。本研究在中国杭州进行,最初的研究对象包括 156 名健康人和 162 名确诊为 Sjogren's 综合征的患者。我们对血清中的 PFAAs 水平进行了量化,并研究了 PFAAs 与 Sjogren's 综合征易感性和免疫标志物浓度之间的关系。血清中经常检测到九种全氟辛烷磺酸,其中全氟辛酸(PFOA)浓度最高,其次是全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)。全氟辛酸和全氟十三酸的暴露与疾病成反比。此外,还观察到全氟辛烷磺酸与 C 反应蛋白(CRP)呈负相关。这些研究结果表明,接触特定的全氟辛酸可能会影响免疫系统,并有可能影响斯约格伦综合征的发病。
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引用次数: 0
The Physiological Response of Salix matsudana for Water Pollution by 2,4-Dinitrophenol. 沙柳对 2,4-二硝基酚水污染的生理反应
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100763
Huicheng Xie, Yikang Fu, Degang Fu, Dengfeng Lin, Huimin Zhou, Guilong Fu, Hui Li, Jinxin Liu, Xiuguo Zheng, Kun Li

In this study, the effects of different concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) stress on physiological parameters, as well as the uptake and removal of 2,4-DNP in Salix matsudana, were investigated using hydroponic simulation experiments to explore the potential of the use of Salix matsudana in the phytoremediation of wastewater polluted by 2,4-DNP. The results showed that PN (net photosynthetic rate), Tr (transpiration rate), Gs (stomatal conductance), Ls (stomatal limitation value), Fv/Fm (maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry), and qp (photochemical quenching coefficient) of Salix matsudana seedlings showed an overall decreasing trend, while Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) showed an increasing trend with the increase in 2,4-DNP concentration. The net photosynthetic rate and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration showed an opposite trend in the leaves with the increase in 2,4-DNP stress concentration, and the inhibition of net photosynthesis by 2,4-DNP on Salix matsudana seedlings was mainly based on non-stomatal factors. In the 15 d incubation experiment, the values of SOD (superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) indexes were higher at low concentrations of 2,4-DNP stress, and all three enzymes reached their maximum values at 10 mg L-1 of 2,4-DNP and then decreased. Salix matsudana seedlings could tolerate 2,4-DNP stress well, which did not exceed 20 mg L-1. The toxicity of 2,4-DNP solution was significantly reduced after purification by Salix matsudana seedlings. The removal rate of 2,4-DNP was higher than 80% in each treatment group by Salix matsudana purified after 15 days. When the concentration of 2,4-DNP reached 20 mg L-1, the contents of MDA (malonicdialdehyde) were 55.62 mmol g-1, and the values of REC (relative conductivity) and LD (leaf damage) were 63.51% and 59.93%, respectively. The structure and function of the cell membrane in leaves were seriously damaged. With the increase in 2,4-DNP concentration, the removal of 2,4-DNP by Salix matsudana seedlings showed a decreasing trend. When the 2,4-DNP concentration was 5 mg L-1, the highest removal rate of 2,4-DNP by Salix matsudana seedlings was 95.98%, while when the 2,4-DNP concentration was 20 mg L-1, the highest removal rate was 86.76%. It is noted that the suitable, recommended concentration for the phytoremediation of 2,4-DNP contamination by Salix matsudana seedlings is between 8.81 and 13.78 mg L-1.

