The EAT-Lancet diet associated cardiovascular health parameters: evidence from a Brazilian study.

IF 4.4 2区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Nutrition Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1186/s12937-024-01021-4
Rosa Sá de Oliveira Neta, Severina Carla Vieira Cunha Lima, Maria Fernanda Araújo de Medeiros, David Bruno Melo Araújo, Nicole Bernardi, Armando Augusto Noberto Galdino de Araújo, Michelle Cristine Medeiros Jacob, Adélia da Costa Pereira de Arruda Neta, Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni, Clélia de Oliveira Lyra, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli da Costa Oliveira
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Abstract

Background: The EAT-Lancet diet is a diet aimed at promoting population and planetary health from the perspective of sustainable diets in terms of environmental and health aspects. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults and elderly individuals in a capital city in the northeastern region of Brazil.

Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional observational study from a population-based sample conducted between 2019 and 2020, involving 398 non-institutionalized adults and elderly people, of both sexes from "Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment" study (Brazuca-Natal). There was a 38% response rate due to the suspension of data collection due to the covid-19 pandemic, but According to the comparative analysis of socioeconomic and demographic variables between the surveyed and non-surveyed sectors, losses were found to be random (p = 0.135, Little's MCAR test). Socioeconomic and lifestyle data, anthropometric measurements, and dietary consumption were collected. We used the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and the Cardiovascular Health Diet Index (CHDI) for cardiovascular health to assess adherence to the diet's sustainability. The evaluated cardiometabolic parameters included fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements. We also assessed the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. For the data analyses, sample weights and the effect of the study design were taken into account. Pearson's chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of frequencies. Multiple linear regression models assessed the associations between PHDI and CHDI and its components and the cardiometabolic parameters.

Results: The mean PHDI was 29.4 (95% CI 28.04:30.81), on a total score ranging from 0 to 150 points and the mean CHDI was 32.63 (95% CI 31.50:33.78), on a total score ranging from 0 to 110 points. PHDI showed a significant positive association with the final CHDI score and components of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, and a negative association with Ultra-processed Food (UPF) (p < 0.05). Notably, among the most consumed UPF, the following stand out: "packaged snacks, shoestring potatoes, and crackers" (16.94%), followed by margarine (14.14%). The PHDI exhibited a significant association with diabetes and dyslipidemia, as well as with systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-C.

Conclusions: The results suggest that adopting the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with the improvement of key cardiovascular health indicators.

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与心血管健康参数相关的 EAT-Lancet 饮食:来自巴西研究的证据。
背景:EAT-Lancet 饮食是从环境和健康方面考虑的可持续饮食,旨在促进人口和地球健康。本研究旨在评估巴西东北部地区一个省会城市的成年人和老年人坚持 EAT-Lancet 饮食与心脏代谢风险因素之间的关系:这是一项分析性横断面观察研究,在2019年至2020年期间进行了人口抽样调查,涉及 "巴西通常消费评估 "研究(Brazuca-Natal)中的398名非住院成年人和老年人,男女均有。由于covid-19大流行病,数据收集工作暂停,因此回复率为38%,但根据对接受调查和未接受调查人群的社会经济和人口变量的比较分析,发现损失是随机的(P = 0.135,Little's MCAR检验)。我们收集了社会经济和生活方式数据、人体测量数据以及膳食消费数据。我们使用行星健康膳食指数(PHDI)和心血管健康膳食指数(CHDI)来评估膳食的可持续性。评估的心血管代谢参数包括空腹血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇以及收缩压和舒张压测量值。我们还评估了是否患有 2 型糖尿病、动脉高血压和血脂异常。在进行数据分析时,我们考虑了样本权重和研究设计的影响。皮尔逊卡方检验用于评估频率的统计学意义。多元线性回归模型评估了 PHDI 和 CHDI 及其组成部分与心脏代谢参数之间的关系:PHDI的平均值为29.4(95% CI 28.04:30.81),总分从0分到150分不等;CHDI的平均值为32.63(95% CI 31.50:33.78),总分从0分到110分不等。PHDI 与 CHDI 最终得分及水果、蔬菜和豆类成分呈显著正相关,而与超加工食品(UPF)呈负相关(P 结论:PHDI 与 CHDI 最终得分及水果、蔬菜和豆类成分呈显著正相关,而与超加工食品(UPF)呈负相关:结果表明,采用 EAT-Lancet 饮食与主要心血管健康指标的改善有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Nutrition Journal
Nutrition Journal NUTRITION & DIETETICS-
CiteScore
9.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
68
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Nutrition Journal publishes surveillance, epidemiologic, and intervention research that sheds light on i) influences (e.g., familial, environmental) on eating patterns; ii) associations between eating patterns and health, and iii) strategies to improve eating patterns among populations. The journal also welcomes manuscripts reporting on the psychometric properties (e.g., validity, reliability) and feasibility of methods (e.g., for assessing dietary intake) for human nutrition research. In addition, study protocols for controlled trials and cohort studies, with an emphasis on methods for assessing dietary exposures and outcomes as well as intervention components, will be considered. Manuscripts that consider eating patterns holistically, as opposed to solely reductionist approaches that focus on specific dietary components in isolation, are encouraged. Also encouraged are papers that take a holistic or systems perspective in attempting to understand possible compensatory and differential effects of nutrition interventions. The journal does not consider animal studies. In addition to the influence of eating patterns for human health, we also invite research providing insights into the environmental sustainability of dietary practices. Again, a holistic perspective is encouraged, for example, through the consideration of how eating patterns might maximize both human and planetary health.
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