From soil to clinic: current advances in understanding Coccidioides and coccidioidomycosis.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00161-23
Katrina M Jackson, Marcus de Melo Teixeira, Bridget M Barker
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Abstract

SUMMARYCoccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are fungal pathogens that cause systemic mycoses and are prevalent in arid regions in the Americas. While C. immitis mainly occurs in California and Washington, C. posadasii is widely distributed across North and South America. Both species induce coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin Valley fever or, more commonly, Valley fever), with reported cases surging in the United States, notably in California and Arizona. Moreover, cases in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico are on the rise. Climate change and environmental alterations conducive to Coccidioides spp. proliferation have been recently explored. Diagnostic challenges contribute to delayed treatment initiation, compounded by limited therapeutic options. Although antifungal drugs are often effective treatments, some patients do not respond to current therapies, underscoring the urgent need for a vaccine, particularly for vulnerable populations over 60 years old relocating to endemic areas. Despite recent progress, gaps persist in the understanding of Coccidioides ecology, host immune responses, and vaccine development. This review synthesizes recent research advancements in Coccidioides ecology, genomics, and immune responses, emphasizing ongoing efforts to develop a human vaccine.

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从土壤到临床:了解球孢子菌和球孢子菌病的最新进展。
摘要:水霉球孢子菌(Coccidioides immitis)和柱孢球孢子菌(Coccidioides posadasii)是引起系统性真菌病的真菌病原体,在美洲干旱地区十分普遍。C. immitis 主要分布在加利福尼亚州和华盛顿州,而 C. posadasii 则广泛分布在北美洲和南美洲。这两种球孢子菌都会诱发球孢子菌病(圣华金谷热或更常见的谷热),在美国,特别是加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州报告的病例激增。此外,阿根廷、巴西和墨西哥的病例也在增加。气候变化和环境变化有利于球孢子虫属的扩散,最近对此进行了探讨。诊断方面的挑战导致治疗启动延迟,而有限的治疗方案又使情况更加复杂。虽然抗真菌药物通常是有效的治疗方法,但有些患者对目前的疗法没有反应,这突出表明迫切需要疫苗,特别是针对迁往流行地区的 60 岁以上易感人群。尽管最近取得了进展,但人们对球孢子菌生态学、宿主免疫反应和疫苗开发的认识仍存在差距。这篇综述综述了球孢子菌生态学、基因组学和免疫反应方面的最新研究进展,并强调了正在进行的人类疫苗开发工作。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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