Smaller islands, bigger appetites: evolutionary strategies of insular endemic skinks.

IF 2.9 3区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Royal Society Open Science Pub Date : 2024-10-02 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1098/rsos.240870
Catarina J Pinho, Herculano A Dinis, Brent C Emerson, Raquel Vasconcelos
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Abstract

Competitive dietary and morphological divergence among co-occurring species are fundamental aspects of ecological communities, particularly on islands. Cabo Verde (~570 km west of continental Africa) hosts several endemic reptiles descended from common ancestors, with sympatric species exhibiting wide morphological variation and competing for limited resources. To explore the mechanisms of resource partitioning between coexisting species, DNA metabarcoding was used to compare the diets of large and small skinks, Chioninia vaillantii and Chioninia delalandii, in sympatric and allopatric contexts on Fogo Island and in a more competitive context on the small and resource-poor Cima Islet. The morphological variation of all populations was also examined to test the character displacement hypothesis and to compare the effect of different competitive scenarios. Results showed significant differences in diet and linear measurements between species and populations. The two sympatric populations of C. delalandii on Fogo and Cima showed similar changes in head morphology compared to the allopatric population, supporting character displacement. The effect of higher competitive pressure on Cima was evidenced by the increased morphological and dietary variation observed. This study demonstrates how sister species develop dietary adaptations/morphologies to maintain stable coexistence, especially in highly competitive scenarios, providing useful insights for effective conservation strategies.

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岛屿越小,胃口越大:海岛特有石龙子的进化策略。
共生物种之间的饮食竞争和形态差异是生态群落的基本要素,尤其是在岛屿上。佛得角(非洲大陆以西约 570 千米)有几种由共同祖先传下来的特有爬行动物,同栖物种的形态差异很大,并争夺有限的资源。为了探索共存物种之间的资源分配机制,研究人员利用 DNA 代谢编码技术比较了福戈岛上同域和异域环境下大型和小型石龙子(Chioninia vaillantii 和 Chioninia delalandii)的食谱,以及资源贫乏的西马小岛上竞争更激烈的环境下大型和小型石龙子的食谱。此外,还对所有种群的形态变化进行了研究,以检验特征位移假说,并比较不同竞争环境的影响。结果表明,不同物种和种群之间在食性和线性测量方面存在明显差异。与同域种群相比,福戈岛和西马岛上的两个同域种群中的 C. delalandii 在头部形态上表现出相似的变化,支持特征位移。所观察到的形态和食性变异的增加证明了竞争压力增大对西马的影响。这项研究展示了姊妹物种如何发展饮食适应/形态以保持稳定共存,特别是在高度竞争的情况下,为有效的保护策略提供了有益的启示。
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来源期刊
Royal Society Open Science
Royal Society Open Science Multidisciplinary-Multidisciplinary
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
508
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Royal Society Open Science is a new open journal publishing high-quality original research across the entire range of science on the basis of objective peer-review. The journal covers the entire range of science and mathematics and will allow the Society to publish all the high-quality work it receives without the usual restrictions on scope, length or impact.
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