本研究利用水培模拟实验研究了不同浓度的2,4-二硝基苯酚(2,4-DNP)胁迫对沙柳生理参数的影响,以及沙柳对2,4-DNP的吸收和去除情况,以探讨沙柳在2,4-DNP污染废水的植物修复中的应用潜力。结果表明,随着 2,4-DNP 浓度的增加,沙柳幼苗的 PN(净光合速率)、Tr(蒸腾速率)、Gs(气孔导度)、Ls(气孔限制值)、Fv/Fm(PSII 光化学最大量子产率)和 qp(光化学淬灭系数)总体呈下降趋势,而 Ci(胞间 CO2 浓度)则呈上升趋势。随着 2,4-DNP 胁迫浓度的增加,叶片的净光合速率和细胞间二氧化碳浓度呈现出相反的趋势,2,4-DNP 对沙柳幼苗净光合的抑制主要基于非气孔因素。在 15 d 的培养实验中,2,4-DNP 胁迫浓度较低时,SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)和 CAT(过氧化氢酶)指标值较高,当 2,4-DNP 浓度为 10 mg L-1 时,三种酶的指标值均达到最大值,然后下降。沙柳幼苗对 2,4-DNP 胁迫的耐受性较好,不超过 20 毫克/升。沙柳幼苗净化 2,4-DNP 溶液后,其毒性明显降低。15 天后,经松叶沙柳净化的 2,4-DNP溶液对各处理组的去除率均高于 80%。当 2,4-DNP 浓度达到 20 mg L-1 时,MDA(丙二醛)含量为 55.62 mmol g-1,REC(相对电导率)和 LD(叶片损伤)值分别为 63.51% 和 59.93%。叶片细胞膜的结构和功能受到严重破坏。随着 2,4-DNP 浓度的增加,沙柳幼苗对 2,4-DNP 的去除率呈下降趋势。当 2,4-DNP 浓度为 5 mg L-1 时,沙柳幼苗对 2,4-DNP 的去除率最高,为 95.98%;当 2,4-DNP 浓度为 20 mg L-1 时,去除率最高,为 86.76%。由此可见,沙柳幼苗对 2,4-DNP 污染进行植物修复的合适推荐浓度为 8.81 至 13.78 毫克/升。
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引用次数: 0
Micro(nano)plastic and Related Chemicals: Emerging Contaminants in Environment, Food and Health Impacts. 微(纳米)塑料及相关化学品:环境、食品和健康影响中的新兴污染物。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100762
Juliana G R de Carvalho, Helga Coelho Augusto, Ricardo Ferraz, Cristina Delerue-Matos, Virgínia Cruz Fernandes

Microplastic pollution is a problem of increasing concern in food, and while food safety issues around the world are serious, an increasing number of food safety issues related to microplastics have become the focus of people's attention. The presence of microplastics in food is a worldwide problem, and they are present in all kinds of foods, foods of both animal and plant origin, food additives, drinks, plastic food packaging, and agricultural practices. This can cause problems for both humans and the environment. Microplastics have already been detected in human blood, heart, placenta, and breastmilk, but their effects in humans are not well understood. Studies with mammals and human cells or organoids have given perspective about the potential impact of micro(nano)plastics on human health, which affect the lungs, kidneys, heart, neurological system, and DNA. Additionally, as plastics often contain additives or other substances, the potentially harmful effects of exposure to these substances must also be carefully studied before any conclusions can be drawn. The study of microplastics is very complex as there are many factors to account for, such as differences in particle sizes, constituents, shapes, additives, contaminants, concentrations, etc. This review summarizes the more recent research on the presence of microplastic and other plastic-related chemical pollutants in food and their potential impacts on human health.

微塑料污染是一个日益受到关注的食品问题,在全球食品安全问题严重的同时,越来越多与微塑料有关的食品安全问题成为人们关注的焦点。食品中的微塑料是一个世界性问题,它们存在于各种食品、动植物源性食品、食品添加剂、饮料、塑料食品包装和农业生产实践中。这对人类和环境都会造成问题。在人体血液、心脏、胎盘和母乳中已经检测到了微塑料,但它们对人体的影响还不十分清楚。通过对哺乳动物和人体细胞或有机体的研究,可以看出微(纳米)塑料对人体健康的潜在影响,它们会影响肺、肾、心脏、神经系统和 DNA。此外,由于塑料通常含有添加剂或其他物质,在得出结论之前,还必须仔细研究接触这些物质可能产生的有害影响。对微塑料的研究非常复杂,因为有许多因素需要考虑,如颗粒大小、成分、形状、添加剂、污染物、浓度等方面的差异。本综述总结了有关食品中存在的微塑料和其他与塑料有关的化学污染物及其对人类健康的潜在影响的最新研究。
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引用次数: 0
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Complex Emission Dynamics in Port Areas Using High-Density Air Sensor Network. 利用高密度空气传感器网络对港口地区复杂的排放动态进行时空分析。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100760
Jun Pan, Ying Wang, Xiaoliang Qin, Nirmal Kumar Gali, Qingyan Fu, Zhi Ning

