Resistance- and endurance-trained young men display comparable carotid artery strain parameters that are superior to untrained men.

Abstract

Purpose: Central arterial stiffness, a predictor of cardiovascular risk, attenuates with endurance-exercise in ageing populations. However, in young individuals, this effect is inconsistent and emerging evidence suggests resistance-exercise may increase arterial stiffness. Two-dimensional (2D)-Strain imaging of the common carotid artery (CCA) is more sensitive at detecting endurance-training induced alterations in CCA stiffness than conventional methods, but has not been used to examine CCA stiffness in young resistance-trained individuals. Therefore, we compared CCA 2D-Strain parameters at rest, during acute exercise and recovery between resistance-trained, endurance-trained, and untrained young men.

Methods: Short-axis CCA ultrasound images were obtained from 12 endurance-trained [27yrs (95%CI; 24-29)], 14 resistance-trained [24yrs (23-26)] and 12 untrained [23yrs (22-24] men at rest, during isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise and recovery. 2D-Strain analysis quantified CCA peak circumferential strain (PCS) and systolic (S-SR) and diastolic (D-SR) strain rates. Conventional stiffness indices included aortic pulse-wave velocity, CCA β-stiffness (β₁) and Petersons elastic modulus (E_p).

Results: Resting conventional stiffness indices were not different between groups (P > 0.05). Resting PCS and S-SR were comparable between resistance- [11.6% (10.6-12.5) and 1.46 s^-1 (1.37-1.55), respectively] and endurance-trained [11.4% (10.7-12.2) and 1.5 s^-1 (1.38-1.62)] men and superior to untrained men [9.5% (9.19-9.9); P < 0.004 and 1.24 s^-1 (1.17 - 1.31); P < 0.018)]. Both trained groups displayed comparable reductions in PCS and S-SR during IHG, which returned to resting values during recovery (P < 0.001), whereas these parameters remained unchanged in untrained men. D-SR decreased during IHG in all groups (P < 0.001), but to a lesser extent in endurance-trained men (P < 0.023), whereas β₁ and E_p increased to a similar magnitude in all groups and returned to resting values during recovery (P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Resistance- and endurance-trained men display comparable CCA 2D-Strain parameters that are superior to untrained men, which contends previous reports that resistance-training increases CCA stiffness.