Differences in Attentional Bias Toward e-Cigarette Cues Between e-Cigarette Users and Nonusers.

Seok Hyun Gwon, Youngjoo Cho, Yourim Kim, Suna Paek, Han-Joo Lee
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Abstract

Abstract: The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased rapidly in recent years, particularly among young adults. There is a dearth of research on the cognitive factors that contribute to ENDS use. One of the possible cognitive mechanisms involved with addictive behavior is attentional bias (AB). AB can manifest as either facilitated attention engagement toward or delayed attention disengagement from a relevant stimulus. The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in AB toward ENDS-related cues between ENDS users and non-ENDS users. ENDS users (n = 29) and nonusers (n = 24) between the ages of 18 and 29 years participated in the dot-probe and eye-tracking picture-viewing tasks. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the variance of AB between the two groups. In the eye-tracking task, ENDS users displayed significantly greater net dwell time and fixation time at time frames of 6-9, 9-12, and 12-15 seconds, compared to nonusers. It is noteworthy that ENDS users exhibited attentional fluctuation toward ENDS cues as well as difficulties disengaging attention from ENDS cues. The current findings offer insight into the nature of attentional processes associated with ENDS cues and provide useful data to guide the development of a nurse-led cognitive intervention focusing on biased attentional processing related to ENDS cues.

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电子烟使用者和非使用者对电子烟线索的注意偏差差异。
摘要:近年来,电子尼古丁输送系统(ENDS)的使用量迅速增加,尤其是在年轻人当中。有关导致使用 ENDS 的认知因素的研究还很缺乏。成瘾行为可能涉及的认知机制之一是注意偏差(AB)。注意偏差既可以表现为对相关刺激的注意参与促进,也可以表现为对相关刺激的注意脱离延迟。本研究旨在考察ENDS使用者和非ENDS使用者对ENDS相关线索的注意偏差差异。年龄在 18-29 岁之间的ENDS使用者(29 人)和非使用者(24 人)参加了点探测和眼动追踪图片浏览任务。结果显示,两组人的 AB 方差有显著差异。在眼动追踪任务中,与非使用者相比,ENDS使用者在6-9秒、9-12秒和12-15秒的时间范围内显示出明显更长的净停留时间和固定时间。值得注意的是,ENDS 使用者对ENDS 提示表现出注意力波动,而且很难从ENDS 提示中转移注意力。目前的研究结果让人们深入了解了与ENDS线索相关的注意过程的性质,并提供了有用的数据来指导护士主导的认知干预的发展,该干预侧重于与ENDS线索相关的有偏差的注意过程。
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