Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Based on PCA and PMF Model in Black Soil Area of Hailun City, Northeast China.

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Toxics Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI:10.3390/toxics12090683

Zhiwei Yang, Junbo Yu, Ke Yang, Qipeng Zhang, Yangyang Chen, Shaozhong Qiao

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Abstract

This study assessed the presence of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in China's northeastern black soil belt, an area with limited prior research. We collected 304 soil samples (0-20 cm) from Gonghe Town, Hailun City, and analyzed the PTE contamination degree using the single-factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index. The results demonstrated that the mean concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were 11.16, 0.11, 65.29, 22.56, 0.03, 27.07, 26.09, and 66.01 mg/kg, respectively. Source apportionment was conducted via correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and positive matrix factorization, identifying four main sources: natural (33.2%), irrigation (29.5%), fuel (23.4%), and fertilizer (13.2%). The ecological risk index indicated a slight ecological risk, while the human health risk showed that non-carcinogenic risks were negligible and carcinogenic risks were acceptable. Our findings emphasize the need to prioritize controlling PTEs from fertilizer, particularly cadmium, and to a lesser extent, irrigation and fuel sources, focusing on As, Pband Hg. This research provides critical insights for policymakers aiming to manage PTE contamination in black soils.

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基于 PCA 和 PMF 模型的东北海伦市黑土区潜在有毒元素的来源分配和风险评估

本研究评估了中国东北黑土带潜在有毒元素（PTE）的存在情况。我们在海伦市共和镇采集了 304 个土壤样品（0-20 cm），并采用单因子污染指数和内默罗污染指数分析了 PTE 的污染程度。结果表明，砷（As）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铜（Cu）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）、铅（Pb）和锌（Zn）的平均浓度分别为 11.16、0.11、65.29、22.56、0.03、27.07、26.09 和 66.01 mg/kg。通过相关分析、主成分分析和正矩阵因式分解进行了来源分配，确定了四个主要来源：自然（33.2%）、灌溉（29.5%）、燃料（23.4%）和化肥（13.2%）。生态风险指数表明存在轻微的生态风险，而人类健康风险表明非致癌风险可以忽略不计，致癌风险可以接受。我们的研究结果表明，有必要优先控制化肥中的 PTEs，尤其是镉，其次是灌溉和燃料来源中的 PTEs，重点是砷、铅和汞。这项研究为旨在管理黑土中 PTE 污染的政策制定者提供了重要的见解。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.