Cargo terminals, as pivotal hubs of mechanical activities, maritime shipping, and land transportation, are significant sources of air pollutants, exhibiting considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity due to the complex and irregular nature of emissions. This study employed a high-density air sensor network with 17 sites across four functional zones in two Shanghai cargo terminals to monitor NO and NO2 concentrations with high spatiotemporal resolution post sensor data validation against regulatory monitoring stations. Notably, NO and NO2 concentrations within the terminal surged during the night, peaking at 06:00 h, likely due to local regulations on heavy-duty diesel trucks. Spatial analysis revealed the highest NO concentrations in the core operational areas and adjacent roads, with significantly lower levels in the outer ring, indicating strong emission sources and limited dispersion. Employing the lowest percentile method for baseline extraction from high-resolution data, this study identified local emissions as the primary source of NO, constituting over 80% of total emissions. Elevated background concentrations of NO2 suggested a gradual oxidation of NO into NO2, with local emissions contributing to 32-70% of the total NO2 concentration. These findings provide valuable insights into the NO and NO2 emission characteristics across different terminal areas, aiding decision-makers in developing targeted emission control policies.

货运码头作为机械活动、海运和陆运的枢纽,是空气污染物的重要来源,由于其排放的复杂性和不规则性,表现出相当大的时空异质性。本研究采用了一个高密度空气传感器网络,在上海两个货运码头的四个功能区中设置了 17 个站点,监测二氧化氮和二氧化氮的浓度,并根据监管监测站点对传感器数据进行验证,以获得高时空分辨率。值得注意的是,码头内的氮氧化物和二氧化氮浓度在夜间急剧上升,在 06:00 时达到峰值,这可能是由于当地对重型柴油卡车的管理条例所致。空间分析表明,核心作业区和邻近道路的氮氧化物浓度最高,而外环的浓度明显较低,这表明排放源很强且扩散有限。这项研究采用最低百分位数法从高分辨率数据中提取基线,确定本地排放是 NO 的主要来源,占总排放量的 80% 以上。二氧化氮本底浓度的升高表明,二氧化氮逐渐被氧化成二氧化氮,本地排放的二氧化氮占二氧化氮总浓度的 32-70%。这些发现为了解不同终端区域的 NO 和 NO2 排放特征提供了宝贵的信息,有助于决策者制定有针对性的排放控制政策。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Ciprofloxacin on the Production and Composition of Cellular Microcystins in Microcystis aeruginosa. 环丙沙星对铜绿微囊藻细胞微囊藻毒素的产生和组成的影响
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100759
Liang Wan, Rong Huang, Yan Zhou, Jiahao Guo, Yiying Jiao, Jian Gao

Antibiotics can affect the photosynthetic system of Microcystis, potentially altering the balance of carbon and nitrogen, which may influence the synthesis of different microcystin (MC) congeners. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which antibiotics affect the synthesis of various MC congeners in Microcystis remain unknown. In this study, the effects of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on the growth, carbon and nitrogen balance, amino acid composition, mcyB gene expression, and production of different MC congeners were investigated in two toxin-producing strains of Microcystis aeruginosa. The results show that CIP exposure significantly inhibited the growth of both strains, achieving an inhibition rate of 71.75% in FACHB-315 and 41.13% in FACHB-915 at 8 μg/L CIP by the end of the cultivation. The intracellular C:N ratio in FACHB-315 increased by 51.47%, while no significant change was observed in FACHB-915. The levels of leucine, tyrosine, and arginine, as identified and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS, were significantly altered at higher CIP concentrations, leading to a reduction in leucine percentage and a notable increase in tyrosine in both strains, which contributed to a reduction in MC-LR proportion and an increase in MC-RR and MC-YR proportion. Additionally, the expression of the mcyB gene was upregulated by as much as 5.57 times, indicating that antibiotic stress could enhance MC synthesis at the genetic level, contributing to the increased toxicity of cyanobacteria. These findings emphasize the significant role of CIP in the biochemical processes of M. aeruginosa, particularly in MC synthesis and composition, providing valuable insights into the ecological risks posed by antibiotics and harmful cyanobacteria.

