Oral microbiome in human health and diseases.

IF 4.5 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY mLife Pub Date : 2024-09-16 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI:10.1002/mlf2.12136
Siqi Tian, Tao Ding, Hui Li
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Abstract

The oral cavity contains the second-largest microbiota in the human body. The cavity's anatomically and physiologically diverse niches facilitate a wide range of symbiotic bacteria living at distinct oral sites. Consequently, the oral microbiota exhibits site specificity, with diverse species, compositions, and structures influenced by specific aspects of their placement. Variations in oral microbiota structure caused by changes in these influencing factors can impact overall health and lead to the development of diseases-not only in the oral cavity but also in organs distal to the mouth-such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease. Conversely, diseases can exacerbate the imbalance of the oral microbiota, creating a vicious cycle. Understanding the heterogeneity of both the oral microbiome and individual humans is important for investigating the causal links between the oral microbiome and diseases. Additionally, understanding the intricacies of the oral microbiome's composition and regulatory factors will help identify the potential causes of related diseases and develop interventions to prevent and treat illnesses in this domain. Therefore, turning to the extant research in this field, we systematically review the relationship between oral microbiome dynamics and human diseases.

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人类健康和疾病中的口腔微生物群。
口腔含有人体第二大微生物群。口腔在解剖学和生理学上的多样性有利于各种共生细菌生活在不同的口腔部位。因此,口腔微生物群表现出部位特异性,其物种、组成和结构的多样性受到其位置特定方面的影响。这些影响因素的变化所导致的口腔微生物群结构的变化会影响整体健康,并导致疾病的发生--不仅是口腔疾病,还包括口腔远端器官的疾病,如癌症、心血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病。反之,疾病也会加剧口腔微生物群的失衡,形成恶性循环。了解口腔微生物群和人类个体的异质性对于研究口腔微生物群与疾病之间的因果联系非常重要。此外,了解口腔微生物组的组成和调节因素的复杂性,将有助于确定相关疾病的潜在原因,并开发预防和治疗该领域疾病的干预措施。因此,我们从这一领域的现有研究出发,系统地回顾了口腔微生物组动态与人类疾病之间的关系。
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