Brain endurance training improves sedentary older adults’ cognitive and physical performance when fresh and fatigued

IF 3.1 2区心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Psychology of Sport and Exercise Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI:10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102757

Jesús Díaz-García , Tomás García-Calvo , Christopher Ring

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Abstract

Objectives

Cognitive and physical performance is impaired by aging and fatigue. Cognitive and exercise training may mitigate such impairments. Accordingly, we investigated the effect of Brain Endurance Training (BET) – combined cognitive and exercise training – on cognitive and physical performance when fresh and fatigued in older adults.

Design

Twenty-four healthy sedentary women (65–78 years) were randomly allocated to one of three training groups: BET, exercise training, and control (no training). The BET and exercise training groups completed the same physical training protocol comprising three 45-min exercise sessions (20-min resistance exercise plus 25-min endurance exercise) per week for eight weeks. The BET group completed a 20-min cognitive task prior to exercise tasks. Cognitive (tasks: psychomotor vigilance, Stroop) and physical (tests: walk, chair-stand, arm curl) performance was tested when fresh and fatigued (before and after a 30-min cognitive task) at weeks 0 (pre-test), 4 (mid-test), 8 (post-test), and 12 (follow-up test).

Results

Cognitive and physical and performance was generally superior when fresh and fatigued at mid-test and post-test for both BET and exercise training groups compared to the control group. The BET group outperformed the exercise group when fatigued at mid-test and post-test both cognitively (always) and physically (sometimes). The pre-to-post changes in cognitive performance when fresh and fatigued averaged 3.7 % and 7.8 % for BET, 3.6 % and 4.5 % for exercise, and −0.4 % and 0.3 % for control groups. The corresponding changes in physical performance averaged 16.5 % and 29.9 % for BET, 13.8 % and 22.4 % for exercise, and 10.8 % and 7.1 % for control groups.

Conclusion

These findings show that BET can improve cognitive and physical performance in older adults.

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脑耐力训练可提高久坐不动的老年人在新鲜和疲劳状态下的认知和体能表现。

目标：认知和体能表现会因衰老和疲劳而受损。认知和运动训练可减轻这种损害。因此，我们研究了脑耐力训练（Brain Endurance Training，BET）--认知和运动相结合的训练--对老年人在新鲜和疲劳状态下的认知和体能表现的影响：设计：24 名健康的久坐妇女（65-78 岁）被随机分配到三个训练组中的一组：BET 组、运动训练组和对照组（无训练）。BET 组和运动训练组完成相同的体能训练方案，包括每周三次、每次 45 分钟的运动（20 分钟阻力运动加 25 分钟耐力运动），为期八周。BET 组在完成运动任务前完成 20 分钟的认知任务。在第 0 周（前测）、第 4 周（中测）、第 8 周（后测）和第 12 周（随访测试），分别测试了认知（任务：精神运动警觉性、Stroop）和体能（测试：步行、椅子站立、卷臂）在新鲜和疲劳状态下（30 分钟认知任务之前和之后）的表现：与对照组相比，在测试中期和测试后，BET 组和运动训练组在新鲜和疲劳状态下的认知和体能表现均优于对照组。BET 组在测试中期和测试后疲劳时的认知（总是）和体能（有时）表现均优于运动组。在新鲜和疲劳状态下，BET 组的认知能力在测试前和测试后的平均变化率分别为 3.7% 和 7.8%，运动组分别为 3.6% 和 4.5%，而对照组分别为-0.4% 和 0.3%。相应的身体表现变化，BET 组平均为 16.5%和 29.9%，运动组平均为 13.8%和 22.4%，对照组平均为 10.8%和 7.1%：这些研究结果表明，BET 可以改善老年人的认知能力和体能。

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来源期刊

Psychology of Sport and Exercise 医学-心理学

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

5.90%

发文量

172

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： Psychology of Sport and Exercise is an international forum for scholarly reports in the psychology of sport and exercise, broadly defined. The journal is open to the use of diverse methodological approaches. Manuscripts that will be considered for publication will present results from high quality empirical research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, commentaries concerning already published PSE papers or topics of general interest for PSE readers, protocol papers for trials, and reports of professional practice (which will need to demonstrate academic rigour and go beyond mere description). The CONSORT guidelines consort-statement need to be followed for protocol papers for trials; authors should present a flow diagramme and attach with their cover letter the CONSORT checklist. For meta-analysis, the PRISMA prisma-statement guidelines should be followed; authors should present a flow diagramme and attach with their cover letter the PRISMA checklist. For systematic reviews it is recommended that the PRISMA guidelines are followed, although it is not compulsory. Authors interested in submitting replications of published studies need to contact the Editors-in-Chief before they start their replication. We are not interested in manuscripts that aim to test the psychometric properties of an existing scale from English to another language, unless new validation methods are used which address previously unanswered research questions.