抗生素会影响微囊藻的光合系统,可能会改变碳和氮的平衡,从而影响不同微囊藻毒素(MC)同系物的合成。然而,抗生素影响微囊藻中各种 MC 同系物合成的调控机制尚不清楚。本研究调查了环丙沙星(CIP)对铜绿微囊藻两株产毒菌株的生长、碳氮平衡、氨基酸组成、mcyB 基因表达和不同 MC 同系物产量的影响。结果表明,接触 CIP 能显著抑制两株菌株的生长,在 8 μg/L CIP 的条件下,培养结束时对 FACHB-315 的抑制率为 71.75%,对 FACHB-915 的抑制率为 41.13%。FACHB-315 细胞内的 C:N 比率增加了 51.47%,而 FACHB-915 则未观察到明显变化。经 UPLC-MS/MS 鉴定和定量的亮氨酸、酪氨酸和精氨酸水平在较高的 CIP 浓度下发生了显著变化,导致两株菌株的亮氨酸比例下降,酪氨酸比例明显上升,从而导致 MC-LR 比例下降,MC-RR 和 MC-YR 比例上升。此外,mcyB 基因的表达上调了 5.57 倍之多,这表明抗生素胁迫可在基因水平上促进 MC 的合成,从而导致蓝藻毒性的增加。这些发现强调了 CIP 在铜绿微囊藻生化过程中的重要作用,尤其是在 MC 合成和组成方面,为了解抗生素和有害蓝藻带来的生态风险提供了宝贵的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Microplastic Transport and Accumulation in Rural Waterbodies: Insights from a Small Catchment in East China. 农村水体中的微塑料迁移和累积:华东小流域的启示》。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100761
Tom Lotz, Wenjun Chen, Shoubao Su

Microplastic (MP) pollution in agricultural ecosystems is an emerging environmental concern, with limited knowledge of its transport and accumulation in rural waterbodies. This study investigates the distribution and sources of MP in drainage ditches influenced by pond connectivity, land use, and soil properties within a small catchment in Nanjing, East China. Sediment was collected from ditches in 18 sites across forest, agricultural, horticultural, and urban areas. Using laser-directed infrared spectroscopy (LDIR), 922 MP particles were identified. Six materials were dominant: fluororubber (FR), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), acrylonitrile (ACR), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), and polyethylene (PE). MP concentrations varied by land use and pond connectivity, with ditches above ponds exhibiting higher counts (1700 particles/kg) than those below (1050 particles/kg), indicating that ponds act as MP sinks. The analysis revealed site-specific MP sources, with FR linked to road runoff and PET associated with agricultural practices. Correlations between MP shape and soil properties showed that more compact and filled shapes were more commonly associated with coarser soils. PE particle size was negatively correlated with organic matter. This study highlights the need for targeted strategies to reduce MP pollution in rural landscapes, such as reducing plastic use, ditch maintenance, and improved road runoff management.

农业生态系统中的微塑料(MP)污染是一个新出现的环境问题,但人们对其在农村水体中的迁移和积累了解有限。本研究调查了华东地区南京市一个小流域内受池塘连通性、土地利用和土壤性质影响的排水沟中微塑料的分布和来源。研究人员从18个地点的沟渠中收集了沉积物,这些地点遍布森林、农业、园艺和城市地区。利用激光直接红外光谱(LDIR)技术,确定了 922 种 MP 颗粒。主要有六种材料:氟橡胶 (FR)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯 (PET)、聚氨酯 (PU)、丙烯腈 (ACR)、氯化聚乙烯 (CPE) 和聚乙烯 (PE)。MP 浓度因土地用途和池塘连通性而异,池塘上方沟渠的 MP 粒子数(1700 粒子/千克)高于池塘下方沟渠的 MP 粒子数(1050 粒子/千克),这表明池塘是 MP 的汇集地。分析揭示了特定地点的 MP 来源,FR 与道路径流有关,PET 与农业耕作有关。MP 形状与土壤特性之间的相关性表明,更紧凑、更饱满的形状通常与更粗糙的土壤有关。聚乙烯颗粒大小与有机质呈负相关。这项研究强调,需要采取有针对性的策略来减少农村景观中的 MP 污染,如减少塑料的使用、沟渠维护和改善道路径流管理。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Electrode Positioning on Electrokinetic Remediation of Contaminated Soft Clay with Surface Electrolyte. 电极定位对使用表面电解质对受污染软粘土进行电动修复的影响
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100758
Zhaohua Sun, Shuwen Xu, Jianming Zhang, Beukes Demarscho Eugene, Sheng Li

Soft clay contamination is an increasingly global issue with significant implications for land development and human health. Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) has demonstrated significant potential for cleaning contaminated soils. It is crucial to develop efficient processes that minimize environmental impact and reduce costs. A series of citric acid (CA)-enhanced EKR tests were conducted using a novel experimental setup, with the electrolyte positioned above the soil surface, to examine the impact of four different electrode arrangements on the effectiveness of EKR. The position of the electrode end had a significant impact on the migration of ions in the anolyte and catholyte, which in turn affected the volume reduction in the anolyte, the magnitude of the current, and the migration of heavy metals. The electrode arrangement mode c (electrodes suspended in the electrolytes) can enhance the migration of the anolyte and reduce the drainage of the soil, making it an effective measure for improving the removal rate of heavy metals. After the heavy metal remediation is complete, the bearing capacity of the soil should be increased. Changing the electrode arrangement to mode d (anode suspended in the anolyte, a very small part of the cathode inserted into the soil) is an effective measure for reducing the soil water content and improving soil strength.

软粘土污染是一个日益严重的全球性问题,对土地开发和人类健康具有重大影响。电动力修复(EKR)在净化受污染土壤方面具有巨大潜力。关键是要开发出高效的工艺,最大限度地减少对环境的影响并降低成本。我们使用新颖的实验装置(电解液位于土壤表面之上)进行了一系列柠檬酸(CA)增强型 EKR 试验,以检验四种不同电极排列方式对 EKR 效果的影响。电极末端的位置对电解液和电解质中离子的迁移有显著影响,进而影响电解液体积的减少、电流的大小和重金属的迁移。电极布置模式 c(电极悬浮在电解质中)可以增强溶解质的迁移,减少土壤的排水量,是提高重金属去除率的有效措施。重金属修复完成后,应提高土壤的承载能力。将电极布置方式改为模式 d(阳极悬浮在溶液中,极小部分阴极插入土壤中)是降低土壤含水量和提高土壤强度的有效措施。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Biomarker Response of Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Digestive Glands and Gills of Autochthonous and Invasive Freshwater Mussels from the Sava River, Serbia. 塞尔维亚萨瓦河自生和入侵淡水贻贝消化腺和鳃中氧化应激参数的综合生物标记反应
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100756
Slavica Borković-Mitić, Bojan Mitić, Jelena S Vranković, Katarina Jovičić, Slađan Pavlović

In this study, the activity of oxidative stress parameters superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as the concentrations of vitamin E (Vit E) and SH groups in the digestive glands and gills of freshwater mussels Unio pictorum and Sinanodonta woodiana from the Sava River in Serbia were investigated. These parameters were determined in native and invasive mussels under the same environmental conditions. The activities of GSH-Px and GR and the concentration of Vit E were significantly higher in the digestive glands of the autochthonous species U. pictorum than in the invasive species S. woodiana, while the CAT activity and the concentration of SH groups were lower. In the gills of U. pictorum, GSH-Px activity and Vit E concentration were significantly higher, while CAT, GST, and SH groups were lower. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that oxidative stress parameters were strictly tissue- and species-specific. In addition, integrated biomarker response (IBR) showed a combined response of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative stress parameters depending on the tissue or species studied, indicating different metabolic activities and behaviors of an autochthonous versus an introduced bivalve species.

本研究调查了氧化应激参数超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶(GST)的活性,以及塞尔维亚萨瓦河淡水贻贝 Unio pictorum 和 Sinanodonta woodiana 消化腺和鳃中维生素 E(Vit E)和 SH 组的浓度。这些参数是在相同环境条件下对本地和外来贻贝进行测定的。在本地物种 U. pictorum 的消化腺中,GSH-Px 和 GR 的活性以及维生素 E 的浓度明显高于入侵物种 S. woodiana,而 CAT 活性和 SH 组的浓度则较低。在象鼻虫的鳃中,GSH-Px 活性和维生素 E 浓度显著较高,而 CAT、GST 和 SH 组则较低。主成分分析(PCA)表明,氧化应激参数具有严格的组织和物种特异性。此外,综合生物标志物反应(IBR)显示,酶和非酶氧化应激参数的综合反应取决于所研究的组织或物种,表明自生双壳类动物与引进双壳类动物的代谢活动和行为不同。
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引用次数: 0
Oxidative Dissolution and the Aggregation of Silver Nanoparticles in Drinking and Natural Waters: The Influence of the Medium on the Process Development. 银纳米粒子在饮用水和天然水中的氧化溶解和聚集:介质对过程发展的影响。
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100757
Vadim A Ershov, Boris G Ershov

Currently, there are quite a few data on the ways silver nanoparticles get into the aquatic environment, on their subsequent dissolution in water, and on the release of toxic Ag+ ions. Differences in the experimental conditions hinder the determination of the basic regularities of this process. In this study, the stages of oxidative dissolution of AgNPs were studied, starting from the formation of silver hydrosol in deaerated solution, the reaction of silver with oxygen and with drinking and natural waters, the analysis of intermediate species of the oxidized colloidal particles, and the subsequent particle aggregation and precipitation, by optical spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, STEM, and EDX. In the presence of oxygen, silver nanoparticles undergo oxidative dissolution, which gives Ag+ ions and results in the subsequent aggregation of nanoparticles. The carbonate hydrosol loses stability when mixed with waters of various origin. This is due to the destruction of the electric double layer, which is caused by an increase in the solution's ionic strength and the neutralization of the charge of the metal core. The environmental hazard of the silver nanoparticle hydrosol would noticeably change and/or decrease when the nanoparticles get into natural waters because of their fast precipitation and because the major part of released Ag+ ions form poorly soluble salts with ions present in water.

目前,关于纳米银粒子进入水生环境的方式、随后在水中的溶解情况以及有毒 Ag+ 离子的释放情况的数据相当少。实验条件的差异阻碍了对这一过程基本规律的确定。本研究通过光学光谱、DLS、TEM、STEM 和 EDX 等方法,研究了银纳米粒子氧化溶解的各个阶段,包括在脱气溶液中形成银水溶液、银与氧气、饮用水和天然水发生反应、氧化胶体粒子的中间物种分析,以及随后的粒子聚集和沉淀。在氧气存在的情况下,纳米银粒子会发生氧化溶解,产生 Ag+ 离子,并导致纳米粒子的聚集。碳酸盐水溶液与不同来源的水混合后会失去稳定性。这是由于溶液离子强度的增加和金属核心电荷的中和导致了电双层的破坏。当纳米银微粒进入自然水体时,由于其沉淀速度快,释放出的大部分 Ag+ 离子会与水中的离子形成难溶性盐,因此纳米银水溶液对环境的危害会明显改变和/或降低。
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引用次数: 0
Are Microfibers a Threat to Marine Invertebrates? A Sea Urchin Toxicity Assessment. 微纤维会威胁海洋无脊椎动物吗?海胆毒性评估
IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12100753
Jennifer Barbosa Dos Santos, Rodrigo Brasil Choueri, Francisco Eduardo Melo Dos Santos, Laís Adrielle de Oliveira Santos, Letícia Fernanda da Silva, Caio Rodrigues Nobre, Milton Alexandre Cardoso, Renata de Britto Mari, Fábio Ruiz Simões, Tomas Angel Delvalls, Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri

The rise of "fast fashion" has driven up the production of low-cost, short-lived clothing, significantly increasing global textile fiber production and, consequently, exacerbating environmental pollution. This study investigated the ecotoxicological effects of different types of anthropogenic microfibers-cotton, polyester, and mixed fibers (50% cotton: 50% polyester)-on marine organisms, specifically sea urchin embryos. All tested fibers exhibited toxicity, with cotton fibers causing notable effects on embryonic development even at environmentally relevant concentrations. The research also simulated a scenario where microfibers were immersed in seawater for 30 days to assess changes in toxicity over time. The results showed that the toxicity of microfibers increased with both concentration and exposure duration, with polyester being the most toxic among the fibers tested. Although synthetic fibers have been the primary focus of previous research, this study highlights that natural fibers like cotton, which are often overlooked, can also be toxic due to the presence of harmful additives. These natural fibers, despite decomposing faster than synthetic ones, can persist in aquatic environments for extended periods. The findings underline the critical need for further research on both natural and synthetic microfibers to understand their environmental impact and potential threats to marine ecosystems and sea urchin populations.

快时尚 "的兴起推动了低成本、短寿命服装的生产,大大增加了全球纺织纤维的产量,从而加剧了环境污染。本研究调查了不同类型的人为超细纤维(棉、聚酯和混合纤维(50% 棉:50% 聚酯))对海洋生物(特别是海胆胚胎)的生态毒理学影响。所有受测纤维都表现出毒性,其中棉纤维即使在环境相关浓度下也会对胚胎发育造成显著影响。研究还模拟了将超细纤维在海水中浸泡 30 天的情景,以评估其毒性随时间的变化。结果表明,超细纤维的毒性随着浓度和暴露时间的增加而增加,其中聚酯纤维的毒性是测试纤维中最大的。虽然合成纤维是以往研究的主要重点,但这项研究强调,棉花等经常被忽视的天然纤维也可能因含有有害添加剂而具有毒性。尽管这些天然纤维的分解速度比合成纤维快,但它们可以在水生环境中长期存在。这些发现强调了进一步研究天然和合成超细纤维的迫切需要,以了解它们对环境的影响以及对海洋生态系统和海胆种群的潜在威胁。
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